Geothermal water management

Content: Section I   Resources, geochemical properties and environmental implications of geothermal water1. A global assessment of geothermal resources Marek Hajto &Anna Sowizdzal1.1 Introduction 1.2 Definitions and classification of geothermal resources 1.3 Methods of regional assessment of geothermal resources 1.4 New concepts of geothermal resources classification 1.5 Results of geothermal resources assessment 2. Reinjection of cooled water back into a reservoir Leszek Pajak & Barbara Tomaszewska2.1 Introduction 2.2 Mathematical model for assessing the conditions for injecting water into a rock formation 2.3 Injection of saline water into rock formation 2.4 Summary 3. Geothermal and hydrogeological conditions, geochemical properties and uses of geothermal waters of the SlovakiaDusan Bodis, Anton Remsik, Radovan Cernak, Daniel Marcin, Zlatica Zenisova & Renata Flakova3.1 Introduction 3.2 Geological structure 3.3 Characteristics of geothermal bodies 3.4 Geothermal waters' chemical composition 3.5 Abstraction and thermal energy potential of geothermal waters 4. Resources, geochemical features and environmental implications of the geothermal waters in the continental rift zone of the Buyuk Menderes,Western Anatolia, TurkeyN. OEzgur4.1 Introduction 4.2 Geologic setting 4.3 Hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry 4.4 Resources and geothermal potential 4.5 Environmental implications 4.6 Model of the geothermal waters in the rift zone of the Buyuk Menderes Section II   Treatment of geothermal water for reuse5. Analytical procedures for ion quantification supporting water treatment processes Ewa Kmiecik5.1 Introduction 5.2 Groundwater sampling 5.3 Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) program 5.4 QA/QC program in geothermal water monitoring - the case of Banska PGP-1 well (Banska Nizna, Poland) 5.5 Summary 6. Treatment of geothermal waters for industrial and agricultural purposes Nalan Kabay, Pinar Yanar Soezal, Emre Yavuz, Mithat Yuksel & UEmran Yuksel6.1 Introduction 6.2 Geothermal potential of Turkey 6.3 Main utilization areas of geothermal energy 6.4 Environmental issues 6.5 Chemistry of geothermal fluids 6.6 Treatment of geothermal water 7. Removal of boron and arsenic from geothermal water by ion-exchange Nalan Kabay, Idil Y. Ipek, Pelin K. Yilmaz, Saba Samatya, Marek Bryjak, Kazuharu Yoshizuka, S. Ali Tuncel, UEmran Yuksel & Mithat Yuksel7.1 Introduction 7.2 Removal of boron from geothermal water by ion-exchange 7.3 Removal of arsenic from geothermal water by ion-exchange 8. Membrane techniques in the treatment of geothermal water for fresh and potable water production Michal Bodzek & Krystyna Konieczny8.1 Introduction 8.2 Desalination methods 8.3 Concentrate utilization 8.4 Integrated desalination systems 8.5 The consideration of energy issues in water desalination 8.6 Economic analyses of desalination processes 8.7 Final remarks 9. Review of direct discharge and recovery of reverse osmosis concentrates Raquel Ibanez, Antia Perez-Gonzalez, Javier Pinedo, Pedro Gomez, Ana Maria Urtiaga & Inmaculada Ortiz9.1 Introduction 9.2 Global desalination overview 9.3 RO desalination: characteristics and drawbacks 9.4 RO concentrates: influence of production site 9.5 Adverse effects of current ro concentrate management options 9.6 Treatment technologies of ro concentrates: review 10. Geothermal water treatment in Poland Barbara Tomaszewska10.1 Introduction 10.2 Characteristics of geothermal waters 10.3 Research methodology 10.4 Results and discussion 10.5 Conclusions Section III   The uses of geothermal water in agriculture11. Coupling geothermal direct heat with agriculture Jochen Bundschuh, Barbara Tomaszewska, Noreddine Ghaffour, Ihsan Hamawand, Hacene Mahmoudi & Mattheus Goosen11.1 Introduction 11.2 Sustainability by integrating geothermal options into agriculture 11.3 Geothermal direct heat applications 11.4 Agriculture within the cascade system of geothermal direct heat utilization 11.5 Geothermal energy for thermal water desalination 11.6 Geothermal greenhouses development heating/cooling, ventilation, humidification, desalination 11.7 Geothermal aquifers as freshwater source 11.8 Conclusions Section IV   The uses of geothermal water in balneotherapy12. Short history of thermal healing bathing Barbara Kielczawa12.1 Introduction 12.2 The Americas 12.3 Asia and the Middle East 12.4 European countries 13. Balneological use of geothermal springs in selected regions of the world Barbara Kielczawa13.1 Introduction 13.2 Africa 13.3 The Americas 13.4 Asia and Middle East 13.5 European countries 13.6 SPA, wellness and health resort organizations 13.7 Summary 14. The importance of an integrated analytic approach to the study of physico chemical characteristics of natural thermal waters used for pelotherapy aims: Perspectives for reusing cooled thermal waters for treatments related to thermalism applications Davide Rossi, Dariusz Dobrzynski, Isabella Moro, Mirella Zancato & Nicola Realdon14.1 Introduction 14.2 Application of the integrated analytical approach and tensiometry on thermalism 14.3 Perspectives for using cooled thermal waters for thermal water treatments: Jelenia Gora hsw and borowina muds