Generation and manipulation of entanglement in quantum optical systems

I Introductions......Page 7
Quantum Mechanics and Entanglement......Page 8
Quantum systems and quantum states......Page 9
Combining and disregarding sub-systems......Page 10
Dynamics......Page 11
Measurement of quantum systems......Page 12
Von Neumann entropy......Page 13
Complementary observables and the uncertainty principle......Page 14
Entanglement......Page 15
EPR argument and the Bell inequality......Page 17
Bell inequalities......Page 18
Quantifying entanglement......Page 21
Quantum key distribution......Page 24
Quantum teleportation......Page 25
Other applications of entanglement......Page 26
Contexts and overview of this work......Page 27
A Quantum Description of Light......Page 30
Classical electro-magnetic waves......Page 31
The quantum harmonic oscillator......Page 34
The quantum light field......Page 36
Quantum states of a light mode......Page 37
Coherent states......Page 38
The quantum state of laser light......Page 39
II Robust Entanglement Generation in Atoms and Cavities......Page 43
Cavity modes......Page 44
The interaction between an atom and a light mode......Page 47
Interaction with a single cavity mode......Page 49
Far-detuned behaviour......Page 50
Near resonance......Page 51
Interaction with a classical field......Page 52
Simplifying the Hamiltonian: the interaction picture......Page 53
Decoherence and dissipation - the ``quantum jump'' approach......Page 54
Generation of entanglement in cavity QED......Page 56
Introduction......Page 58
Effective interaction time......Page 59
Outline of the scheme under ideal conditions......Page 61
Practical considerations......Page 65
The atomic path......Page 66
Detector efficiency......Page 71
Conclusion......Page 72
Introduction......Page 73
System Hamiltonian......Page 74
An earlier proposal......Page 76
Weakly driven approach......Page 79
Spontaneous emission......Page 82
Detection efficiency......Page 84
Dark counts......Page 86
Conclusion......Page 87
III Entanglement Distillation with Linear Optics......Page 89
Gaussian states......Page 90
Descriptions of important Gaussian states......Page 93
Gaussian operations......Page 96
Passive linear optics......Page 97
Active linear optics......Page 98
Non-unitary Gaussian maps......Page 99
Entanglement in Gaussian states......Page 100
Gaussian states in quantum information......Page 102
Distribution of entanglement......Page 103
Entanglement distillation......Page 105
Procrustean entanglement enhancement with linear optics and photo-detection......Page 106
Introduction......Page 112
General input states......Page 117
An example mixed input......Page 123
Convergence to a pure state......Page 126
Inefficient detection......Page 130
Decoherence between iterations......Page 133
Absorbing channel......Page 137
Phase diffusion channel......Page 138
Comparison of decoherence effects......Page 140
Other potential problems......Page 142
Conclusion......Page 143
Summary and Outlook......Page 144
References......Page 147