Gnepp's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck

Cover
	IFC
Half Title Page
Title Page
	Copyright
	CONTENTS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN TEXT
1 - Precursor Lesions for Squamous Carcinoma in the Upper Aerodigestive Tract
	General Introduction
	Oral Cavity
		INTRODUCTION
		NORMAL ORAL ANATOMY
		ORAL POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT DISORDERS
			Erythroplakia, Leukoplakia, and Speckled Leukoplakia
			Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia
			Verrucous Hyperplasia
			Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Changes in Betel Chewers
			Lichen Planus
			Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
			Human Papillomavirus and Oral Epithelial Dysplasia
			Dyskeratosis Congenita
			Fanconi Anemia
			Sideropenic Dysphagia
			Syphilis
			Palatal Changes in Reverse Smokers
			Cheilitis Glandularis
			Other Conditions
		PROGRESSION AND TRANSFORMATION OF ORAL DYSPLASTIC LESIONS
			Clinical Adjuncts to Diagnosis. Over the past two decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the development of potential or...
			Biopsy Sampling and Handling
			Features of Dysplasia
			Grading Dysplasia
	Clinical-Histological Correlations
			Detection of Early Invasion
	Intraoperative Frozen-Section Assessment of Dysplasia
		PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS
		TREATMENT OF OPMD AND ORAL DYSPLASIA
			Active Surveillance
			Surgical Treatment
			Chemoprevention
	Oropharynx
		INTRODUCTION
		ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
		CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES
	Nasopharynx
		INTRODUCTION
		ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
		CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
		PATHOLOGIC FEATURES AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
		GENETICS
	Nasal Cavity and Sinuses
		ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
		CLINICAL, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, PATHOLOGICAL, AND GENETIC ASPECTS
	Larynx and Hypopharynx
		INTRODUCTION
		ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
		EPIDEMIOLOGY
		ETIOLOGY
		CLINICAL FEATURES
		PATHOLOGIC FEATURES
		INTRAOPERATIVE FROZEN SECTIONS
		DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
		GENETICS
			Introduction
			Chromosomal Changes
			Tumor Suppressor Gene Inactivation and Allelic Loss
			Microsatellite Instability
			Protooncogene Activation
			Telomerase Reactivation
			Epigenetics
			Expression Profile Data
		TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS
2 -Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Aerodigestive System
	Introduction
	Introduction
	General Comments
		EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
			Lip
			Oral Cavity and Pharynx
			Larynx
			Sinonasal Cavities
			Nasopharynx
			Trachea
			Analytic Epidemiology
			Syndromes
		MULTIPLE PRIMARY TUMORS
		LOCAL AND DISTANT METASTASIS
	Site-Specific Features
		NASOPHARYNX
		SINONASAL CAVITIES
		LARYNX AND HYPOPHARYNX
			Hypopharynx
			Larynx
		TRACHEA
		ORAL CAVITY/OROPHARYNX
			Tongue
			Floor of the Mouth
			Cheek
			Alveolar Ridge
			Retromolar Trigone
			Hard Palate
		OROPHARYNX
			Base of the Tongue
			Tonsillar Area and Soft Palate
			Pharyngeal Wall
	Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Unusual Variants
		SPINDLE CELL CARCINOMA
		BASALOID SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
		ACANTHOLYIC SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
			Acantholytic Squamous Cell Carcinoma
		ADENOSQUAMOUS CARCINOMA
		PAPILLARY SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
		LYMPHOEPITHELIAL CARCINOMA
		OTHER UNUSUAL VARIANTS AND DIAGNOSTIC PITFALLS IN SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS
			NUT Carcinoma
			Carcinoma Cuniculatum
3 - Nonsquamous Lesions of the Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses, and Nasopharynx
	Anatomy and Histology
		NASAL CAVITY
		PARANASAL SINUSES
		NASOPHARYNX
	Inflammatory Disorders
		MUCOUS IMPACTION
		SINONASAL INFLAMMATORY POLYPS
		MYOSPHERULOSIS
		TUBERCULOSIS
		SARCOIDOSIS
		LEPROSY
		RHINOSCLEROMA
		RHINOSPORIDIOSIS
		FUNGAL DISEASES
		LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA
	SINUS HISTIOCYTOSIS WITH MASSIVE LYMPHADENOPATHY (ROSAI-DORFMAN DISEASE)
		GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS (WEGENER GRANULOMATOSIS)
		EOSINOPHILIC ANGIOCENTRIC FIBROSIS
	Nonneoplastic Lesions, Including Cysts and Hamartomas
