Globalization of Mobile and Wireless Communications: Today and in 2020

19.1.2 Scenarios and Examples for Beyond 2020......Page 3
Subject Index......Page 7
  19.2.2 Context Description and Semantics......Page 9
  19.2.3 Appliance of Context Management Systems for the Global Business......Page 11
  Professor Dr. Ramjee Prasad......Page 12
  Dr. Tero Ojanperä......Page 13
 References......Page 15
  19.4.2 Adaptive Personalization......Page 19
Cover......Page 1
 20.2 Source of the Problem......Page 2
Globalization of Mobile andWireless Communications:Today and in 2020......Page 4
 20.3 Phase Lock Loop, Timing Recovery......Page 5
 Acknowledgments......Page 10
 Preface......Page 8
 19.2 Context Management Systems......Page 6
  Dr. Richard van Nee......Page 14
 Contents......Page 16
  19.4.1 Static Personalization......Page 18
 Abbreviations......Page 20
 19.5 Conclusion and Outlook......Page 21
  19.3.3 The Business Aspects on Quality of Context......Page 17
 References......Page 22
 References......Page 23
 1.1 Introduction......Page 24
 1.2 Mobile Devices......Page 25
 1.5 Sensors and Machines Become a Catalyst......Page 26
 1.6 A Look to the Future......Page 27
 1.7 Brief Overview of the Book......Page 28
  2.1.1 Nokia Siemens Networks......Page 32
  2.1.3 AT&T – Cingular......Page 33
  2.1.6 SONY – Ericsson......Page 34
  2.1.7 International Telecommunication Union – ITU......Page 35
 2.3 Aspects of Globalization......Page 36
 2.4 Network Sharing......Page 38
 References......Page 41
 3.1 Introduction......Page 42
 3.2 Globalization of Mobile Communications: GSM and WLAN......Page 43
  3.2.1 The GSM Case......Page 44
  3.2.2 Meanwhile, WLAN Has Conquered the World…......Page 45
 3.4 The World Is Not Online Yet…......Page 49
  3.4.1 Africa Is Catching Up......Page 50
 3.5 Conclusion......Page 51
 4.1 Introduction......Page 53
  4.2.2 The Second Generation (2G) Mobile Phones......Page 54
  4.2.4 The Third Generation (3G) Mobile Phones [4]......Page 55
  4.2.5 The Fourth Generation (4G) Mobile System [5]......Page 56
   4.2.6.2 WiMAX......Page 57
   4.2.6.4 VSAT......Page 58
  4.3.2 The Growth Stimulant......Page 59
  4.3.5 Mobile Network in Africa......Page 60
  4.3.6 Wireless Internet [5]......Page 63
 4.4 The Impact of Globalization to Africa......Page 65
 References......Page 66
 5.1 Introduction......Page 68
 5.2 The History and Evolution of the Mobile and Wireless Communication Business Models......Page 69
  5.2.1 Towards an Understanding of the Mobile and Wireless Communication ‘Business’ Model 2010 – from “As is Business Models”......Page 71
  5.2.2 Definition of the ‘Business Model’ Concept......Page 73
  5.2.3 Components of 2020 Business Models......Page 75
  5.2.4 Is the Mobile and Wireless Communication Business Model New?......Page 76
  5.2.5 Levels of Mobile and Wireless Communication Business Model Change......Page 78
  5.2.6 Open Mobile and Wireless CommunicationBusiness Model......Page 79
 5.3 Mobile and Wireless Communication as a Key Enabler to New Business Models......Page 80
 5.4 Mobile and Wireless Communication a Move Toward a Process Enable New Business Models......Page 81
 5.5 Discussion......Page 82
  5.5.1 Building a Process to Mobile and WirelessCommunication Multi Business Model Innovation......Page 83
  5.7.1 Future Thinking is also About Network-Based Mobile and Wireless Communication Business Model Platforms......Page 85
 5.8 Conclusions......Page 87
 References......Page 88
 6.1 Introduction......Page 91
 6.2 Assumptions......Page 92
  6.3.1 Security/Privacy Services......Page 93
  6.3.2 Trust Relationships......Page 94
  6.3.3 Intruder Models......Page 95
  6.3.4 Cryptographic Primitives and Key Sizes......Page 96
  6.3.5 Near Future Options......Page 97
   6.4.2.2 Cryptography......Page 98
