Good Faith in Long-Term Relational Supply Contracts in the Context of Hardship from A Comparative Perspective

Foreword
Acknowledgements
Overview
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
	1.1 Hypothesis
	1.2 Background to the Problem
	1.3 Aim and Importance of the Book
	1.4 Scope of the Book
	1.5 Methodology
Chapter 2: Long-Term Contracts and Relational Contracts
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Long-Term Contracts and Relational Contracts in General
		2.2.1 Long-Term Contract
			2.2.1.1 What Is a Long-Term Contract?
			2.2.1.2 Characteristics of a Long-Term Contract
			2.2.1.3 Why Long-Term Contracts?
			2.2.1.4 Issues Relating to Long-Term Contracts
		2.2.2 Relational Contracts
			2.2.2.1 Meaning of a Relational Contract
			2.2.2.2 Characteristics of a Relational Contract
			2.2.2.3 The Relationship Between Long-Term Contracts and Relational Contracts
			2.2.2.4 Why Is the Relational Contract Theory More Appropriate?
			2.2.2.5 Relational Contract Theory in Hardship Cases
	2.3 Long-Term Contracts in the UNIDROIT Principles
		2.3.1 ‘Definition’ of a Long-Term Contract
		2.3.2 Scope of Application
		2.3.3 Rules Relating to Long-Term Contracts
	2.4 Long-Term Relational Supply Contracts
	2.5 Conclusion
Chapter 3: Hardship Rules in Domestic Laws and International Instruments
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Force Majeure and Hardship
	3.3 Hardship Rules in Domestic Laws
		3.3.1 Hardship Rules in Civil Law
			3.3.1.1 German Law
			3.3.1.2 French Law
		3.3.2 Hardship Rules in Common Law
			3.3.2.1 English Law
			3.3.2.2 Australian Law
			3.3.2.3 American Law
	3.4 Hardship Rules Under the CISG and the UNIDROIT Principles
		3.4.1 Hardship Rules Under the CISG
			3.4.1.1 International Interpretation of “Impediment”
			3.4.1.2 Article 79 and Hardship
		3.4.2 Hardship Rules Under the UNIDROIT Principles
			3.4.2.1 Hardship Rules as an Exception
			3.4.2.2 Definition of Hardship
			3.4.2.3 Elements of Hardship
			3.4.2.4 Scope of Hardship
			3.4.2.5 Effects of Hardship
	3.5 The Recognition of Hardship in Long-Term Relational Supply Contracts
		3.5.1 Maintain or Abandon the Contract in the Context of Hardship?
		3.5.2 Hardship Clauses in Long-Term Relational Supply Contracts
	3.6 Conclusion
Chapter 4: Good Faith in Domestic Laws and International Instruments
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Good Faith in Domestic Laws
		4.2.1 Good Faith in Civil Law
			4.2.1.1 German Contract Law
				Scope of the Application of Good Faith
				Functions of Good Faith
			4.2.1.2 French Contract Law
				Good Faith Before the Reform of the French Civil Code
				Good Faith After the Reform of the French Civil Code
		4.2.2 Good Faith in Common Law
			4.2.2.1 American Contract Law
				Meaning of Good Faith
				Scope of the Application of Good Faith
			4.2.2.2 English Contract Law
				Status of Good Faith
				Piecemeal Solution Approach
				Recent Developments
			4.2.2.3 Australian Contract Law
				The Status of Good Faith in State and Federal Courts
				The Status of Good Faith in the High Court of Australia
	4.3 Good Faith Under the CISG and the UNIDROIT Principles
		4.3.1 Good Faith Under the CISG
			4.3.1.1 Historical and Legislative Background of Article 7 of the CISG
				Stage One
				Stage Two
				Stage Three
				Stage Four
			4.3.1.2 Narrow or Wide Interpretation of Article 7
			4.3.1.3 The Possibility of Opting Out of Good Faith
		4.3.2 Good Faith Under the UNIDROIT Principles
			4.3.2.1 Positive Duty to Act in Good Faith
			4.3.2.2 Negative Prohibition on Behaviour Against Good Faith
			4.3.2.3 Exclusion of the General Principle of Good Faith
	4.4 The Various Levels and Many Facets of Good Faith
		4.4.1 Various Levels and Many Facets of Good Faith in General
			4.4.1.1 Various Levels of Good Faith
			4.4.1.2 Many Facets of Good Faith
		4.4.2 Various Levels and Many Facets of Good Faith in Particular
			4.4.2.1 Various Levels and Many Facets of Good Faith in Domestic Laws
			4.4.2.2 Various Levels and Many Facets of Good Faith Under the CISG and the UNIDROIT Principles
				The CISG
				The UNIDROIT Principles
	4.5 Conclusion
Chapter 5: Manifestations of Good Faith in the Context of Hardship Under the UNIDROIT Principles and the Way Forward
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Manifestations of Good Faith in the Context of Hardship under the UNIDROIT Principles
		5.2.1 Renegotiation
		5.2.2 Termination or Adaptation
	5.3 Manifestations of Good Faith in the Context of Hardship from a Normative Perspective
		5.3.1 Substantive Aspects of Good Faith in the Context of Hardship
			5.3.1.1 Duty to Renegotiate
				The Existence of the Duty to Renegotiate Under a Hardship Clause
				The Existence of the Duty to Renegotiate Without a Hardship Clause
				Case Law on the Duty to Renegotiate
			5.3.1.2 Power of Adaptation or Termination
				Recognition of Adaptation and Termination
				Case Law on Adaptation and Termination
		5.3.2 Procedural Aspects of Good Faith in the Context of Hardship
			5.3.2.1 Renegotiation
				Reasonable Time
				Grounds for Renegotiations
				Procedural Significance of Affirmation of the Contract
				Compelling Reasons as a Boundary on the Duty to Renegotiate
				Procedural Consequences of Renegotiations
			5.3.2.2 Adaptation
				Potential Issues with Adaptation
				Boundaries on Adaptation
				Procedural Consequences of Adaptation
			5.3.2.3 Termination
	5.4 Determination of Good Faith Behaviour
		5.4.1 Double Construction Approach
		5.4.2 Behavioural Factors on the Determination of Good Faith
	5.5 Conclusion
Chapter 6: The Future Solution to Hardship: A Relational and Good Faith Approach
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Old but Continuing Issue: Certainty Versus Flexibility
	6.3 A Relational and Good Faith Solution to Hardship in the Context of the Lex Mercatoria
	6.4 A New Wine, Not a Simple Mixture of Two Old Ones
	6.5 Conclusion
General Conclusions
Bibliography
A Articles/Books/Reports
B Cases
C Arbitral Awards
D Legislation
E Treaties
F Other