German Phonetics and Phonology: Theory and Practice

Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Phonetics
	1.1. Introduction
	1.2. Pronunciation Standards
	1.3. Phonetic Transcription
	1.4. The Organs of Speech
	1.5. Classifying Sounds
		1.5.1. Classifying Consonants
		1.5.2. Classifying Vowels
	1.6. The Phones of German
		1.6.1. The Consonants
		1.6.2. The Vowels
	1.7. Using IPA Symbols
	1.8. Advanced Topics
		1.8.1. Consonants
		1.8.2. Vowels
	Exercises
Chapter 2. Acoustic Phonetics
	2.1. Introduction
	2.2. Waveforms and Spectrograms
	2.3. The Acoustics of German Vowels
	2.4. The Acoustics of German Consonants
		2.4.1. The Acoustics of German Obstruents
		2.4.2. The Acoustics of German Sonorants
	2.5. Advanced Topics
	Exercises
Chapter 3. Phonology
	3.1. Introduction
	3.2. Basic Terms
	3.3. The Consonant Phonemes of German
		3.3.1. Phonemic Contrasts
		3.3.2. Allophonic Variation
	3.4. The Vowel Phonemes of German
		3.4.1. Phonemic Contrasts
		3.4.2. Allophonic Variation
	3.5. Advanced Topics
		3.5.1. Nasalized Vowels
		3.5.2. The Allophones of /R/
	Exercises
Chapter 4. Syllables and Word Stress
	4.1. Introduction
	4.2. Sonority
	4.3. Phonotactics
	4.4. Building Syllables
	4.5. Word Stress
		4.5.1. Simplex Words
		4.5.2. Complex Words
		4.5.3. Compound Words
	4.6. Advanced Topics
		4.6.1. Ambisyllabic Consonants
		4.6.2. Syllable Boundaries and Word Boundaries
		4.6.3. Stress in Compounds
	Exercises
Chapter 5. Prosody
	5.1. Introduction
	5.2. Rhythm
	5.3. Phrasal Stress
	5.4. Sentence Stress and Focus
		5.4.1. Broad Focus
		5.4.2. Narrow Focus
	5.5. Intonation
		5.5.1. Intonation Phrases
		5.5.2. Multiple Intonation Phrases
		5.5.3. Intonation Contours
	5.6. Advanced Topics
	Exercises
Chapter 6. Alternations
	6.1. Introduction
	6.2. Automatic Alternations
		6.2.1. Vowel Shortening
		6.2.2. Final Devoicing
		6.2.3. Dorsal Fricative Assimilation
		6.2.4. Spirantization
		6.2.5. Glottal Stop Insertion
		6.2.6. Schwa Deletion
		6.2.7. R-Vocalization
		6.2.8. Sonorant Syllabification
		6.2.9. Nasal Assimilation
	6.3. Morphophonemic Alternations
		6.3.1. Ablaut
		6.3.2. Umlaut
	6.4. Advanced Topics
		6.4.1. Voice Versus Spread Glottis
		6.4.2. Glottal Stop
	Exercises
Chapter 7. Historical Developments and Regional Variation
	7.1. Introduction
	7.2. Types of Sound Change
	7.3. Sound Changes in the History of German
		7.3.1. Old High German
		7.3.2. Middle High German
		7.3.3. Early New High German
		7.3.4. Summary
	7.4. Development of German Spelling
	7.5. Regional Variation
		7.5.1. Colloquial German
		7.5.2. German Dialects
	7.6. Advanced Topics
		7.6.1. Germanic Accent Shift
		7.6.2. Verner’s Law
	Exercises
Chapter 8. Phonetics in the Real World
	8.1. Introduction
	8.2. Orthography and the IPA: Letters and Sounds
		8.2.1. Consonants
		8.2.2. Vowels
		8.2.3. Advanced Topics
	8.3. Reading the IPA
	8.4. Transcription I: From the Written Word
	8.5. Pronunciation Similarities and Differences
	8.6. Pronunciation Practice I
		8.6.1. New German Consonants
		8.6.2. New German Vowels
Chapter 9. Acoustic Phonetics in the Real World
	9.1. Introduction
	9.2. Making Use of Computer Technology
	9.3. Speech Analysis I: Waveforms and Spectrograms
	9.4. Analyzing German Vowels
	9.5. Analyzing German Consonants
Chapter 10. Phonology in the Real World
	10.1. Introduction
	10.2. Minimal Pairs
	10.3. Transcription II: From Grapheme to Phoneme
		10.3.1. Consonants
		10.3.2. Vowels
	10.4. Pronunciation Practice II
		10.4.1. Similar German Consonants
		10.4.2. Similar German Vowels
	10.5. Acoustic Analysis: Similarities between German and English
		10.5.1. Analyzing Similar Consonants
		10.5.2. Analyzing Similar Vowels
Chapter 11. Working with Syllables and Word Stress
	11.1. Introduction
	11.2. Syllabification
	11.3. Determining Word Stress
		11.3.1. Default Word Stress
		11.3.2. Affixes and Word Stress
		11.3.3. Stress in Compound Words
	11.4. Acoustic Analysis: Correlates of Word Stress
Chapter 12. Making Use of Prosody
	12.1. Introduction
	12.2. Perceiving and Producing Rhythm
	12.3. Working with Phrasal Stress
	12.4. Determining Sentence Stress and Focus
		12.4.1. Broad Focus
		12.4.2. Narrow Focus
	12.5. Intonation
		12.5.1. Intonation Contours in Statements and Questions
		12.5.2. Other Intonation Contours
	12.6. Acoustic Analysis: Sentence Stress and Intonation Contours
		12.6.1. Analyzing Sentence Stress
		12.6.2. Analyzing Intonation Contours
		12.6.3. Comparing German and English Intonation Contours
Chapter 13. Alternations in the Real World
	13.1. Introduction
	13.2. Vowels
		13.2.1. Vowel Shortening
		13.2.2. Vowel Centralization
		13.2.3. Vowel Reduction
		13.2.4. Schwa Deletion
	13.3. Consonants
		13.3.1. Assimilation
		13.3.2. Deletion
	13.4. Weak Forms
	13.5. Acoustic Analysis: Alternations
		13.5.1. Vocalic Alternations
		13.5.2. Consonantal Alternation: Spirantization
Chapter 14. Varieties of German
	14.1. Introduction
	14.2. Sound Change
		14.2.1. Cognates
		14.2.2. German Surnames in English
		14.2.3. Sound Changes Today: North American English
	14.3. Modern German Dialects
		14.3.1. Segmental Differences
		14.3.2. Prosodic Differences
	14.4. Acoustic Analysis
		14.4.1. Final Devoicing
		14.4.2. Rounded Vowels
		14.4.3. Affricates
Appendix A: The Sounds of German
Appendix B: IPA Symbols
Appendix C: Affixes and Stress
Appendix D: Pronunciation of Vowel Letters
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Data Sources
References
Index
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