Geochemical anomaly and mineral prospectivity mapping in GIS

Cover Page
......Page 1
Title Page
......Page 2
Copyright Page
......Page 3
EDITOR’S FOREWORD......Page 4
PREFACE......Page 6
INTRODUCTION......Page 8
WHAT IS PREDICTIVE MODELING?......Page 9
Approaches to predictive modeling......Page 10
Types of predictive modeling......Page 11
PREDICTIVE MODELING OF SIGNIFICANT GEOCHEMICAL ANOMALIES......Page 14
PREDICTIVE MODELING OF MINERAL PROSPECTIVITY......Page 17
Data analysis......Page 23
predictive model = f ( predictor maps ) .......Page 24
Visualisation of spatial data or geo-information......Page 25
SUMMARY......Page 26
Geo-objects......Page 27
Vector Model......Page 28
Raster Model......Page 31
Attribute Data Models......Page 32
Spatial Data Capture......Page 33
Spatial Database Creation......Page 35
Spatial query and selection......Page 37
Classification and re-classification......Page 39
Measurements......Page 40
Transformations......Page 41
Neighbourhood operations......Page 46
Map overlay operations......Page 48
SUMMARY......Page 51
INTRODUCTION......Page 52
Graphical tools in EDA......Page 54
Boxplot and 5-number statistics of univariate data......Page 55
Standardisation of classified uni-element geochemical data......Page 58
Mapping of classified uni-element geochemical data......Page 60
Visualisation of spatial data or geo-information......Page 63
Study area and spatial data......Page 64
Analysis of uni-element data distributions......Page 66
Analysis of uni-element threshold values and anomalies......Page 73
Analysis of inter-element relationships......Page 76
Analysis and mapping of multi-element associations......Page 79
SUMMARY......Page 84
INTRODUCTION......Page 86
Fractal geometry......Page 87
Perimeter-area relationship in geochemical patterns......Page 89
THE CONCENTRATION-AREA METHOD FOR THRESHOLD RECOGNITION......Page 93
APPLICATION OF GIS IN THE CONCENTRATION-AREA FRACTAL METHOD......Page 95
Generation and discretisation of geochemical surfaces......Page 96
Attribute table operation for area calculations......Page 97
Creation and classification of uni-element geochemical surface maps......Page 99
Analysis of uni-element threshold values and anomalies......Page 101
Analysis and mapping of anomalous multi-element signature......Page 108
Synthesis of multi-element associations......Page 111
CONCLUSIONS......Page 114
INTRODUCTION......Page 116
Multiple regression analysis......Page 118
Analysis of weighted mean uni-element concentrations due to lithology......Page 119
DILUTION CORRECTION OF UNI-ELEMENT RESIDUALS......Page 121
ANALYSIS OF ANOMALOUS MULTI-ELEMENT SIGNATURES......Page 123
Creation of sample catchment basins......Page 126
Correction for downstream dilution......Page 128
CASE STUDY......Page 129
Estimation of local uni-element background......Page 130
Derivation and standardisation of uni-element residuals......Page 134
Modeling of multi-element anomalies via principal components analysis......Page 137
Screening of multi-element anomalies with fault/fracture density......Page 142
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 143
INTRODUCTION......Page 146
Point pattern analysis......Page 147
Fractal analysis......Page 151
Fry analysis......Page 154
Knowledge synthesis and results of spatial analysis......Page 157
Distance distribution method......Page 161
Distance correlation method......Page 172
Synthesis and discussion of results......Page 181
CONCLUSIONS......Page 185
INTRODUCTION......Page 187
GENERAL PURPOSE APPLICATIONS OF GIS......Page 189
MODELING WITH BINARY EVIDENTIAL MAPS......Page 192
Boolean logic modeling......Page 194
Binary index overlay modeling......Page 197
Calibration of predictive modeling with binary evidential maps......Page 202
MODELING WITH MULTI-CLASS EVIDENTIAL MAPS......Page 203
Multi-class index overlay modeling......Page 205
Fuzzy logic modeling......Page 208
Evidential belief modeling......Page 225
Calibration of predictive modeling with multi-class evidential maps......Page 233
WILDCAT MODELING OF MINERAL PROSPECTIVITY......Page 234
CONCLUSIONS......Page 244
INTRODUCTION......Page 246
SELECTION OF SUITABLE UNIT CELL SIZE FOR MODELING......Page 250
SELECTION OF COHERENT DEPOSIT-TYPE LOCATIONS FOR MODELING......Page 257
Analysis of mineral occurrence favourability scores at deposit-type locations......Page 258
Analysis of coherent deposit-type locations......Page 260
CROSS-VALIDATION OF DATA-DRIVEN MODELS OF PROSPECTIVITY......Page 267
Deposit-type classification strategies......Page 268
Other strategies of cross-validation......Page 269
EVIDENTIAL BELIEF MODELING OF MINERAL PROSPECTIVITY......Page 270
GIS-based data-driven estimation of EBFs......Page 272
Calibration of data-driven estimation of EBFs......Page 276
Integration of data-driven EBFs......Page 282
Case study application of data-driven EBFs......Page 283
Basic principles and assumptions of linear discriminant analysis......Page 290
Case study application of discriminant analysis......Page 292
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 305
REFERENCES......Page 308
ONLINE SOURCES......Page 334
AUTHOR INDEX......Page 335
SUBJECT INDEX......Page 343