Global Challenges of Climate Change, Vol.1: Green Energy, Decarbonization, Forecasting the Green Transition

Acknowledgement
Contents
Global Challenges on Climate Change: An Ongoing Portentous Transformation
	1 Setting the Stage
	2 The Two Volumes Book
	References
How Green Is the Green Energy Transition? On the Road to Decarbonization
	1 The Efficiency Paradigm
	2 The Forces in Action in the Green Transition
	3 Discussion on Seasonality, Investment, and Generation Capacity
	4 Solving the Conundrum
	5 Completing the Road to Decarbonization
	6 The Bottleneck in the Development of Zero Emissions
	7 Conclusion
	References
Bifurcation of Energy Development in FSU Countries and the Role of Hydrogen
	1 Introduction
	2 Problems with Transition to Renewable Energies
		2.1 European Energy Crisis of September 2021
		2.2 Influence of War in Ukraine and Sanctions against Russia on EU Energy Perspectives
	3 The Growing Role of Hydrogen
		3.1 Shares of Primary Energy
		3.2 Global Role of Hydrogen in Future
		3.3 Future Role of Hydrogen in Russia and EAEC Countries
	4 Perspectives of Other Renewable Energies for EAEC Countries
	5 Bifurcation Path for Russia and Other EAEU Countries
		5.1 Baseline Scenario for Russia: No Fast Actions
		5.2 Green Scenario for Russia
		5.3 Optimal Scenario for Russia
		5.4 Scenarios for Other FSU Countries
	6 Conclusions
	References
Decarbonization Strategies of OilandGas Majors
	1 Introduction
	2 The Decarbonization Drives the Energy Transition
	3 Low-Carbon Drivers for the Oil and Gas Sector
		3.1 Pressure from Investors and Shareholders
		3.2 Public Policy and Public Attitudes
		3.3 Growth of the Clean Energy Market
	4 Low-Carbon Strategy and Process
		4.1 IOCs Plan to Reduce GHG Emissions
		4.2 GHG Emissions Reduction Tools
	5 IOCs´ Investment in Clean Energy
		5.1 Renewables Capacity Growth
	6 Difficulties in Implementing Low-Carbon Strategies of IOCs
		6.1 Insufficient Disclosure of Information on the Implementation of Low-Carbon Strategies
		6.2 Does the Stock Market Believe in the Decarbonization Strategy of the IOCs?
		6.3 Competence and Competition
		6.4 High Capital Intensity of Projects in the Electric Power Industry
		6.5 Low Profitability of Renewable Energy Projects
		6.6 Decrease in Reserves while Reducing Investment in Conventional Oil and Gas Production
	7 Opportunities of IOCs to Achieve GHG Emission Reduction Goals
Maintaining a Balanced Set of Energy Options During This Singular and Uncertain Transition
	1 Introduction
	2 Path to an Informed Sustained Energy
		2.1 Communication Options
		2.2 Risk Balancing Tools
		2.3 New Science and Technology
		2.4 Insights from a Historical Perspective of Energy
	3 Communicating the Story in an Analogy
	4 Summary
	References
Global Challenges of Climate Change and Earth´s Autopoiesis
	1 Introduction
	2 Objectives, Methodology, and Organization
	3 Background
		3.1 Some Preparative Concepts
		3.2 Climate Change
		3.3 Global Challenges of Climate Change
		3.4 Causalities, Conditionalities, and Typology of Climate Change
		3.5 Generative ``Machine´´ in Climate Change Process
		3.6 Autopoieticiy
	4 An Autopoietic Model: NLC Circle
		4.1 Some Preparative Insights
		4.2 The Autopoietic Model of Handling Global Challenges of Climate Change
	5 Discussion
		5.1 Reason/Necessity
		5.2 Principles
		5.3 Forces
		5.4 Functioning
	References
Heliosynthesis: A Stairway to Energy Heaven
	1 Introduction
	2 Heliosynthesis by Solar-Assisted Thermochemical Redox Technology
	3 Gaps, Needs, and Opportunities
	4 Enabling Technologies
	5 Concluding Remarks
	References
Challenges on the Use of Polymers on Green Transition
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials
	3 Applications
		3.1 Aeronautic Industry
		3.2 Automotive Industry
	4 Recyclability
		4.1 Thermoset-Based Composites
			4.1.1 Mechanical Recycling
			4.1.2 Thermal Recycling
			4.1.3 Chemical Recycling
		4.2 Thermoplastic-Based Composites
		4.3 Natural Fibers-Based Composites
	5 Conclusions
	References
Forecasting the Mix of World Energy Needs by Mid-Twenty-First Century
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Background
	2 Worldwide Energy Consumption
	3 The Primary Energy Mix
	4 Five Competitors
	5 Two Microniches
		5.1 Renewables
		5.2 Coal + Oil
	6 Discussion
	References
Energy and Climate Changes Along the Last Two Hundred Years: Logistic Modeling
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Global Warming: Facts and Figures
		3.1 Carbon Dioxide Concentration Modeling
		3.2 Global Land-Ocean Surface Temperature Anomaly
	4 Global Energy Use: Challenges Vis-à-Vis Global Warming
	5 Conclusions
	References
Considering Uncertainty in Economic and Environmental Evaluation and Assessment of Integrated Technological Approaches
	1 Introduction
	2 Technology Change: Carbon Capture
	3 Deployment Capacities: Carbon Storage
	4 Determining Need
	5 Determining the Potential Policy Actions (ROA)
	6 Evaluate and Plan in an Integrated Assessment System
	7 Summary
	References
Forecasting the Indicators of Kondratiev´s Green Economic Wave (2018-2050), the ``Great Energy Transition´´ and its Impact on ...
	1 Introduction
	2 Impact of Climate Change on Global Socio-Economic Development
	3 Current State of the Energy Sector and Scenarios for the Fourth Energy Transition
	4 Mathematical Model
	5 Conclusion
	References
Russia´s Contribution to Achieving Global Decarbonization Goals