Global Sociology (Third Edition)

Global Sociology - Robin Cohen.pdf
	Cover
	Contents
	List of figures
	List of tables
	List of boxes
	Global thinkers
	About the authors
	Tour of the book
	Authors' acknowledgements
	Publisher's acknowledgements
	Abbreviations and acronyms
	Introduction
		Recent global changes
			The shift in economic and political power
			Global warming and climate change
			Increasing inequality both within and between societies
			The trend towards individualization
			The worldwide recession
			Social protest and the audacity of hope
			The Arab Spring
		Sociology's contribution to understanding global issues
		The organization of this book
			Interpretations
			Divisions and inequalities
			Experiences
			Dynamics and challenges
	Part 1 Interpretations
		1 The making of global sociology
			Key starting points in sociology
				Sociology as science
				Sociology as the comparative study of social life and society
				Sociology as imaginative understanding
				Sociology and the search for knowledge
				Sociology as critique and its public responsibility
			Some milestones in the history of sociology
			The global turn in sociological thinking
				Trying to break away from national orientations
				Post-1945: widening windows on a more complex world
			Theories of uneven development
				The new international division of labour
			An age of uncertainties but also opportunities
				Uncertainty as a space to shape the future
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
		2 Thinking globally
			Globalization: key concepts
				Deterritorialization: changing concepts of time and space
				Increased cultural interaction: flows and scapes
				Glocalization processes
				The power of worldwide networking
				Increasing global mobilities and complexities
			Key agents of globalization: transnational actors
				Transnational corporations ( TNCs)
				International governmental organizations (IGOs)
				International nongovernmental organizations (INGOs)
				Global social movements (GSMs)
				Diasporas and stateless people
				Other transnational actors
			The impact of globalization
				All roads lead to increasing interconnectivities
				The commonality of problems
			Globality: a new phenomenon
				Thinking about ourselves collectively
				Growth of multicultural and transnational awareness
				Reflexive social actors and modernity
				The broadening of identities: towards cosmopolitanism
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
		3 Modernity and the evolution of world society
			Premodern forms of globalization
			Capitalist modernity: European foundations
				The nation-state system
				European Enlightenment thought
				Marx's analysis of capitalism
				The growth of rationality
				The onset of European colonialism
			From 1945 to the 1980s: the era of US dominance
				The Bretton Woods financial system
				Third World decolonization
				The onset of the Cold War
				A 'golden age' of economic growth and Keynesian economic policies
			Key changes since 1989
				The collapse of the USSR: an era of worldwide capitalism
				US economic and financial policies: shoring up its hegemonic power
				A bipolar or multipolar world
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
		4 Work, production and finance
			The Fordist regime of accumulation
				The rise of mass production and consumption
				The management of Fordist industry
			The crisis of Fordism and decline of the 'golden age'
				Worker dissatisfaction and more discerning postmodern consumers
				The turn to neoliberal economics
				Japanization: a more competitive world economy and flexible labour
				'Flexible' labour and Western deindustrialization
			Parallel transformations
				The shift to service jobs and the symbolic or knowledge economy
				The revolution in ICTs
				The dramatic movement of women into the workforce
			Growing world competition and the rise of the BRIC countries
				Chinese manufactured exports
				India's world-class service economy
			The financialization of the global economy since the 1990s
				The trajectory of financialization: risk
			Endgame 2007–10: the bursting financial bubble and its impact
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
		5 Political sociology: changing nation-states
			Sociology, nation-states and the international system
				Classical sociology and social change
				Universalism and nationalism
			Citizenship: entitlements and obligations
			Sociology, nation-states and interstate relations
				Putting ‘society’ back into national and global politics
				The feminist reassessment
			Bush and Obama: from imperialism to multilateralism?
				The assertion of hegemonic power, 2001–09
				Obama’s USA: a return to multilateralism?
			Does globalization mean the decline of the nation-state?
				Clarifying the terms of the discussion
				Economic autonomy
			The continuing need for effective nation-states
				Intrastate and interstate conflicts
				Nation-states: variations in global influence
				States in transformation: an urgent need for collaboration
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
	Part 2 Divisions and inequalities
		6 Global inequalities: debates and case studies
			Globalization and poverty
				Is global poverty in retreat?
