Geography of Happiness: A Spatial Analysis of Subjective Well-Being

Contents
Happiness Geography: Defining the Field
	1 Introduction
	2 On Happiness as a Consequence of Sustainable Development
	3 Spatial Information for Complex Decision-Making
	4 Book Organization
	References
Regional Challenges
A Spatial Analysis of the Instagram Hashtag #happy: An Assessment of Toronto
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Place-Based Happiness
		1.2 The Role of Geospatial Technologies
		1.3 Instagram Data
		1.4 The Geography of Happiness
	2 Study Area
	3 Data
	4 Methodology
		4.1 The Chase for Global Spatial Dependence
		4.2 The Chase for Local Spatial Dependence
		4.3 Spatial Accounting of Land Use Within the Happiness Landscape
	5 Results
		5.1 The Golden Horseshoe’s #happy Spatially Explicit Landscape
		5.2 Toronto’s #happy Land Use Distribution
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusions
	8 Competing Interests
	References
The Subjective Well-Being in North Africa and the Impacts on Agriculture and Urban Land
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Geographical Determinants of Subjective Well-Being
		1.2 Subjective Well-Being, Agriculture, and Happiness
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Study Sites
		2.2 Characteristics of the Population and Economy of North African Countries
		2.3 Data Collection
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Subjective Well-Being and Its Relationship to Sustainable Rural Development:
		3.2 Spatial Differences in Subjective Well-Being of North African Countries
		3.3 Analytical Model and Variables
	4 Conclusions
	References
Territorial Challenges
Researching Quality of Life in Old Age: Some Conceptual and Methodological Principles
	1 Introduction
	2 What is QoL in Old Age?
		2.1 Definitions of QoL in Old Age
		2.2 Theories and Conceptual Models of QoL in Old Age
		2.3 Lay Views on QoL in Old Age
		2.4 Neglected Aspects in the Conceptualization of QoL in Old Age
		2.5 Conceptual Principles for Studying QoL in Old Age
	3 How to Measure/Assess QoL in Old Age
		3.1 Methodological Principles for Studying QoL in Old Age
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
Peripheral Retail Expansion: Social Implications and Spatial Inequalities the Case of the Île-de-France Region
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review: Retail Decentralization and Its Socio-economic Implications
		2.1 Employment and the Survival of Small Retail Units in the USA
		2.2 Socio-economic Implications of Retail Decentralization in the UK
		2.3 Retail Expansion, Social Capital and Poverty
	3 Retail Expansion, Controversies and Regulation in the Île-de-France Region
		3.1 National Regulation: An Entry Barrier to Large Stores Since 1973
		3.2 Environmental Concerns and Regional Plans in the 2000s
		3.3 Local Attitudes Towards Retail Development
	4 Retail Decentralization and Spatial Inequalities: Statistical Study
		4.1 Data Description
		4.2 Retail Expansion Between 1975 and 2014: Equally Distributed?
		4.3 Retail Facilities in 2014
	5 Retail Expansion and Socio-economic Characteristics of Municipalities
		5.1 Retail Employment and the 2008 Crisis: Unequal Consequences Given the Location of Stores
		5.2 Social Inequalities and Retail Development: The Clustering of Municipalities
	6 Conclusions
	References
Locational Challenges
Sustainable Cities, Quality of Life, and Mobility-Related Happiness
	1 Welfare and Happiness: A Preface
	2 Are Cities Sources of Happiness?
	3 Fast and Slow Urban Motion Dilemmas
	4 Mobility-Related Happiness
	5 Sustainable Cities and Slow Motion: Findings
	6 Retrospect and Prospect
	References
Tourism, Climate Change and Well-Being: The Products’ Diversity as an Opportunity
	1 Introduction
	2 Regional Resilience: The Urgency
		2.1 Resilience: Evolutionary Concept
		2.2 Resilience, Adaptation, Transition and Transformation: The Relationship
		2.3 Regional Resilience: An Evolutionary Perspective
		2.4 Contributions to Regional Resilience: Determining Factors
	3 Landscape Tourism: Diversity and Opportunity for Diversification
	4 Impacts, Transition and Regional Resilience: The Algarve Region, Southern Portugal
	5 Methodology
	6 Delphi Survey: Expert Group A and Expert Group B
	7 Delphi-Swot Survey: Expert Group B
	8 Opinion-Based Interviews: Expert Group C
	9 Conclusions
	References
Tourism, Senses and Well-Being
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Well-Being in Tourism
		2.2 The Hedonic Approach
		2.3 The Eudaimonic Approach
		2.4 The Complementary Nature of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Approaches
		2.5 Well-Being and Positive Psychology
		2.6 Senses and Well-Being in Tourism
	3 Conclusion
	References