Geological Structures and Maps: A Practical Guide

Geological Structures and Maps
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Geological map symbols
1 Geological maps
	1.1 What are geological maps?
	1.2 How is such a geological map made?
	1.3 What is the completed geological map used for?
2 Uniformly dipping beds
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Dip
	2.3 Plunge of lines
	2.4 Strike lines
	2.5 Apparent dip
	2.6 Outcrop patterns of uniformly dipping beds
	2.7 Representing surfaces on maps
	2.8 Properties of contour maps
	2.9 Drawing vertical cross sections through topographical and geological surfaces
		Worked example
	2.10 Three-point problems
		Worked example
	2.11 Outcrop patterns of geological surfaces exposed on the ground
		Worked example
	2.12 Buried and eroded parts of a geological surface
		Worked example
	2.13 Contours of burial depth (isobaths)
		Worked example
	2.14 V-shaped outcrop patterns
		Worked example
	2.15 Structure contours from outcrop patterns
		Worked example
	2.16 Geological surfaces and layers
	2.17 Stratigraphic thickness
		Worked example
	2.18 Isochores and isopachs
	2.19 Topographic effects and map scale
		WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
			WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
				Problem 2.1
				Problem 2.2
				Problem 2.3
				Problem 2.4
				Problem 2.5
				Problem 2.6
				Problem 2.7
				Problem 2.8
				Problem 2.9
				Problem 2.10
				Problem 2.11
				Problem 2.12
				Problem 2.13
				Problem 2.14
				Problem 2.15
3 Folding
	3.1 Cylindrical and noncylindrical folding
	3.2 Basic geometrical features of a fold
	3.3 Terms relating to the orientation of folds
		WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
			Exercise
	3.4 The tightness of folding
	3.5 Curvature variation around the fold
	3.6 Symmetrical and asymmetrical folds
	3.7 Types of noncylindrical fold
	3.8 Layer thickness variation around folds
	3.9 Structure contours and folds
		Classroom exercise
	3.10 Determining the plunge of a fold from structure contours
	3.11 Lines of intersection of two surfaces
	3.12 Determining the plunge of a fold from the dips of fold limbs
		Worked example
	3.13 Sections through folded surfaces
		Classroom experiment
	3.14 The profile of a fold
	3.15 Horizontal sections through folds
		Worked example
	3.16 Construction of true fold profiles
	3.17 Recognition of folds on maps
		Worked example
	3.18 Hinge points and axial surface traces
		Worked example
	3.19 Constructing hinge lines on maps
	3.20 Determining the nature of folds on maps
	3.21 Cross-sections through folded areas
		Worked example
	3.22 Noncylindrical folds and structure contours
	3.23 Inliers and outliers
		WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
			WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
				Problem 3.1
				Problem 3.2
				Problem 3.3
				Problem 3.4
				Problem 3.5
				Problem 3.6
				Problem 3.7
				Problem 3.8 (A and B)
				Problem 3.8 (C and D)
				Problem 3.9
				Problems 3.10–3.14 (in order of increasing complexity)
				Problem 3.10
				Problem 3.11
				Problem 3.12
				Problem 3.13
				Problem 3.14
4 Faulting
	4.1 Fault planes
		Worked example
	4.2 Slip and separation
	4.3 Separation terms
		Worked example
	4.4 Repetition and omission of strata
		Worked example
	4.5 Determining the slip of a fault
		Worked example
	4.6 Components of slip
		Worked example
	4.7 Classification of faults based on slip
		WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
			WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
				Problem 4.1
				Problem 4.2
				Problem 4.3
				Problem 4.4
				Problem 4.5
				Problem 4.6
				Problem 4.7
				Problem 4.8
				Problem 4.9
				Problem 4.10
				Problem 4.11
5 Unconformity
	5.1 Types of unconformity
	5.2 Overstep and overlap
	5.3 Subcrop maps
		Worked example
		Worked example
	5.4 The geological usefulness of unconformities
		WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
			WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
				Problem 5.1
				Problem 5.2
				Problem 5.3
6 Igneous rocks
	6.1 Intrusive igneous rocks
	6.2 Extrusive igneous rocks
		WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
			WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
				Problem 6.1
				Problem 6.2
				Problem 6.3
				Problem 6.4
				Problem 6.5
7 Folding with cleavage
	7.1 Foliations
	7.2 Axial-plane foliations
	7.3 The relationship of cleavage to bedding
		Worked example
			WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
				Problem 7.1
				Problem 7.2
Further reading
	WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
		Geological map interpretation: general
		How geological maps are produced
		The geometry of structures and deformation of rocks
		Foliations, fabrics and the study of structures under the microscope
Index