  6.4.5 Problems with NMT450......Page 99
   6.5.2.1 Cryptography......Page 100
  6.6.1 Maturing 3G (UMTS), Extensions to Provide 4G (LTE/SAE) Being Defined......Page 101
  6.6.3 Trust in the UMTS Ecosystem......Page 102
  6.6.4 The Intruder Today......Page 103
  6.7.2 Trust in a Beyond 2020 Perspective......Page 104
  6.7.3 The Intruder in a Beyond 2020 Scenario......Page 105
  6.7.4 Cryptographic Tools and Security Services in 2020 and Beyond......Page 106
 6.8 Conclusions......Page 107
 References......Page 108
 7.1 Introduction......Page 110
 7.2 Globalization of Wireless and Mobile Communications......Page 111
 7.3 Globalization of Internet......Page 113
  7.4.1 Driving Forces......Page 114
  7.5.1 Denial of Service Attacks......Page 115
  7.5.4 Privacy Threats......Page 116
  7.6.1 Authentication Against Impersonation......Page 117
  7.6.4 Anonymity for Privacy......Page 118
  7.6.6 Trust......Page 119
 8.1 Introduction......Page 121
 8.2 IEEE 802.11n......Page 122
 8.3 Preambles......Page 125
 8.4 802.11n Transmitter......Page 127
 8.5 LDPC Coding......Page 129
 8.6 Space Time Block Coding......Page 130
 8.7 Beamforming......Page 131
 8.9 Use of 40 MHz Channels......Page 132
 8.10 MIMO-OFDM Performance Results......Page 133
 8.11 Conclusions......Page 135
 References......Page 136
 9.1 Introduction......Page 137
 9.2 Wireless Access Systems in Year 2020......Page 138
 9.3 Radio Resource Management (RRM) in Year 2020......Page 140
 9.4 QoS Support in Wireless Access Systems in Year 2020......Page 143
 References......Page 145
 10.1 Introduction: The Constrained Wireless Evolution......Page 147
  10.2.1 Linear and Non-linear Wireless Changes......Page 150
  10.2.2 Clean-Slate Design is a Non-linear Change with a Very-Long-Term Impact......Page 152
 10.3 Interference and the Future Regulations......Page 153
  10.3.1 Network-Centered Rules to Access the Spectrum Commons......Page 155
  10.3.2 Interference is Not Noise......Page 156
  10.3.3 Interference as a Currency......Page 159
 10.5 Conclusions......Page 160
 References......Page 161
 11.1 Introduction......Page 162
 11.2 CDMA-OFDM Battle: Single Carrier with FDE as a Compromise......Page 163
  11.2.1 Novel Multicode-CDMA Scheme with FDE......Page 164
  11.2.2 OFDMA as an Instance of the Multicode CDMA Scheme with FDE......Page 166
  11.2.3 IFDMA as an Instance of the Multicode CDMA Scheme with FDE......Page 169
 11.3 Path Towards 4G and… Beyond?......Page 170
  11.3.1 A Myth: OFDM Is More Flexible than CDMA......Page 171
  11.3.2 Cognitive Radio and Millimeter Waves Communications......Page 172
 References......Page 173
 12.1 Introduction......Page 175
 12.2 Challenges in Next Generation Networks......Page 176
 12.3 Cognitive Radio: The Last Frontier of Spectrum Exploitation......Page 178
 12.4 Open Issues in CR Technologies......Page 179
  12.5.1 Cognitive Radio Model......Page 180
   12.5.2.1 Fully Terrestrial Context......Page 183
   12.5.2.2 Channel Model......Page 184
   12.5.2.3 Mixed Terrestrial/Satellite Context......Page 185
   12.5.3.1 Fully Terrestrial Context......Page 186
   12.5.3.2 Mixed Terrestrial/Satellite Context......Page 188
 12.6 How Game Theory Can Help Cognitive Radio......Page 190
  12.6.1 Basic Elements and Different Types of Games......Page 192
  12.6.2 Example of Application to Telecommunications......Page 194
 12.7 Conclusions and Trends......Page 196
 References......Page 197
 13.1 Introduction......Page 200
  13.2.1 Towards the “Real” 4G: IMT-Advanced......Page 202
  13.2.2 CR from PHY Point of View......Page 203
  13.3.1 Classification......Page 204
  13.3.2 FSU......Page 207
  13.4.1 Dynamic Radio Range......Page 208
  13.5.1 Application of Machine Learning......Page 209
  13.5.2 Combination of MIMO and Spectrum Pooling......Page 210