		NECROTIZING SIALOMETAPLASIA
		PARANASAL SINUS MUCOCELE
		RESPIRATORY EPITHELIAL ADENOMATOID HAMARTOMA
		SEROMUCINOUS HAMARTOMA
		NASAL CHONDROMESENCHYMAL HAMARTOMA
		GLIAL HETEROTOPIA AND ENCEPHALOCELE
		DERMOID CYST
		TORNWALDT CYST
	Neoplasms
		NEUROECTODERMAL/MELANOCYTIC TUMORS
			Malignant Melanoma
			Olfactory Neuroblastoma
	Soft-Tissue Tumors
		ANGIOFIBROMA
		GLOMANGIOPERICYTOMA
		LOBULAR CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA
		PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS
		BIPHENOTYPIC SINONASAL SARCOMA
	Other Sinonasal Tumors
		SINONASAL AMELOBLASTOMA
		ECTOPIC PITUITARY ADENOMA
		CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA
		TERATOCARCINOSARCOMA
		LYMPHOPLASMACYTIC TUMORS
	Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
			Extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type
			Extramedullary Plasmacytoma
	Metastatic Tumors
4 - Lesions of the Oral Cavity
	Fibrous, Fibrohistiocytic, and Fibrovascular Lesions
		IRRITATION FIBROMA AND LOCALIZED FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA
		GIANT CELL FIBROMA
		DESMOPLASTIC FIBROBLASTOMA
		SYMMETRICAL PALATAL FIBROMATOSIS
	DESMOID-TYPE FIBROMATOSIS (AGGRESSIVE FIBROMATOSIS)
	GINGIVAL FIBROMATOSIS AND DRUG-INDUCED FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA
		LOCALIZED JUVENILE SPONGIOTIC GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA
		ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS
		FIBROSARCOMA
		BENIGN FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA
		UNDIFFERENTIATED PLEOMORPHIC SARCOMA (MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA)
		MYOFIBROMATOSIS (MYOFIBROBLASTOMA)
		NODULAR FASCIITIS
		PROLIFERATIVE MYOSITIS
		ORAL FOCAL MUCINOSIS
		INFLAMMATORY PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA
		PERICORONITIS
		PYOGENIC GRANULOMA
	Granuloma-Like Mucosal Lesions With Giant Cells
		PERIPHERAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA
		OROFACIAL GRANULOMATOSIS AND GRANULOMATOUS MUCOSITIS
	Soft-Tissue Lesions With Bone or Cartilage
		TORUS AND BONY EXOSTOSIS
		PERIPHERAL OSSIFYING FIBROMA
		HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION
		SOFT-TISSUE OSSEOUS/CARTILAGINOUS CHORISTOMA
		ECTOMESENCHYMAL CHONDROMYXOID TUMOR
		PAROSTEAL (JUXTACORTICAL) AND PERIOSTEAL OSTEOSARCOMA
	Noncalcified Soft-Tissue Tumors With Mixed or Ectopic Tissues
		GLIAL CHORISTOMA
		TERATOMA
		FORDYCE GRANULES
		JUXTAORAL ORGAN OF CHIEVITZ
		BENIGN LYMPHOID AGGREGATE (ORAL TONSIL TAG)
		LINGUAL THYROID
		CONGENITAL (GRANULAR CELL) EPULIS
		MEDIAN RHOMBOID GLOSSITIS
		SOFT-TISSUE CYSTS
		EPIDERMOID AND DERMOID CYST
		PALATAL AND GINGIVAL CYSTS OF THE NEWBORN
		NASOLABIAL CYST
		CYST OF THE INCISIVE PAPILLA
		LYMPHOEPITHELIAL CYST
		THYROGLOSSAL DUCT CYST
		HETEROTOPIC ORAL GASTROINTESTINAL CYST
	Vascular Lesions
		VENOUS ANEURYSM
	CALIBER-PERSISTENT ARTERY
		HEMANGIOMA AND VASCULAR MALFORMATION
		HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA
		SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR (HEMANGIOPERICYTOMA)
		ANGIOSARCOMA
		KAPOSI’S SARCOMA
		LYMPHANGIOMA (LYMPHATIC MALFORMATION)
	Tumors of Fatty Tissue
		HERNIATED BUCCAL FAT PAD
		LIPOMA
		LIPOSARCOMA
	Neural Tumors
		TRAUMATIC NEUROMA
		MUCOSAL NEUROMA
		PALISADED ENCAPSULATED NEUROMA
		SCHWANNOMA (NEURILEMOMA)
		NEUROFIBROMA
		MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMOR
		GRANULAR CELL TUMOR AND MALIGNANT GRANULAR CELL TUMOR
	Muscle Tumors
		LEIOMYOMA
		LEIOMYOSARCOMA
		RHABDOMYOMA
			Treatment and Prognosis
		RHABDOMYOSARCOMA
	Benign Epithelial Proliferations
		PAPILLARY AND VERRUCIFORM MASSES
		SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA
		VERRUCA VULGARIS
		VERRUCA PLANA
		CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM
		FOCAL EPITHELIAL HYPERPLASIA
		VERRUCIFORM XANTHOMA
		KERATOACANTHOMA
		PSEUDOEPITHELIOMATOUS HYPERPLASIA
		ORAL HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA
		NONPAPILLARY KERATOTIC MUCOSAL HYPERPLASIAS
		FRICTIONAL, CHEMICAL, AND THERMAL KERATOSIS
		LEUKOEDEMA
		WHITE SPONGE NEVUS
		ACTINIC CHEILOSIS
		BENIGN MIGRATORY GLOSSITIS AND STOMATITIS
		LICHEN PLANUS AND LICHENOID REACTION
	Ulcerative and Blistering Mucosal Lesions
		INFLAMMATORY ULCERATION (TRAUMATIC ULCER, APHTHOUS ULCER)
		TRAUMATIC ULCERATIVE GRANULOMA WITH STROMAL EOSINOPHILIA (TUGSE)
			Pathologic Findings and Differential Diagnosis
	MEDICATION-ASSOCIATED OSTEONECROSIS OF THE JAWS (MEDICATION-RELATED OSTEONECROSIS OF THE JAWS, MRONJ)
		PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS
		MUCOUS MEMBRANE PEMPHIGOID
		PIGMENTED MUCOSAL LESIONS
		AMALGAM TATTOO
		ORAL MELANOTIC MACULE
		MELANOACANTHOMA
		MUCOSAL MELANOCYTIC NEVUS
		MELANOTIC NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR OF INFANCY
		MELANOMA
		METASTASIS TO ORAL SOFT TISSUES
5 - Nonsquamous Pathologic Diseases of the Hypopharynx, Larynx, and Trachea
	Anatomic Relationships and Barriers or Pathways for Tumor Spread in the Hypopharynx and Larynx
		HYPOPHARYNX
		LARYNX
		BARRIERS TO TUMOR SPREAD
		LARYNGEAL SURGICAL PATHOLOGY SPECIMEN
		SURGICAL PATHOLOGY REPORT
	Non-neoplastic Diseases
		VOCAL CORD NODULES, POLYPS, AND REINKE’S EDEMA
		CYSTS
			Laryngocele
			Saccular Cyst
			Ductal Cysts (Squamous, Tonsillar, and Oncocytic)
			Other Laryngeal Cysts and Sinuses
		LARYNGEAL AMYLOIDOSIS
		ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION
		CONTACT ULCERS
		FOREIGN BODY GRANULOMAS
		SARCOIDOSIS
		GOUT
		AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES AND DISEASES OF UNCERTAIN MECHANISMS
			Rheumatoid Arthritis
			Lupus Erythematosus
			Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener’s Granulomatosis)
		MUCOSAL BULLOUS DISEASES
			Benign Mucosal Pemphigoid and Pemphigus Vulgaris
			Pemphigoid
			Pemphigus
		CROHN’S DISEASE
		NECROTIZING SIALOMETAPLASIA
		IMPACT OF GASTROINTESTINAL REFLUX DISEASE ON THE LARYNX
		CHONDROMETAPLASIA
		RELAPSING POLYCHONDRITIS
		TRACHEOPATHIA CHONDRO-OSTEOPLASTICA
		POSTRADIATION TREATMENT CHANGES
		HAMARTOMA
		LARYNGOMALACIA
	Benign and Malignant Laryngeal Neoplasia
	LARYNGEAL PAPILLOMATOSIS: JUVENILE-ONSET AND ADULT-ONSET PAPILLOMAS AND AGGRESSIVE PAPILLOMATOSIS
		GRANULAR CELL TUMOR
		NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS
			Neuroendocrine Carcinomas
		LARYNGEAL PARAGANGLIOMA
		SALIVARY TUMORS
			Oncocytic Cysts and Cystadenomas
			Pleomorphic Adenoma
			Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
			Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
		MELANOMA AND LARYNGEAL MELANOSIS
			Treatment and Prognosis
		HEMATOLYMPHOID NEOPLASIA
			Extraosseus (Extramedullary) Plasmacytoma
			Malignant Lymphomas
		LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS
		FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELL SARCOMA
		FIBROBLASTIC TUMORS
	Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis (Desmoid Tumor, Aggressive Fibromatosis)
			Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor
			Fibrosarcoma
			Myofibroblastic Sarcoma
		PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS
			Neurofibromas
		MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS
		CARTILAGINOUS TUMORS
		OSTEOSARCOMA
		ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST
		GIANT CELL TUMOR
		SKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS
			Rhabdomyomas
			Rhabdomyosarcoma
		SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS
			Leiomyosarcoma
		VASCULAR TUMORS
			Angiosarcoma
			Kaposi Sarcoma
		SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR
		ADIPOSE TUMORS
			Liposarcoma
		SYNOVIAL SARCOMA
		UNDIFFERENTIATED PLEOMORPHIC SARCOMA (MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA/PLEOMORPHIC FIBROSARCOMA)
		TERATOMA
		BLASTOMA
	Secondary Tumors (Intratracheal Thyroid Ectopia, Metastatic Tumors)
6 - Salivary Glands
	Development and Anatomy
		EMBRYOLOGY
		ANATOMY
	Developmental Disorders
		SALIVARY GLAND HETEROTOPIA
		POLYCYSTIC (DYSGENETIC) DISEASE
	Sialadenitis, Sialolithiasis, and Sialadenosis
		INFECTIOUS SIALADENITIS
			Acute Suppurative Sialadenitis
			Tuberculosis
			Viral Sialadenitis
			Mumps
			Human Immunodeficiency Virus
		CHRONIC SIALADENITIS AND RELATED CONDITIONS
			Sjögren’s Syndrome and Lymphoepithelial Sialadenitis
			Sialolithiasis
		SIALADENOSIS
	Primary Cystic Disease
		MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS
			Mucus Retention Cyst (Salivary Duct Cyst)
		MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS
			Salivary Duct Cysts
			Ranula
			Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Salivary Gland Cysts
			Benign Lymphoepithelial Cyst
			Branchial Cleft and Other Congenital Cysts
			Miscellaneous Nonneoplastic Cystic Lesions
	Tumor-Like Lesions
		SUBACUTE NECROTIZING SIALADENITIS
		SCLEROSING POLYCYSTIC ADENOSIS/ADENOMA
	Neoplasms
		CLASSIFICATION
		PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA (BENIGN MIXED TUMOR)
		CARCINOMA EX PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA
