Global Food Systems, Diets, and Nutrition: Linking Science, Economics, and Policy

Acknowledgments
Contents
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Boxes
1 Introduction
	References
Part I Introduction to Major Concepts and Frameworks
2 Food Systems, Food Environments, and Consumer Behavior
	Introduction
	Food and Its Role in Society
	What Are Food Systems?
	What Are Food Systems Meant to Do?
	Who Influences and Engages with Food Systems?
	Components of Food Systems
		Food Supply Chains
		Food Environments
		Consumer Demand
	Key Messages and Conclusions
	References
3 Food Policy
	Introduction
	What Is Food Policy?
	What Is Food Governance?
	Who Influences Food Policy and Governance?
	Historical Transitions Toward a Holistic Food Policy
	Key Messages and Conclusions
	References
Part II Changing Food Systems and Diets for Nutrition
4 Nutritious Foods, Healthy Diets, and Contributions to Health
	Introduction
	What Are Diets?
		Healthy Diets
		Current Diets
	Health Consequences of Suboptimal Diets
	Key Messages and Conclusions
	References
5 The Multiple Burdens of Malnutrition
	Introduction
	Nutrition
		Nutritional Science
	Malnutrition
		Hunger and Food Insecurity
		Undernutrition
		Micronutrient Deficiencies
		Overweight and Obesity
		Multiple Burdens of Malnutrition
	Causes of Malnutrition
	Consequences of Malnutrition
	Intergenerational Cycle of Malnutrition
	Key Messages and Conclusions
	References
6 Transformations Across Diets and Food Systems
	Introduction
	Changing Diets
		The Nutrition Transition
	Food System Transformation
		Changing Food Supplies
		Changing Food Environments
		Changing Affordability of Healthy Diets
	Key Messages and Conclusions
	References
7 Drivers Shaping Food Systems
	Introduction
	Biophysical and Environmental Drivers
		Ecosystems and Biodiversity
		Climate Change
	Sociocultural Drivers
		Social Norms, Culture, and Traditions
		Women’s Status and Empowerment
	Political and Economic Drivers
		Leadership and Governance
		Globalization and Trade
		Conflicts and Humanitarian Crises
	Demographic Drivers
		Population Growth
		Urbanization
		Migration and Forced Displacement
	Innovation, Technology, and Infrastructure
		Innovation and Technology
		Infrastructure and the Built Environment
	Key Messages and Conclusions
	References
Part III The Influence of Food Policy on Diets and Nutrition
8 Policies Affecting Food Supply Chains
	Introduction
	Ideal Food Supply Chains for Diets and Nutrition
	Policies that Shape Food Supply Chains and Their Impacts on Diets and Nutrition
		Policies that Affect Food Production and Trade
		Policies that Target the Processing and Packaging of Foods
		Policies that Impact Markets, Distribution, and Public Procurement
	Key Messages and Conclusions
	References
9 Policies Affecting Food Environments and Consumer Behavior
	Introduction
	How Food Environments Affect the Food Supply and Consumer Demand
	Ideal Food Environments
	Why Physical Spaces and Places Matter
		Schools
		Healthcare System
		Workplaces
	Policies That Focus on Food Environments and Consumer Demand to Better Shape Diets and Nutrition
		Marketing and Advertising of Certain Foods
		Market-Based Subsidies and Taxes
		Front- and Back-of-Package Labeling
		Food-Based Dietary Guidelines
		Mass Media and Behavior Change Communication
		Consumer Awareness and Nutrition Education
		Choice Architecture and Nudges
	Key Messages and Conclusions
	References
Part IV New Challenges to Achieving Healthy Diets for Nutrition
10 Sustainable Diets: Aligning Food Systems and the Environment
	Introduction
	The Agriculture–Environment Connection
	The History of Sustainable Diets
	The EAT-Lancet Report
	Health and Environmental Implications of Sustainable Diets
	The Sustainable Diet Conundrum
	Research Limitations and Policy Opportunities
	Key Messages and Conclusions
	References
11 The Future of Food: Shaping Diets and Nutrition
	Introduction
	Agriculture 4.0: Revolutionizing Food Supplies for Better Diets
		Digital, Precision, and Vertical Farming
		Middle of the Chain Technologies
		Producing New and Varied Foods: 3D Printing, GMOs, and Lab-Grown Meat
	The Disappearing Grocery Store, Restaurant, and Kitchen
		Food Delivery and Meal Services: Concierge Convenience
		The Lure of Street Food and Fast Casual
	Changing Palates, Changing Demands
		Consumer Engagement and the Foodie Generation
		Personalized Nutrition
	The Implementation of Technologies
	Key Messages and Conclusions
	References
12 Conclusion and Ways Forward
	Importance of Food Policy for Diets and Nutrition
	Challenges Remain
	With Challenges Come Opportunities
	References
Index