  13.5.3 Policies......Page 211
 13.6 Cognitive Radios in Beyond 2020......Page 212
 References......Page 214
 14.1 Introduction......Page 217
 14.2 Telecom Scenario of India......Page 219
 14.3 Auction Theory......Page 223
 14.4 Prasad Auction Method......Page 225
 14.5 Cellular Spectrum Slot Auction......Page 226
  14.5.1 Open Incremental Method......Page 228
  14.5.2 Single Sealed Bid Auction Method......Page 229
 14.6 Implementation Issues......Page 230
 14.7 Extensions and Future Auctions......Page 231
 References......Page 233
 15.1 Introduction......Page 236
 15.2 Wavelets and Their Applications......Page 237
  15.3.1 Semi-arbitrary Division of the Signal Spaceand Multi-rate Systems......Page 239
  15.3.6 Power Conservation......Page 240
 15.5 Objectives of the Wavelet Radio......Page 241
  15.6.1 Spectrum Estimation – Gauge the Radio Spectrum Scenario and Perform Radio Scene Analysis......Page 242
  15.6.3 System Reconfiguration......Page 244
 15.7 Challenges in the Development of Wavelet Radio......Page 245
 15.8 Conclusion......Page 246
 16.1 Introduction......Page 249
 16.2 Data Fusion and Filtering......Page 251
  16.2.1 Non-Cooperative Approach......Page 252
  16.3.1 Mobile WiMAX Localization......Page 253
  16.3.2 Hybrid Mobile WiMAX/WiFi Localization......Page 256
 References......Page 257
 17.1 Introduction......Page 260
 17.2 Harvester and Storage Models......Page 261
   17.2.1.1 Rechargeable Battery......Page 262
   17.2.1.2 Supercapacitor......Page 263
   17.2.1.3 Hybrid Energy Storage Systems......Page 264
  17.2.2 Energy Transducers......Page 265
  17.2.3 MPP Tracking......Page 266
  17.3.1 Processor......Page 269
  17.3.2 Transceiver......Page 270
  17.3.3 Sensor Device......Page 273
 17.5 Routing Protocols for EHWSNs......Page 274
   17.5.1.1 Multi-Hop-Based Schemes......Page 275
    Duty-Cycle-Aware Routing Protocols for EHWSNs......Page 276
    Communication Using Hybrid Energy Storage System (CHESS)......Page 277
   17.5.1.2 Cluster-Based Two-Tier Architecture......Page 279
 17.6 Conclusion......Page 280
 18.1 Introduction......Page 286
 18.2 Coherent Transmission System......Page 288
 18.3 Optimal Weights Derivation......Page 289
 18.4 Numerical Results......Page 292
 18.6 A Realization Scenario for Coherent Transmission......Page 296
 18.7 Conclusions......Page 297
 19.1 Introduction......Page 298
  19.1.1 Context Information and Context Awareness......Page 299
  19.1.2 Scenarios and Examples for Beyond 2020......Page 300
  19.1.3 Other Typical Examples of Context Information Types......Page 301
  19.1.4 Increasing Competitiveness by Developing Intelligent Software......Page 302
 19.2 Context Management Systems......Page 303
  19.2.1 A Concrete Example of Context Management System for Personal Networks......Page 304
  19.2.2 Context Description and Semantics......Page 306
  19.2.3 Appliance of Context Management Systems for the Global Business......Page 308
 19.3 Managing Distributed and Dynamic Context Information......Page 309
   19.3.1.2 Timing Synchronization......Page 310
   19.3.1.4 Inferred Context Information......Page 311
  19.3.2 Dealing with Unreliable Information......Page 312
  19.3.3 The Business Aspects on Quality of Context......Page 314
  19.4.1 Static Personalization......Page 315
  19.4.2 Adaptive Personalization......Page 316
  19.4.3 Optimistic Versus Pessimistic Systems......Page 317
 19.5 Conclusion and Outlook......Page 318
 References......Page 319
 20.1 Introduction......Page 322
 20.2 Source of the Problem......Page 323
 20.3 Phase Lock Loop, Timing Recovery......Page 326
 20.4 Phase Lock Loop, Phase Recovery......Page 329
 20.5 Phase Lock Loop, Frequency Recovery......Page 333
 20.6 Conclusions......Page 334
 References......Page 336
Author Index......Page 337
Subject Index......Page 343