Geology of North Africa

 Content: Preface  Acknowledgements About the author   PART 1 HISTORY OF GEOLOGY AND HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION IN NORTH AFRICA   1. Introduction  1.1 Egypt  1.2 Libya  1.3 Algeria  1.4 Tunisia  1.5 Morocco    PART 2 TECTONIC FRAMEWORK OF NORTH AFRICA   2. Northeast Africa's Basins  2.1 Mediterranean Basin  2.2 Alboran Sea  2.3 Nile Basin  2.4 Northern Egypt Basin  2.5 Gulf of Suez & Red Sea  2.5.1 Evolution of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Suez  2.6 Cyrenaica/Marmarica Platform  2.7 Sirte Basin  2.7.1 Evolution of the Sirte Basin  2.8 Murzuq Basin  2.9 Ghadames Basin  2.10 Kufra Basin  2.11 Jifarah Basin   3. Tertiary volcanics    4. Northwest Africa's Basins  4.1 Algerian Basins  4.2 Tunisian Basins  4.3 Moroccan Basins  4.3.1 Evolution of the Atlas Mountains  4.4 Western High Atlas  4.5 Argana Basin  4.6 Souss Basin  4.7 Haouz Basin  4.7.1 Tectonic history of the Meseta Domain  4.8 The Atlantic Passive Margin  4.9 Moroccan Marginal Basins  4.10 Agadir, Tarfaya, and Essaouira Basins  4.11 Essaouira-Haha Basin  4.12 Guercif Basin 4.13 Tafilalt & Maider sub-Basins    PART 3 PAN-AFRICAN SHIELD & WEST AFRICAN CRATON   5. Precambrian  5.1 Stratigraphy  5.1.1 Gneisses and migmatites  5.1.2 Metasediments  5.1.3 Old metasediments  5.1.4 Old metavolcanics  5.1.5 Serpentinites  5.1.6 Gabbros  5.1.7 Granitoids  5.1.8 Dokhan volcanics 5.1.9 Younger gabbros  5.1.10 Younger granites  5.1.11 Trachyte plugs (post-Hammamat felsites)  5.1.12 Swarm dikes  5.1.13 Ring dike complexes  5.2 Evolution of the Pan-African Shield  5.2.1 I. Lower Gebel Oweinat cycle  5.2.2 II. Upper Gebel Oweinat cycle  5.2.2.1 Rodinia Supercontinent (1300-1000 Ma)  5.2.3 III. Lower magmatic-arc cycle  5.2.3.1 Platform and ocean basin assemblages  5.2.3.2 Ophiolite assemblages  5.2.3.3 Volcanic-arc assemblages  5.2.3.4 Older granitoids, gneisses & migmatization (987-670 Ma)  5.2.4 IV. Upper Magmatic-Arc Cycle (650-550 Ma)  5.2.4.1 Upper magmatic-arc sequence of the Northern Eastern Desert  5.2.4.2 Hammamat sediments (616-590 Ma)  5.2.4.3 Younger granites (615-550 Ma)  5.2.4.4 Dokhan volcanics  5.2.4.5 Younger gabbros  5.2.4.6 Upper magmatic-arc sequence in Southern Sinai  5.2.4.7 Upper magmatic-arc sequence of Libya and South-Central Algeria  5.2.5 V. Post-Tectonic Cycle  5.2.5.1 Ring dike complexes and Swarm dikes  5.2.5.2 Feldspathic and quartzose sandstones  5.3 Summary   PART 4 PHANEROZOIC GEOLOGY OF NORTH AFRICA   6. Phanerozoic geology of Egypt  6.1 Introduction  6.2 Paleozoic  6.3 Cambrian and Ordovician  6.4 Silurian  6.5 Devonian  6.6 Carboniferous   7. Mesozoic  7.1 Triassic-Lower Cretaceous  7.2 Triassic  7.3 Jurassic  7.3.1 Jurassic of Sinai  7.3.2 Jurassic of the Northern Western Desert (Northern Egypt Basin)  7.4 Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous  7.4.1 Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of the Southern Western Desert  7.4.2 Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of the Northern Western Desert  7.4.3 Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of Sinai  7.5 Upper Cretaceous  7.5.1 Upper Cretaceous of the Northern Western Desert  7.5.2 Cenomanian-Santonian  7.5.2.1 Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Santonian) of Sinai and the Gulf of Suez region  7.5.2.2 Cenomanian-Santonian of the central Nile Valley and the Eastern Desert  7.5.2.3 Cenomanian-Santonian of Southern Egypt  7.5.3 Campanian  7.5.3.1 Maastrichtian chalks  7.5.3.2 Maastrichtian-Paleocene shales  7.5.3.3 Upper