	Early Ca-ex-PA
		CARCINOSARCOMA
		METASTASIZING PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA
		MYOEPITHELIOMA
			Benign Myoepithelioma
			Myoepithelial Carcinoma
		WARTHIN TUMOR (PAPILLARY CYSTADENOMA LYMPHOMATOSUM)
			Typical Type and Nonmetaplastic Variants
			Metaplastic (Infarcted) Variant
		BASAL CELL ADENOMA
		BASAL CELL ADENOCARCINOMA
		CANALICULAR ADENOMA
		ONCOCYTIC LESIONS AND TUMORS
	Non-neoplastic Lesions
			Oncocytic Tumors
		DUCTAL PAPILLOMAS
			Intraductal Papilloma
			Sialadenoma Papilliferum
			Inverted Ductal Papilloma
		MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA
		ACINIC CELL CARCINOMA
		MAMMARY ANALOGUE SECRETORY CARCINOMA (SECRETORY CARCINOMA)
		ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA
		CARCINOMAS COMPOSED OF CLEAR CELLS
	Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma
			Clear Cell Carcinoma
		SALIVARY DUCT CARCINOMA
			Morphological Variants
			Special Stains and IHC
			Salivary Duct Carcinoma In Situ
	Low-Grade Salivary Duct Carcinoma
		UNDIFFERENTIATED CARCINOMAS
			Small Cell Carcinoma
			Large Cell Carcinoma
			Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma
		SEBACEOUS LESIONS
			Sebaceous Adenoma
			Sebaceous and Nonsebaceous Lymphadenoma
			Sebaceous Carcinoma (Sebaceous Adenocarcinoma)
			Sebaceous Lymphadenocarcinoma
			Sebaceous Lesions Associated With Other Salivary Gland Neoplasms
		CYSTADENOMA AND CYSTADENOCARCINOMA
			Cystadenoma
			Cystadenocarcinoma
		PRIMARY SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
		MUCINOUS ADENOCARCINOMA
			Colloid Carcinoma
		ADENOCARCINOMA NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
		PEDIATRIC AND CONGENITAL TUMORS, INCLUDING SIALOBLASTOMA
		METASTASIS TO MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS
		CENTRAL SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS OF THE MAXILLA AND MANDIBLE
		MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS
		HYBRID TUMORS
		MISCELLANEOUS LESIONS
			Giant Cell Tumor
			Keratocystoma
			Sclerosing Microcystic Adenocarcinoma
			Striated Duct Adenoma
			Intercalated Duct Lesions
	Special Techniques
	FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY
	FROZEN-SECTION EXAMINATION
		ADJUNCTIVE MOLECULAR TESTING
7 - Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
	Introduction
	Thyroid Gland
		EMBRYOLOGY
		ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
		PHYSIOLOGY
		C CELLS
		OTHER COMPONENTS OF NORMAL THYROID
		CONGENITAL ANOMALIES
		THYROIDITIS
			Acute Thyroiditis
			Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis
			Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis
			Palpation Thyroiditis
			Hashimoto Thyroiditis
			Fibrous Variant of Hashimoto Thyroiditis
			Fibrous Atrophy Variant of Hashimoto Thyroiditis
			Subacute Lymphocytic (Painless) Thyroiditis
			Focal Lymphocytic Thyroiditis
	Drug-Induced Thyroiditis
	RADIATION-INDUCED THYROID INJURY
		RIEDEL THYROIDITIS
		AMYLOIDOSIS
		HYPERPLASIA OF THE THYROID
			Graves Disease (Diffuse Hyperplasia)
			Goitrous Hypothyroidism and Endemic Goiter
			Dyshormonogenetic Goiter
			Nontoxic Nodular Goiter
		THYROID NODULES AND THYROID CANCER: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
			Diagnostic Approaches
		THYROID CYSTS
		BENIGN TUMORS
			Adenoma Variants
			Treatment of Adenomas
		INDETERMINATE NEOPLASMS
			Hyalinizing Trabecular Tumor
	OTHER ENCAPSULATED FOLLICULAR-PATTERNED THYROID TUMORS
			Tumors of Uncertain Malignant Potential
	Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm With Papillary-like Nuclei
		MALIGNANT TUMORS
			Variants of Papillary Carcinoma
			Follicular Carcinoma
			Hürthle Cell Carcinoma
			Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas
			Anaplastic (Undifferentiated) Thyroid Carcinoma
			Squamous Cell Carcinoma
			Medullary Carcinoma
	Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and C-Cell Hyperplasia
			Mixed Medullary and Follicular Cell Tumors
			Malignant Lymphomas
			Plasmacytoma
			Hodgkin Lymphoma
			Other Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Disorders
			Mesenchymal Tumors
			Unusual Thyroid Tumors
			Secondary Tumors
	Parathyroid Glands
		EMBRYOLOGY
		ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
		HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
		PARATHYROID ADENOMA
		ADENOMA VARIANTS
		PARATHYROID CARCINOMA
		PRIMARY CHIEF CELL HYPERPLASIA
		PRIMARY CLEAR CELL HYPERPLASIA
		SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
		TERTIARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
		SECONDARY TUMORS
		PARATHYROID CYSTS
		HYPOPARATHYROIDISM AND PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM
8 - Bone Lesions
	Benign Bone Tumors
		OSTEOMA
		OSTEOID OSTEOMA
		OSTEOBLASTOMA
	Osteosarcoma
		GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
	Conventional Osteosarcoma
		DEFINITION
			Histologic Subtypes
		OSTEOSARCOMA OF THE HEAD AND NECK
		OSTEOSARCOMA OF THE SKULL
		OSTEOSARCOMA OF THE JAW BONES
		VERTEBRAL OSTEOSARCOMA
	Genetics of Osteosarcoma
	Osteosarcoma Variants
		PAROSTEAL OSTEOSARCOMA
		PERIOSTEAL OSTEOSARCOMA
		EXTRASKELETAL OSTEOSARCOMA
	Benign Cartilaginous Tumors
		CHONDROMA (ENCHONDROMA)
		OSTEOCHONDROMA
		CHONDROBLASTOMA
		CHONDROSARCOMA
		CHONDROSARCOMA OF THE LARYNX
	Chondrosarcoma Variants
		EXTRASKELETAL MYXOID CHONDROSARCOMA
		CHORDOMA
		GENETICS OF CHORDOMA
	Fibroosseous Lesions of the Craniofacial Skeleton
		FIBROUS DYSPLASIA
	Ossifying Fibroma
		CEMENTOOSSIFYING FIBROMA (OSSIFYING FIBROMA OF ODONTOGENIC ORIGIN)
		JUVENILE OSSIFYING FIBROMA
		TRABECULAR JUVENILE OSSIFYING FIBROMA
		PSAMMOMATOID JUVENILE OSSIFYING FIBROMA
		EXTRAGNATHIC ADULT OSSIFYING FIBROMA OF THE SKULL
	Cementoosseous Dysplasia
		PERIAPICAL CEMENTOOSSEOUS DYSPLASIA (PERIAPICAL CEMENTOMA)
		FLORID CEMENTOOSSEOUS DYSPLASIA
		FOCAL CEMENTOOSSEOUS DYSPLASIA
	Giant Cell Lesions of the Craniofacial Skeleton
		GIANT CELL GRANULOMA
		GIANT CELL TUMOR
		ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST
		CHERUBISM
		BROWN TUMOR OF HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
9 - Soft-Tissue Tumors of the Head and Neck
	Introduction
	Staging and Grading of Soft-Tissue Sarcomas of the Head and Neck
	Benign and Reactive Fibroblastic, Fibrohistiocytic, and Myofibroblastic Tumors
		JUVENILE HYALINE FIBROMATOSIS
	NUCHAL FIBROMA/GARDNER SYNDROME–ASSOCIATED FIBROMA
	IMMUNOGLOBULIN G4-RELATED FIBROSCLEROSING LESIONS
		INFANTILE MYOFIBROMATOSIS AND SOLITARY MYOFIBROMA
		NODULAR FASCIITIS AND VARIANTS, PROLIFERATIVE FASCIITIS, AND PROLIFERATIVE MYOSITIS
		EPITHELIOID FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA
		CELLULAR BENIGN FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA
	Fibroblastic and Fibrohistiocytic Tumors of Intermediate (Borderline) Malignancy
		DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS
		GIANT CELL FIBROBLASTOMA
		ANGIOMATOID FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA
		PLEXIFORM FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMOR
		SOFT-TISSUE GIANT CELL TUMOR
	Malignant Fibroblastic, Myofibroblastic, and Fibrohistiocytic Tumors
		ADULT FIBROSARCOMA
		INFANTILE FIBROSARCOMA (CONGENITAL FIBROSARCOMA, AGGRESSIVE INFANTILE FIBROMATOSIS)
		UNDIFFERENTIATED PLEOMORPHIC SARCOMA (MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA, PLEOMORPHIC FIBROSARCOMA) AND MYXOFIBROSARCOMA (MYXOID MAL...
		ATYPICAL FIBROXANTHOMA
	Tumors of Peripheral Nerve
		MUCOSAL NEUROMA
		SOLITARY CIRCUMSCRIBED NEUROMA (PALISADED ENCAPSULATED NEUROMA)
		NEUROFIBROMA
		SCHWANNOMA
		GRANULAR CELL TUMOR
		MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMOR (MPNST)
		PERINEURIAL TUMORS
	Benign Adipocytic Tumors
		HIBERNOMA
		SPINDLE CELL AND PLEOMORPHIC LIPOMA
		LIPOBLASTOMA
	Malignant Adipocytic Neoplasms
	WELL-DIFFERENTIATED LIPOSARCOMA (ATYPICAL LIPOMATOUS TUMOR) AND DEDIFFERENTIATED LIPOSARCOMA
		MYXOID LIPOSARCOMA
	High-Grade Myxoid Liposarcoma (Round Cell Liposarcoma)
		PLEOMORPHIC LIPOSARCOMA
	Benign and Reactive Vascular Tumors
		PYOGENIC GRANULOMA (LOBULAR CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA)
		BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS
		CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA
		EPITHELIOID HEMANGIOMA (ANGIOLYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA WITH EOSINOPHILIA)
	Vascular Tumors of Intermediate (Borderline) Malignancy
		EPITHELIOID SARCOMA–LIKE/ PSEUDOMYOGENIC HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA
		KAPOSIFORM HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA
	DABSKA-TYPE HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA (PAPILLARY INTRALYMPHATIC ANGIOENDOTHELIOMA) AND RETIFORM HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA
		COMPOSITE HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMAS
		EPITHELIOID HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA
	Malignant Vascular Tumors
		KAPOSI SARCOMA
	Tumors With Myogenous Differentiation
		LEIOMYOSARCOMA AND ATYPICAL DERMAL SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS
		RHABDOMYOMATOUS MESENCHYMAL HAMARTOMA
		FETAL RHABDOMYOMA
		ADULT RHABDOMYOMA
		RHABDOMYOSARCOMA
	Miscellaneous Tumors
		SUPERFICIAL ANGIOMYXOMA AND CUTANEOUS MYXOMA
		EPITHELIOID SARCOMA
		ALVEOLAR SOFT PART SARCOMA
		OSSIFYING FIBROMYXOID TUMOR OF SOFT PARTS
		EWING SARCOMA
	EWING-LIKE SARCOMAS
		SYNOVIAL SARCOMA
		PARAGANGLIOMA
		PHOSPHATURIC MESENCHYMAL TUMOR
		SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR
10 - Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors
	Introduction
	Odontogenic Cysts
		DENTIGEROUS CYST (FOLLICULAR CYST)
		ERUPTION CYST (ERUPTION HEMATOMA)
		ODONTOGENIC KERATOCYST (KERATOCYSTIC ODONTOGENIC TUMOR)
		ORTHOKERATINIZED ODONTOGENIC CYST
		GINGIVAL (ALVEOLAR) CYST OF THE NEWBORN (DENTAL LAMINA CYST)
		GINGIVAL CYST OF THE ADULT
		LATERAL PERIODONTAL CYST (BOTRYOID ODONTOGENIC CYST)
		GLANDULAR ODONTOGENIC CYST (SIALO-ODONTOGENIC CYST)
		CALCIFYING ODONTOGENIC CYST (CALCIFYING CYSTIC ODONTOGENIC TUMOR)
		PERIAPICAL CYST (RADICULAR CYST, APICAL PERIODONTAL CYST)
		CARCINOMA ARISING IN ODONTOGENIC CYSTS
	Odontogenic Tumors
		CONVENTIONAL SOLID OR MULTICYSTIC AMELOBLASTOMA
		UNICYSTIC AMELOBLASTOMA
		PERIPHERAL AMELOBLASTOMA
		CALCIFYING EPITHELIAL ODONTOGENIC TUMOR (PINDBORG TUMOR)
		SQUAMOUS ODONTOGENIC TUMOR
		ADENOMATOID ODONTOGENIC TUMOR
			Treatment and Prognosis
	Benign Mixed Epithelial and Mesenchymal Odontogenic Tumors
		AMELOBLASTIC FIBROMA
		AMELOBLASTIC FIBROODONTOMA
		ODONTOMA
		PRIMORDIAL ODONTOGENIC TUMOR
		ODONTOAMELOBLASTOMA
	Benign Mesenchymal Odontogenic Tumors
		CENTRAL ODONTOGENIC FIBROMA
		PERIPHERAL ODONTOGENIC FIBROMA
		GRANULAR CELL ODONTOGENIC TUMOR
		ODONTOGENIC MYXOMA
	Malignant Odontogenic Tumors
		MALIGNANT VARIANTS OF AMELOBLASTOMA
		METASTASIZING (MALIGNANT) AMELOBLASTOMA
		AMELOBLASTIC CARCINOMA
		PRIMARY INTRAOSSEOUS SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
		CLEAR CELL ODONTOGENIC CARCINOMA
		INTRAOSSEOUS MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA
		AMELOBLASTIC FIBROSARCOMA
11 - Cysts of the Neck, Unknown Primary Tumor, and Neck Dissection
	Anatomy
		TRIANGLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
		LYMPHATIC REGIONS OF THE NECK
	Cysts of the Neck
		DEVELOPMENTAL CYSTS
			Branchial Cleft Cysts, Sinuses, and Fistulas
			Congenital Midline Cervical Cleft
			Branchiogenic Carcinoma
			Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
			Cervical Thymic Cyst
			Cervical Bronchial Cyst
			Parathyroid Cysts
			Dermoid Cyst
		NONDEVELOPMENTAL CYSTS
			Ranula
			Plunging or Cervical Ranula
			Laryngocele
			Cervical Thoracic Duct Cyst
		CYSTIC NEOPLASMS
			Cystic Hygroma and Lymphangioma (Lymphatic Malformations)
			Hemangioma
			Teratoma
			Paragangliomas
			Carotid Body Paraganglioma
			Intravagal Paraganglioma
			Ectopic Cervical Salivary Gland Neoplasms and Cysts
			Ectopic Cervical Thymic Tumors
			Miscellaneous Lesions
	Unknown Primary Tumor
	Neck Dissection
		CERVICAL LYMPH NODE GROUPS
			Lymph Node Group Boundaries
		CLASSIFICATION
		GROSS EXAMINATION OF SPECIMENS
		MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION AND DETERMINANTS OF PROGNOSIS
		INAPPARENT METASTASES
		SENTINEL LYMPH NODE
	Lymph Node Ratio (Density)
	The Number of Positive Lymph Nodes
12 - Ear: External, Middle, and Temporal Bone
	Introduction
	External Ear
		LUMPS AND BUMPS
			Congenital Developmental Anomalies
		INFLAMMATORY LESIONS
			Chondrodermatitis Helicis (Nodularis)
			Amyloidosis
			Pernio (Chilblains)
			Gout
			Perichondritis
			Relapsing Polychondritis
		NEOPLASMS
			Basal Cell Carcinoma
			Squamous Cell Carcinoma
			Malignant Melanoma
			Dermatofibroma (Fibrous Histiocytoma)
			Nodular Fasciitis
			Myxoma (Carney Complex)
			Merkel Cell Carcinoma (Cutaneous Neuroendocrine Carcinoma)
			Mucinous (Colloid) Carcinoma
	Kaposi Sarcoma and Bacillary Angiomatosis-Peliosis (Bartonellosis)
			Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia With Eosinophilia (Epithelioid Hemangioma), Kimura Disease
			Cartilaginous Neoplasms
	External Auditory Canal
		KERATOSIS OBTURANS
		EXTERNAL EAR CANAL CHOLESTEATOMA
		FOREIGN BODIES, TRAUMA, OTITIS EXTERNA
		NEOPLASMS
			Ceruminoma
			Carcinoma of Ceruminous Gland Origin
			Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
	High-Grade Adenocarcinoma
			Bone Tumors
			Neural Tumors
			Miscellaneous Other Tumors
	Middle Ear
		CONGENITAL ANOMALIES AND CHORISTOMA
			Congenital Ectopia
		CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA
			Cholesteatoma
			Otitis Media in Adults
		MALAKOPLAKIA
		MYOSPHERULOSIS
		GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS AND RELATED VASCULITIDES
		IDIOPATHIC HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME
		OTOSCLEROSIS
		NEOPLASMS OF THE MIDDLE EAR AND TEMPORAL BONE
			Inverted Squamous Papilloma
			Paraganglioma
			Glandular Neoplasms
			Aggressive Papillary Middle Ear Tumor
			Rhabdomyosarcoma
			Melanoma
			Other Neoplasms
			Langerhans (Dendritic) Cell Histiocytosis
			Treatment and Prognosis
	Inner Ear and Temporal Bone
		METASTATIC AND OTHER RARE TUMORS
		TUMORS OF THE INTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL AND CEREBELLOPONTINE ANGLE
			Meningioma and Lipoma
			Meniere Disease or Labyrinthitis
			Squamous Cell Carcinoma
			Middle Ear Adenoma/Carcinoid Tumor/Neuroendocrine Adenoma
	Endolymphatic Sac Tumor/von Hippel-Lindau Disease
13 - Benign and Malignant Hematopoietic Diseases of the Head and Neck
	Introduction
	Benign Lesions
		INFECTIOUS CAUSES OF LYMPHADENITIS OR EXTRANODAL LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA
			Infectious Mononucleosis
			Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
			Cat Scratch Disease
			Toxoplasma Lymphadenitis
		LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA NOT ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIFIC INFECTIOUS AGENTS
	Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease (Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis)
	Rosai-Dorfman Disease (Sinus Histiocytosis With Massive Lymphadenopathy)
			Kimura Disease
			Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia With Eosinophilia (Epithelioid Hemangioma)
			Lymphoepithelial Sialadenitis (Myoepithelial Sialadenitis, Mikulicz Disease)
	Simple Lymphoepithelial Cyst and HIV-Associated Benign Lymphoepithelial Lesions
			Inflammatory Pseudotumor
			Dermatopathic Lymphadenopathy
			Infarction
	IgG4-Related Lymphadenopathy
	Malignant Lesions
	CLASSIFICATION OF NON-HODGKIN AND HODGKIN LYMPHOMAS
		LYMPHOMAS ARSING AT SPECIFIC HEAD AND NECK SITES
			Waldeyer Ring
			Ocular Adnexal Structures
			Salivary Glands
			Thyroid Gland
		UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
			Oral Cavity
			Larynx
			Ears
			Cutaneous Lymphomas
		SPECIFIC ENTITIES THAT COMMONLY INVOLVE THE HEAD AND NECK
	Extranodal Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma (MALT Lymphoma)
	Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type
			Burkitt Lymphoma
	High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma
			Plasmablastic Lymphoma
			Extramedullary Plasmacytoma
			Myeloid Sarcoma
			Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm
			Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
			Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma
14 - Cutaneous Tumors and Pseudotumors of the Head and Neck
	Introduction
	Cutaneous Epithelial Neoplasms of the Head and Neck
		BENIGN SKIN TUMORS OF SURFACE EPITHELIAL COMPONENTS
		MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS OF SURFACE EPITHELIAL COMPONENTS
			Basal Cell Carcinoma
			Squamous Cell Carcinoma
				Special Pathologic Studies
			Merkel Cell Carcinoma (Primary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Skin)
				Special Pathologic Studies
	Adnexal Neoplasms
		BENIGN TUMORS OF SWEAT GLAND ORIGIN
		MALIGNANT SWEAT GLAND TUMORS
		THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS
		BENIGN PILOSEBACEOUS NEOPLASMS
		MALIGNANT PILOSEBACEOUS NEOPLASMS
	Mesenchymal Tumors and Pseudotumors (Also See Ch.9)
		GENERAL CLINICAL FEATURES
		PREDISPOSING CONDITIONS
		IMMUNOHISTOLOGIC FINDINGS IN CUTANEOUS MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS
	Specific Findings in Cutaneous Mesenchymal Tumors and Pseudotumors
		Fibrous Papule
			Angiofibroma (Adenoma Sebaceum of Pringle)
			Myofibroblastic Proliferations
			Glomus Tumors
			Rhabdomyomas and Rhabdomyomatous Mesenchymal Hamartoma
			Benign Vascular (Endothelial) Neoplasms
		BENIGN NEURAL TUMORS
			Neuromas and Ganglioneuromas
			Neurofibromas
			Schwannomas (Neurilemmomas)
			Neurothekeomas
			Granular Cell Tumors
		BENIGN TUMORS OF ADIPOSE TISSUE
			Lipomas
			Hibernomas
		BENIGN FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS
			Dermatofibromas
			Recurring (Atypical) Fibrous Histiocytomas
		OTHER BENIGN NEOPLASMS
			Myxomas and Angiomyxomas
			Solitary Fibrous Tumors
	Biologically Borderline Cutaneous Mesenchymal Tumors
		BORDERLINE ENDOTHELIAL TUMORS