				Recent re-evaluations
				Multidimensional poverty Index
			Famine victims: how famine arises
				Food insecurity
			Workers in the deindustrializing countries
				Declining permanent jobs and stark alternatives
				Potential reactions: sink estates and right-wing populism
			Peasants and landless labourers
				The peasantry and the disruption of the rural world
			The urban poor: megacities and slum dwellers
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
		7 Class, income and wealth
			Class in the era of nationally based capitalism
				Slavery
				Caste
				Class and national capitalisms
				Marxist and neo-Marxist notions of class
				Weberian views of class
				Class models based on work and occupation
				Cultural practices and class identities, positions and opportunities
			Recent evidence of rising global inequality
				Inequality within nations
				Growing global inequality since 1980
				The super-rich and average wage earners: comparisons
			The shift from national to global classes
				A world proletariat competing for jobs
				Geopolitical transformations
				Precarious workers
				Predatory capital
				A mobile transnational capitalist class
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
		8 Gender and sexualities
			Gender hierarchies, patriarchy and women's subordination
				The engendering of femininity and masculinity
				The gender hierarchy and female subordination
				Patriarchal societies and patriarchal relations
				From private to public forms of patriarchy
			Women and economic globalization
				Women's move into the global workforce
				Protecting homeworkers
				Women and global care chains
			A worldwide feminist movement: confronting patriarchy
				The constraints on women's movements
				Growth of the worldwide movement
			The global gay movement: challenging homophobia
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
		9 Race, ethnicity and intersectionality
			Race and colonialism
			Race and ethnicity: challenging myths
				Evaluating biological notions of 'race'
				Sociological notions of race
				Ethnicity
			Urban nightmares and racial divisions
				Young second-generation urban migrants: coping through music
				Territory, belonging and music in Sweden: a case study
			Intersectionality: gender/race/class interactions
			Some underexposed forms of social inequality
				Religious affliation
				Disability and 'mobility rights'
				Civic status
				Age
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
		10 Corporate power and social responsibility
			Origins and characteristics of TNCs
				Characteristics
				Definition
			TNCs as globalizing and internationalizing agents
				TNCs as globalizing agents
				International, but not global, agents
			The increased power of financial corporations
			TNCs and nation-states: comparative economic weighting
			Exporting lifestyles: the case of tobacco
			Working for TNCs
				Working in export-processing zones
				Global supply chains: the role of the supermarkets
			Opposing TNC power
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
		11 Crime, terrorism and violence
			Crime watch
				Defining and measuring crime and deviance
				Social control in sociological theory
				Murder most foul
			Globalization and crime
				Explaining the growth of global crime
			Drugs: demand and supply
			White-collar crime
				Corporate crime
			Understanding terrorism today
				Origins and definitions
				Characteristics and wider implications of nongovernment terrorism
				Globalization, states and nongovernment terrorism
			Women, violence and health
				States, war and violence against women
				Women, health and domestic violence: comparisons
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
	Part 3 Experiences
		12 Population and migration
			The fear of overpopulation
			Understanding population growth
			The world's population: cause for concern?
			Where do they all go? Urbanization and internal migration
			The globalization of migration
			The changing character of international migration since the 1980s
				Refugees: changing pressures
				Undocumented workers
				Women migrants
			Transnational migration and 'salad bowl' host societies
				Some reasons for transnationalism
				The complex character of transnationalism
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
		13 Globalization, families and social change
			The sociology of the family
			The transformation of intimacy
			The meanings of 'family'
			Comparative family studies
				United Kingdom
				New fatherhood
				Japan
				Japanese fathers
				Comparative family studies and global sociology
			Globalization and intimacy
				Technology as facilitator of global intimacy
			Globalization and new relationships
			The commodification of intimacy
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
		14 Consuming culture
			Consumerism and everyday life
			The meaning of consumerism
			A critical pessimistic scenario: consumers as dopes
				Commodity fetishism
				Mass consumption
				Signifying culture
				Depthlessness
				Fantasy becomes reality
				The global consumption of nothing
			An optimistic scenario: consumers as creative heroes
				Product differentiation
				Advertising and its limitations
				The social sieve
				Consumption as life enhancing
				Consumer creativity
			Towards a homogeneous, Americanized global culture?
