Ginseng, the Genus Panax (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Industrial Profiles)

Cover......Page 1
Front Matter......Page 2
ISBN  9789058230348......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE TO THE SERIES......Page 8
PREFACE......Page 10
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 11
Other volumes in preparation in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants—IndustrialProfiles......Page 12
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 13
REFERENCES......Page 22
CHAPTER 2. THE GENUS PANAX......Page 25
REFERENCES......Page 32
CHAPTER 3. THE GROWTH AND CULTIVATION OF GINSENG......Page 35
REFERENCES......Page 49
Differentiation of shoots......Page 53
Differentiation of roots......Page 55
Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration......Page 57
Cryopreservation of Ginseng Explants......Page 59
Genetic Transformation of Ginseng......Page 60
Production of Secondary Metabolites by in vitro Culture......Page 61
REFERENCES......Page 63
CHAPTER 5. THE PRINCIPAL ACTIVE CHEMICALS IN PANAX SPECIES......Page 67
1) Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer......Page 69
Red Ginseng......Page 81
Saponins of Panax ginseng Roots......Page 83
Saponins of Panax ginseng Leaves and Aerial Stems......Page 85
Saponins of Panax ginseng Flowers and Buds......Page 86
Saponins of Panax ginseng Fruits......Page 87
2) Panax japonicus C.A.Meyer......Page 88
Saponins of Panax japonicus Rhizomes......Page 89
Saponins of Panax pseudoginseng subsp. japonicus Stems and Leaves......Page 95
3) Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen=P. pseudoginseng Wallich......Page 96
Saponins of Panax pseudoginseng=P. notoginseng=P. himalaicum Stems and Leaves......Page 99
4) Panax quinquefolium L.......Page 101
6) Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.......Page 105
Future Propects......Page 106
Appendix—Chemical Nomenclature of Saponins and Some Other Chemical Substances Reported Occurring in Ginseng Species......Page 107
Other Compounds......Page 116
REFERENCES......Page 117
EARLY USE AS A GENERAL TONIC......Page 129
GINSENG AND THE QUALITY OF LIFE......Page 130
ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, EXCRETION AND METABOLISM OF GINSENG SAPONINS......Page 133
STRESS AND ADAPTOGENIC ACTIVITY......Page 136
THE MECHANISM OF STRESS REACTION......Page 137
TEMPERATURE STRESS REACTION......Page 138
PHYSICAL STRESS REACTION......Page 141
STRESS DUE TO DISEASE STATES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES......Page 146
GINSENG, MEMORY AND INTELLECTUAL SKILLS......Page 151
GINSENG AND SLEEP......Page 153
GINSENG AND THE AGEING PROCESS......Page 154
GINSENG AND ALCOHOL......Page 158
GINSENG AND MORPHINE AND RELATED OPIOIDS......Page 159
GINSENG AND THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM......Page 162
GINSENG AS A BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIER......Page 163
GINSENG AND TUMOUR GROWTH......Page 169
GINSENG AND THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM......Page 178
GINSENG AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS......Page 181
GINSENG AND DIABETES......Page 186
GINSENG AND APHRODISIAC ACTIVITY......Page 191
CONCLUSIONS......Page 192
SUMMARY......Page 193
REFERENCES......Page 194
CHAPTER 7. THE SIDE EFFECTS OF GINSENG ADMINISTRATION......Page 211
REFERENCES......Page 214
CHAPTER 8. THE QUALITY CONTROL OF GINSENG......Page 217
REFERENCES......Page 229
CHAPTER 9. PATENTS......Page 233
CHAPTER 10. OTHER GINSENGS......Page 255
REFERENCES......Page 261