			Papillary Endovascular Angioendotheliomas (Dabska Tumors)
			Epithelioid Hemangioendotheliomas
			Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma
			Retiform Hemangioendothelioma
		BORDERLINE FIBROHISTIOCYTIC NEOPLASMS
			Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
			Giant Cell Fibroblastoma and Giant Cell Angiofibroma
			Plexiform Fibrous Histiocytomas
			Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma
	Overtly Malignant Mesenchymal Neoplasms
		SMALL CELL MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
		SPINDLE CELL NEOPLASMS
			Leiomyosarcoma
			Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
			Kaposi Sarcoma
	Epithelioid (Polygonal Cell) Neoplasms
		EPITHELIOID LEIOMYOSARCOMA
		EPITHELIOID MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS
		MALIGNANT GRANULAR CELL TUMORS
		MALIGNANT RHABDOID TUMOR OF THE SKIN
		ANGIOSARCOMA
	Pleomorphic Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors of the Skin
		ATYPICAL FIBROXANTHOMA AND PLEOMORPHIC DERMAL SARCOMA
		SUMMARY OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL FINDINGS IN MALIGNANT MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS OF THE SKIN
	Pseudoneoplastic Cutaneous Mesenchymal Proliferations
		NODULAR FASCIITIS/POSTTRAUMATIC SPINDLE CELL NODULE
		KELOIDS AND HYPERTROPHIC SCARS
		INFLAMMATORY PSEUDOTUMORS OF THE SKIN
		MALFORMATIONS
		LESIONS THAT SIMULATE KAPOSI SARCOMA
		POTENTIAL SIMULATORS OF ANGIOSARCOMA
	Cutaneous Lymphoid Lesions of the Head and Neck
	Melanocytic Proliferations
		CONVENTIONAL MELANOCYTIC LESIONS
		GIANT CONGENITAL NEVI
		BLUE NEVI
		NEVI OF OTA AND ITO
		DEEP PENETRATING NEVI
		SPITZ (SPINDLED AND EPITHELIOID CELL) NEVI
		INCOMPLETELY EXCISED NEVI
		ARCHITECTURALLY DISORDERED NEVI AND OTHER ATYPICAL MELANOCYTIC PROLIFERATIONS
		MALIGNANT MELANOMAS OF THE HEAD AND NECK
			Lentiginous Melanoma In Situ and Invasive Lentiginous Melanoma
	Desmoplastic-Neuroid Malignant Melanoma
			Nevoid Melanomas
15 - Pathology of the Conjunctiva, Orbit, Lacrimal Gland, and Intraocular Tumors
	Benign and Malignant Conjunctival Pathology
	Section Outline
	Normal Histology of the Conjunctiva and Caruncle
	Epithelial Lesions of the Conjunctiva
		Squamous Papilloma
			Immunohistochemistry and In Situ Hybridization
		Conjunctival Intraepithelial Neoplasia
		Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Conjunctiva
		Mucoepidermoid (Adenosquamous) Carcinoma
		Intraepithelial Sebaceous Carcinoma
	Subepithelial Conjunctival Lesions
		Pinguecula and Pterygium
			Pinguecula
			Pterygium
		Chalazion
		Conjunctival Cysts and Choristomas
			Conjunctival Inclusion Cysts
			Accessory Lacrimal Gland Cysts (Dacryops)
			Conjunctival Choristomas
		Vascular Lesions
			Acquired Lobular Capillary Hemangioma, Pyogenic Granuloma Type
			Capillary and Cavernous Hemangioma
			Lymphangiectasia and Lymphangioma
		Miscellaneous Lesions
	Pigmented Lesions of the Conjunctiva
	Complexion-Associated Melanosis or Racial Melanosis
		Conjunctival Nevi
		Primary Acquired Melanosis
		Conjunctival Melanoma
		Conjunctival Lymphoma
	Caruncle Lesions
		Oncocytoma
		Pathologic Features
	Orbital and Lacrimal Gland Pathology
	Section Outline
	Normal Anatomy and Histology of the Orbit, Lacrimal Gland, and Drainage System
	Orbital Inflammatory Lesions
		Cellulitis
	Thyroid-Related Orbitopathy, Graves Orbitopathy
			Idiopathic Orbital Inflammatory Disease (Pseudotumor)
	Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease
			Sarcoidosis
			Orbital Amyloidosis
		Other Orbital Pathologies
	Orbital Vascular Lesions
		Cavernous Hemangioma (Venous Malformation)
		Capillary Hemangioma (Infantile Hemangioma)
	Lymphangioma (No-Flow Vascular Malformation)
	Orbital Tumors
		Dermoid Cyst
		Soft Tissue Tumors
			Rhabdomyosarcoma
			Solitary Fibrous Tumor
			Orbital Fat Prolapse
			Other Tumors
		Orbital Lymphoproliferative Lesions
			MALT Lymphoma
			Follicular Lymphoma
	Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
			Other Lymphoproliferative Tumors
	Lacrimal Gland and Lacrimal Apparatus
		Dacryoadenitis
			Dacryocystitis
		Lacrimal Gland Tumors
			Benign Tumors
			Malignant Tumors
			Other Tumors
		Lacrimal Sac Tumors
	Orbital Metastasis
	Intraocular Tumors
	Normal Eye Histology
	Metastatic Tumors
		Uveal Malignant Melanoma
		Retinoblastoma
Guidelines for the Dissection of Head and Neck Specimens
Index
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	M
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IBC