				The experienced consumer
				Diversity within the homogenizing states
				The survival of local cultures
				Reverse cultural flows
			Shaping global culture: the role of the local
				Indigenization
				Reinvention and rediscovery
				Creolization
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
		15 Lifestyle and leisure
			The scope of international tourism
				Growth and regional distribution of international tourism
				Underpinning the global economy and globality
			Contrasting tourist styles
			Selling national ethnic cultures and its possible consequences
				Exposure to outside influences
				The need to reinvent traditions
				The loss of authenticity both for locals and visitors
			Sport in a global age
				Sport as a mainstream leisure activity
				Sport and national competition
				Crossing borders: sport as a powerful globalizing entity
			Leisure, lifestyle, the body and sport
				Global achievement sport and modern body culture
				The transition to modern sports culture in Kenya
			Key effects of the commercialized global sports industry
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
		16 Media and the digital age
			What are 'the media'?
			Corporate ownership of the media
			Telecommunications
			The computer and the internet
				The internet: a positive assessment
				Some disadvantages of the internet
			The rise of the informational society
			Informational society: social effects
				Negative e.ects of TV viewing
				Consumerism
				Media domination and identities
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
		17 Global religion
			Early sociologists and religion: Comte and Marx
			Understanding religious expression: ritual, totem and taboo
				Rituals
				Totem
				Taboo
			Religion and capitalism
			The secularization thesis
			Challenges to the secularization thesis: religiosity thrives
				Religious survival in the West
				The worldwide growth of new religious movements (NRMs)
				The globalization of religion
			The 'threat' from Islam
				The complexity of Islam
				The West's invasion of 'Muslim lands'
				Can the West live with Islam?
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
		18 Urban life
			The colonial city
			The industrial city and the Chicago School
			An increasingly urban future
			The notion of a global city
			Some key characteristics of global cities
				Inward migration
				Changes in the occupational structure
				The feminization of employment
				Regionalization and the global city
				Los Angeles: the fragmented mega-urban region
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
	Part 4 Dynamics and challenges
		19 Global civil society and political activism
			What is global civil society?
				The need for global and not just national civil society
			Forging global civil society: INGOs and parallel summits
				International nongovernmental organizations (INGOs)
				Parallel summits
			Global social movements
				The changing nature of social movements since the 1960s
			Why have some social movements become globalized?
				Changes in consciousness: towards global thinking
				Changes in communications technology
			The Global Justice Movement: a case study
			Global communications and the social media: the Arab Spring
				The role of the social media
				Other forms of mobilization
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
		20 Towards a safe global environment
			Transboundary environmental problems
			The evidence for global warming and climate change
			Global warming and energy security
				Oil and energy security
				Oil and global transport
				When will oil peak?
				Future rising oil prices
				The scramble for oil and geopolitical tensions
				Twin risks: climate change and energy security
			Technology and lifestyle solutions to global warming
				Clean up current energy sources
				Reduce power/energy needs
				Develop renewable energy sources
				Adopt a low carbon economy and a less materialistic lifestyle
			The changing environmental movement
				North–South differences over tackling greenhouse gas emissions
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
		21 Identities and belonging
			Confronting the local and the global: key influences
			The resilient local as a continuing source of belonging
				Ethnicity
				National identity
				The continuing power of place
				Case studies
			Aggressive expressions of relocalization and belonging
				Large-scale ethno-conflicts
				Blaming outsiders for threats to local belonging: micro-reactions
			Protecting localism through forging external alliances
				Indigenous peoples: clashing with modernization
			Constructing bi-local or multi-local transnational lives
				Diasporas
				Cosmopolitanism and the city
			Review
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
		22 Conclusion: global uncertainties and ways forward
			Is globalization new and how extensive is it?
				Recent measures of globalization in general
			Reacting to uncertainty
				Supporters
				Detractors
				Reformers
				Outsiders
			Global exclusion and inclusion
				The 'great transformation' and social exclusion
				Elements of a countermovement
			Ways forward for global public policy
				Reviving mutuality
				Managing difference
				Creating greater equality
				Promoting democracy
				Developing a sustainable environmental model
			Review and final remarks
			Further reading
			Questions and assignments
	References
	Name index
	Subject index