Glencoe Chemistry Solving Problems: A Chemistry Handbook (Matter and Change)

Wrap-Up......Page 0
Solving Problems: A Chemistry Handbook......Page 1
1.2: Chemistry and Matter......Page 9
1.3: Scientific Methods......Page 10
1.4: Scientific Research......Page 12
2.1: Units of Measurement......Page 15
2.2: Scientific Notation and Dimensional Analysis......Page 19
2.3: How reliable are measurements?......Page 22
2.4: Representing Data......Page 26
3.1: Properties of Matter......Page 29
3.2: Changes in Matter......Page 31
3.3: Mixtures of Matter......Page 34
3.4: Elements and Compounds......Page 35
4.2: Subatomic Particles and the Nuclear Atom......Page 39
4.3: How Atoms Differ......Page 41
4.4: Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay......Page 47
5.1: Light and Quantized Energy......Page 49
5.2: Quantum Theory and the Atom......Page 51
5.3: Electron Configurations......Page 53
6.1: Development of the Modern Periodic Table......Page 61
6.2: Classification of the Elements......Page 63
6.3: Periodic Trends......Page 65
7.1: Properties of s-Block Elements......Page 71
7.2: Properties of p-Block Elements......Page 73
7.3: Properties of d-Block and f-Block Elements......Page 77
8.1: Forming Chemical Bonds......Page 79
8.2: The Formation and Nature of Ionic Bonds......Page 80
8.3: Names and Formulas for Ionic Compounds......Page 82
8.4: Metallic Bonds and Properties of Metals......Page 85
9.1: The Covalent Bond......Page 87
9.2: Naming Molecules......Page 90
9.3: Molecular Structures......Page 91
9.4: Molecular Shape......Page 94
9.5: Electronegativity and Polarity......Page 95
10.1: Reactions and Equations......Page 97
10.2: Classifying Chemical Reactions......Page 100
10.3: Reactions in Aqueous Solutions......Page 103
11.1: Measuring Matter......Page 107
11.2: Mass and the Mole......Page 108
11.3: Moles of Compounds......Page 111
11.4: Empirical and Molecular Formulas......Page 113
11.5: The Formula for a Hydrate......Page 118
12.1: What is stoichiometry?......Page 121
12.2: Stoichiometric Calculations......Page 123
12.3: Limiting Reactants......Page 128
12.4: Percent Yield......Page 130
13.1: Gases......Page 133
13.2: Forces of Attraction......Page 138
13.3: Liquids and Solids......Page 139
13.4: Phase Changes......Page 141
14.1: The Gas Laws......Page 145
14.2: The Combined Gas Law and Avogadro’s Principle......Page 147
14.3: The Ideal Gas Law......Page 150
14.4: Gas Stoichiometry......Page 152
15.1: What are solutions?......Page 155
15.2: Solution Concentration......Page 158
15.3: Colligative Properties of Solutions......Page 163
15.4: Heterogeneous Mixtures......Page 165
16.1: Energy......Page 167
16.2: Heat in Chemical Reactions and Processes......Page 168
16.3: Thermochemical Equations......Page 170
16.4: Calculating Enthalpy Change......Page 171
16.5: Reaction Spontaneity......Page 174
17.1: A Model for Reaction Rates......Page 177
17.2: Factors Affecting Reaction Rates......Page 179
17.3: Reaction Rate Laws......Page 181
17.4: Instantaneous Reaction Rates and Reaction Mechanisms......Page 183
18.1: Equilibrium: A State of Dynamic Balance......Page 185
18.2: Factors Affecting Chemical Equilibrium......Page 189
18.3: Using Equilibrium Constants......Page 191
19.1: Acids and Bases: An Introduction......Page 197
19.2: Strengths of Acids and Bases......Page 198
19.3: What is pH?......Page 200
19.4: Neutralization......Page 206
20.1: Oxidation and Reduction......Page 209
20.2: Balancing Redox Equations......Page 213
20.3: Half-Reactions......Page 218
21.1: Voltaic Cells......Page 221
21.2: Types of Batteries......Page 226
21.3: Electrolysis......Page 228
22.1: Alkanes......Page 229
22.2: Cyclic Alkanes and Alkane Properties......Page 232
22.3: Alkenes and Alkynes......Page 234
22.4: Isomers......Page 237
22.5: Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Petroleum......Page 238
23.1: Functional Groups......Page 241
23.2: Alcohols, Ethers, and Amines......Page 243
23.3: Carbonyl Compounds......Page 245
23.4: Other Reactions of Organic Compounds......Page 249
23.5: Polymers......Page 251
24.1: Proteins......Page 253
24.2: Carbohydrates......Page 254
24.3: Lipids......Page 255
24.4: Nucleic Acids......Page 257
24.5: Metabolism......Page 258
25.1: Nuclear Radiation......Page 261
25.2: Radioactive Decay......Page 262
25.3: Transmutation......Page 265
25.4: Fission and Fusion of Atomic Nuclei......Page 268
25.5: Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions......Page 269
26.1: Earth’s Atmosphere......Page 271
26.2: Earth’s Water......Page 274
26.3: Earth’s Crust......Page 275
26.4: Cycles in the Environment......Page 276