Cretaceous-Tertiary succession in extreme Southern Egypt  7.5.3.4 The nature of the Upper Cretaceous-Early Tertiary contact (unconformities)   8. Tertiary  8.1 Eocene  8.1.1 Lower Eocene (Ypresian)  8.1.2 Middle Eocene  8.1.3 Upper Eocene (Bartonian)  8.2 Oligocene  8.2.1 Miocene of the Northern Western Desert of Egypt  8.2.2 Miocene in the subsurface of the Nile Delta and its offshore area  8.2.3 Miocene of the Gulf of Suez and Red Sea region   9. Tertiary-Quaternary  9.1 Pliocene-Pleistocene  9.1.1 Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments of the Nile Valley  9.1.2 Pliocene-Pleistocene in the subsurface and the offshore of the Nile Delta  9.1.3 Pliocene-Pleistocene of the Western Desert (Northern Egypt Basin)  9.1.4 Pliocene-Pleistocene of the Gulf of Suez and Red Sea region  9.1.5 Pliocene-Pleistocene of Sinai  10. Quaternary (Pleistocene-Holocene)   11. Phanerozoic geology of Libya  11.1 Introduction   12. Paleozoic  12.1 Cambrian and Ordovician  12.1.1 Cambrian and Ordovician of West Libya  12.1.2 Cambrian and Ordovician of the Sirte Basin  12.1.3 Cambrian and Ordovician of the Kufrah Basin  12.1.4 Cambrian and Ordovician of Northeast Libya  12.2 Silurian  12.2.1 Silurian of West Libya  12.2.2 Silurian of the Kufrah Basin  12.3 Devonian  12.3.1 Devonian of West Libya  12.3.2 Devonian of the Sirte Basin  12.3.3 Devonian of the Kufrah Basin  12.3.4 Devonian of Northeast Libya  12.4 Carboniferous  12.4.1 Carboniferous of West Libya  12.4.2 Carboniferous of the Sirte Basin  12.4.3 Carboniferous of Northeast Libya  12.4.4 Carboniferous of the Kufrah Basin  12.5 Permian   13. Mesozoic  13.1 Triassic-Early Cretaceous  13.2 Triassic  13.2.1 Triassic of Northwest Libya  13.2.2 Triassic of Northeast Libya & the Sirte Basin  13.2.3 Triassic of the Kufrah Basin  13.3 Jurassic  13.3.1 Jurassic of Northwest Libya  13.4 Mesozoic Continental Sediments  13.4.1 Nubian Sandstones/continental intercalcaire  13.4.2 Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous (Neocomian) of the Sirte Basin  13.4.3 Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous (Neocomian) of Northeast Libya  13.4.4 Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous (Neocomian) of the Kufrah Basin  13.5 Aptian-Albian  13.6 Upper Cretaceous  13.6.1 Upper Cretaceous of Northeast Libya  13.6.2 Upper Cretaceous of Northwest Libya  13.6.3 Upper Cretaceous of the Sirte Basin   14. Tertiary  14.1 Paleocene  14.1.1 Paleocene of offshore Northwest Libya  14.1.2 Paleocene of Northwest Libya  14.1.3 Paleocene of the Sirte Basin  14.1.4 Paleocene of Northeast Libya  14.2 Eocene  14.2.1 Eocene of Northwest Libya & the Sirte Basin  14.2.2 Lower Eocene (Ypresian)  14.2.3 A review of the Gir Formation  14.2.4 The Gir Formation in the subsurface of the Sirte Basin  14.2.5 Middle Eocene (Lutetian)  14.2.6 Revision of the Wadi Tamet Formation  14.2.7 Middle Eocene in the subsurface of the Sirte Basin  14.2.8 Upper Eocene (Bartonian)  14.2.9 Eocene of offshore Northwest Libya  14.2.10 Eocene of Northeast Libya  14.3 Oligocene  14.3.1 Oligocene of Northeast Libya  14.3.2 Oligocene of the Sirte Basin  14.3.3 Oligocene of Northwest Libya  14.4 Miocene  14.4.1 Miocene of the Sirte Basin  14.4.2 Miocene of Northeast Libya  14.4.3 Miocene of Northwest Libya & offshore  14.5 Pliocene-Pleistocene  14.6 Pleistocene-Holocene   15. Phanerozoic geology of Algeria  15.1 Lithostratigraphy of the Sahara Platform  15.2 Paleozoic  15.2.1 Cambrian/Ordovician of the Sahara Platform  15.2.2 Silurian  15.2.3 Devonian  15.2.4 Carboniferous  15.3 Mesozoic  