Generalized convexity, nonsmooth variational inequalities, and nonsmooth optimization

Content: Preface xiii    1 Polyoxymethylene: State of Art, New Challenges and Opportunities 1  Sigrid Luft l and Visakh. P.M.    1.1 Scope 2    1.2 History 2    1.3 Commercial Significance 7    References 13    2 Polymerization and Manufacture of Polyoxymethylene 21  Johannes Karl Fink    2.1 Introduction 21    2.2 Monomers 22    2.3 Comonomers 25    2.4 Polymerization and Fabrication 28    2.5 Special Additives 44    References 46    3 Polyoxymethylene Additives 53  Emmanuel Richaud    3.1 Introduction 53    3.2 Antioxidants 54    3.3 Compounds Reacting with Secondary Reaction Products 59    3.4 UV Stabilization 60    3.5 Impact Modifier 65    3.6 Nucleating Agent 67    3.7 Pigments and Dyes 72    3.8 Flame Retardants 75    3.9 Antistatic Agents 79    3.10 Lubricating Agents 80    3.11 Fillers 82    3.12 Processing Aids 90    References 91    Appendix 3.1: List of Stabilizers 100    4 Polyoxymethylene Processing 107  Kinga Pielichowska    4.1 Introduction 107    4.2 Injection Molding 109    4.3 Melt Extrusion 116    4.4 Solid-State Extrusion 118    4.5 Extrusion Assisted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide 120    4.6 Blow Molding 121    4.7 Others Methods 123    4.8 Highly Oriented Products 132    4.9 Recycling of Production Waste 136    4.10 Finishing and Machining of POM 138    4.11 Conclusions 141    References 142    5 Polyoxymethylene Applications 153  Lidia Tokarz, Slawomir Pawlowski and Michal Kedzierski    5.1 Introduction 153    5.2 Automotive Industry, Mechanical Engineering 156    5.3 Electrical and Electronic Industry, Fancy Goods 157    5.4 Medical Applications 158    5.5 Future Trends 160    References 160    6 Structure and Morphology of Polyoxymethylene 163  Maria Raimo    6.1 Introduction 163    6.2 Crystalline Structure of POM: Orthorhombic and Hexagonal Phases 165    6.3 Crystal Structure Determination 170    6.4 Morphology of Orthorhombic and Hexagonal POM 173    6.5 Morphology of Rubber-Modified POM 179    6.6 Structure-Properties Relationships 181  References 186    7 Crystal Structure and Crystallization Behavior of POM and its Microscopically-Viewed Relation with the Physical and Thermal Properties on the Basis of X-ray Scattering, Vibrational Spectroscopy and Lattice Dynamical Theory 193  Kohji Tashiro    7.1 Introduction 194    7.2 Crystal Structure Analysis of POM 195    7.3 Vibrational Spectra of POM 204    7.4 Structural Evolution in Isothermal Crystallization 207    7.5 Microscopically-Viewed Mechanical Property of POM 216    7.6 Conclusions 223    Acknowledgements 224    References 224    8 Physical Properties of Polyoxymethylene 227  Johannes Karl Fink    8.1 Introduction 227    8.2 Density 228    8.3 Hardness 230    8.4 Heat Capacity 231    8.5 Melt Flow 231    8.6 Water Absorption 235    8.7 Gas Permeability 236    8.8 Specific Absorption 238    References 239    9 POM Mechanical Properties 241  Fahmi Bedoui and Bruno Fayolle    9.1 Short Term Properties 242    9.2 Long-Term Properties 249    9.3 Conclusion 252    Acknowledgement 253    References 253    10 Thermal Properties and Flammability of Polyoxymethylene 257  Vasiliki-Maria Archodoulaki and Sigrid Luft l    10.1 Glass Transition and Melting Temperature 257    10.2 Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion 260    10.3 Thermal Conductivity and Specific Heat 260    10.4 HDT and Vicat 261    10.5 Thermo-Oxidative Degradation Behavior and Aging 261    10.6 Testing of Long-Term Heat Aging 266    10.7 Flammability 267    10.8 Hot Sterilization 270    References 271    11 Chemical Resistance of Polyoxymethylene 277  Sigrid Luft l and Emmanuel Richaud    11.1 Intoduction 277    11.2 Degradation and Oxidation Mechanisms in POM 278    11.3 Resistance to Chemicals 283    References 295    12 The Electrical Response of Polyoxymethylene (POM) 301  D.A. Wasylyshyn    12.1 Introduction 301    12.2 Interactions between POM and Electromagnetic Waves 302    12.3 Interactions between POM and Arc Plasma 313    References 318    13 Electrical and Optical Properties of Polyoxymethylene 321  Natamai Subramanian Muralisrinivasan    13.1 Introduction 321    13.2 Electrical Properties 322    13.3 Optical Properties 327    References 329    14 Nanocomposites of Polyoxymethylene 331  Agnieszka Leszczynska and Krzysztof Pielichowski    14.1 Introduction 331    14.2 Preparation and Structure of POM Nanocomposites with Different Nanoadditives 332    14.3 Properties of Polyoxymethylene-Based Nanocomposites 347    14.4 POM Blends as Matrices in Nanocomposite Materials 376    14.5 POM Nanostructures - Electrospun POM Nanofibers 381    14.6 Applications of POM-Based Nanocomposites and Future Trends 385    14.7 Conclusions 386    List of acronyms 387    References 388    15 Future, Environmental Impact and Suppliers 399  Takashi Iwamoto and Junzo Masamoto    15.1 Introduction 400    15.2 Developments and Specialty Resins 400    15.3 Safety (Regulation and Approvals) 421    15.4 Environmental Impact 424    15.5 Suppliers and Commercial Grades 426    15.6 Future 426    References 432    Index 435