15.3.1 Triassic  15.3.2 Jurassic  15.3.3 Cretaceous  15.4 Tertiary of Algeria  15.4.1 Paleocene  15.4.2 Eocene  15.4.3 Oligocene/Miocene  15.4.4 Pliocene and Quaternary  16. Phanerozoic geology of Tunisia  16.1 Introduction  16.2 Phanerozoic Geology of Tunisia  16.2.1 Precambrian  16.2.2 Paleozoic of Tunisia  16.2.2.1 Cambrian  16.2.2.2 Ordovician  16.2.2.3 Silurian  16.2.2.4 Devonian  16.2.2.5 Carboniferous  16.2.2.6 Permian  16.2.3 Mesozoic of Tunisia  16.2.3.1 Triassic  16.2.3.2 Jurassic  16.2.3.3 Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous  16.2.3.4 Lower Cretaceous of Tunisia  16.2.3.5 Aptian-Albian of Central Tunisia  16.2.4 Tertiary  16.2.4.1 Paleocene  16.2.4.2 Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary  16.2.4.3 Eocene  16.2.4.4 Oligocene-Miocene of Tunisia  16.2.4.5 Pliocene of Tunisia  16.2.4.6 Quaternary   17. Phanerozoic geology of Morocco  17.1 Introduction  17.2 Tectonic Subdivisions of Morocco  17.3 Sahara Platform  17.4 Anti-Atlas  17.4.1 Phanerozoic stratigraphy of the Atlas Mountains  17.4.1.1 Cambrian  17.4.1.2 Ordovician  17.4.1.3 Silurian  17.4.1.4 Devonian  17.4.1.5 Carboniferous  17.4.2 Atlas Mountains  17.4.2.1 Permian-Jurassic (Central High Atlas)  17.4.2.2 Jurassic  17.4.2.3 Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous  17.4.3 Western High Atlas  17.4.4 Atlantic Passive Margin  17.5 Tertiary  17.5.1 Tertiary of the Central High Atlas  17.5.1.1 Oligocene-Pleistocene 17.5.1.2 Quaternary   PART 5 PETROLEUM GEOLOGY & PETROLEUM SYSTEMS  OF NORTH AFRICA  18. Petroleum Geology & Petroleum Systems of North Afrika 18.1 Introduction  18.2 Tectono-Depositional Phases  18.3 Tectono-Stratigraphic Provinces in North Africa  19 Hydrocarbon systems in North Africa  19.1 Neoproterzoic petroleum systems in North Africa  19.2 Phanerozoic Petroleum Systems  19.2.1 Egypt's hydrocarbon systems  19.2.2 Libya's hydrocarbon systems  19.2.3 Algeria's hydrocarbon systems  19.2.4 Tunisia's hydrocarbon systems  19.2.5 Morocco's hydrocarbon systems   PART 6 PHANEROZOIC GEOLOGICAL HISTORY  20. Phanerozoic geological history 20.1 Introduction  20.2 Phanerozoic  20.3 Lower megasequence  20.3.1 Paleozoic  20.3.1.1 Cambrian period  20.3.1.2 Ordovician period  20.3.1.3 Silurian period  20.3.1.4 Devonian period  20.3.1.5 Carboniferous period  20.3.1.6 Permian period  20.3.2 Mesozoic  20.3.2.1 Triassic period  20.3.3 Early Triassic (Scythian)  20.3.4 Upper Triassic (Carnian-Rhetian)  20.3.5 Continental Triassic  20.3.5.1 Jurassic period  20.3.6 Middle Jurassic  20.3.7 Upper Jurassic  20.3.7.1 Continental Upper Jurassic-Early Cretaceous  20.3.7.2 Aptian-Albian  20.3.7.3 Aptian  20.3.7.4 Albian  20.4 Middle Megasequence  20.4.1 Cretaceous  20.4.1.1 Upper Cretaceous period  20.4.1.2 Cenomanian-Turonian  20.4.1.3 Coniacian-Santonian  20.4.1.4 Campanian  20.4.1.5 Maastrichtian  20.4.2 Tertiary  20.4.2.1 Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary  20.4.2.2 Paleocene period  20.4.2.3 Eocene period  20.4.2.4 Basinal facies (facies 1-2)  20.4.2.5 Fore-bank facies (facies 3)  20.4.2.6 Bank facies (facies 4)  20.4.2.7 Back-bank facies (facies 5-6)  20.4.2.8 Lagoonal-littoral facies (facies 7-8)  20.4.2.9 Lagoonal-evaporitic facies (facies 9)  20.5 Upper Megasequence  20.5.1 Oligocene period  20.5.2 Miocene period  20.5.3 Pliocene period 20.5.4 Quaternary (Pleistocene-Holocene)   References  Subject index  Color plates
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              Rev. ed. of: Geology of Egypt and Libya / E. Tawadros. 2001.                 Read more...