General Chemistry

Contents
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
To the Student
Ch 1: Chemistry: Matter on the Atomic Scale
	1.1 What is Chemistry?
	1.2 Classification of Matter
	1.3 Units and Measurement
	1.4 Unit Conversions
	Unit Recap
Ch 2: Elements and Compounds
	2.1 The Structure of the Atom
	2.2 Elements and the Periodic Table
	2.3 Covalent Compounds
	2.4 Ions and Ionic Compounds
	Unit Recap
Ch 3: Stoichiometry
	3.1 The Mole and Molar Mass
	3.2 Stoichiometry and Compound Formulas
	3.3 Stoichiometry and Chemical Reactions
	3.4 Stoichiometry and Limiting Reactants
	3.5 Chemical Analysis
	Unit Recap
Ch 4: Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
	4.1 Types of Chemical Reactions
	4.2 Aqueous Solutions
	4.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution
	4.4 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
	4.5 Stoichiometry of Reactions in Aqueous Solution
	Unit Recap
Ch 5: Thermochemistry
	5.1 Energy
	5.2 Enthalpy
	5.3 Energy, Temperature Changes, and Changes of State
	5.4 Enthalpy Changes and Chemical Reactions
	5.5 Hess\'s Law
	5.6 Standard Heats of Reaction
	Unit Recap
Ch 6: Electromagnetic Radiation and the Electronic Structure of the Atom
	6.1 Electromagnetic Radiation
	6.2 Photons and Photon Energy
	6.3 Atomic Line Spectra and the Bohr Model of Atomic Structure
	6.4 Quantum Theory of Atomic Structure
	6.5 Quantum Numbers, Orbitals, and Nodes
	Unit Recap
Ch 7: Electron Configurations and the Properties of Atoms
	7.1 Electron Spin and Magnetism
	7.2 Orbital Energy
	7.3 Electron Configuration of Elements
	7.4 Properties of Atoms
	7.5 Formation and Electron Configuration of Ions
	Unit Recap
Ch 8: Covalent Bonding and Molecular Structure
	8.1 An Introduction to Covalent Bonding
	8.2 Lewis Structures
	8.3 Bond Properties
	8.4 Electron Distribution in Molecules
	8.5 Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory and Molecular Shape
	8.6 Molecular Polarity
	Unit Recap
Ch 9: Theories of Chemical Bonding
	9.1 Valence Bond Theory
	9.2 Hybrid Orbitals
	9.3 Pi Bonding
	9.4 Molecular Orbital Theory
	Unit Recap
Ch 10: Gases
	10.1 Properties of Gases
	10.2 Historical Gas Laws
	10.3 The Combined and Ideal Gas Laws
	10.4 Partial Pressure and Gas Law Stoichiometry
	10.5 Kinetic Molecular Theory
	Unit Recap
Ch 11: Intermolecular Forces and the Liquid State
	11.1 Kinetic Molecular Theory, States of Matter, and Phase Changes
	11.2 Vapor Pressure
	11.3 Other Properties of Liquids
	11.4 The Nature of Intermolecular Forces
	11.5 Intermolecular Forces and the Properties of Liquids
	Unit Recap
Ch 12: The Solid State
	12.1 Introduction to Solids
	12.2 Metallic Solids
	12.3 Ionic Solids
	12.4 Bonding in Metallic and Ionic Solids
	12.5 Phase Diagrams
	Unit Recap
Ch 13: Chemical Mixtures: Solutions and Other Mixtures
	13.1 Quantitative Expressions of Concentration
	13.2 Inherent Control of Solubility
	13.3 External Control of Solubility
	13.4 Colligative Properties
	13.5 Other Types of Mixtures
	Unit Recap
Ch 14: Chemical Kinetics
	14.1 Introduction to Kinetics
	14.2 Expressing the Rate of a Reaction
	14.3 Rate Laws
	14.4 Concentration Change over Time
	14.5 Activation Energy and Temperature
	14.6 Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
	Unit Recap
Ch 15: Chemical Equilibrium
	15.1 The Nature of the Equilibrium State
	15.2 The Equilibrium Constant, K
	15.3 Using Equilibrium Constants in Calculations
	15.4 Disturbing a Chemical Equilibrium: Le Chatelier\'s Principle
	Unit Recap
Ch 16: Acids and Bases
	16.1 Introduction to Acids and Bases
	16.2 Water and the pH Scale
	16.3 Acid and Base Strength
	16.4 Estimating the pH of Acid and Base Solutions
	16.5 Acid-Base Properties of Salts
	16.6 Molecular Structure and Control of Acid-Base Strength
	Unit Recap
Ch 17: Advanced Acid-Base Equilibria
	17.1 Acid-Base Reactions
	17.2 Buffers
	17.3 Acid-Base Titrations
	17.4 Some Important Acid-Base Systems
	Unit Recap
Ch 18: Precipitation and Lewis Acid-Base Equilibria
	18.1 Solubility Equilibria and Ksp
	18.2 Using Ksp in Calculations
	18.3 Lewis Acid-Base Complexes and Complex Ion Equilibria
	18.4 Simultaneous Equilibria
	Unit Recap
Ch 19: Thermodynamics: Entropy and Free Energy
	19.1 Entropy and the Three Laws of Thermodynamics
	19.2 Calculating Entropy Change
	19.3 Gibbs Free Energy
	Unit Recap
Ch 20: Electrochemistry
	20.1 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions and Electrochemical Cells
	20.2 Cell Potentials, Free Energy, and Equilibria
	20.3 Electrolysis
	20.4 Applications of Electrochemistry: Batteries and Corrosion
	Unit Recap
Ch 21: Organic Chemistry
	21.1 Hydrocarbons
	21.2 Isomerism
	21.3 Functional Groups
	21.4 Synthetic Polymers
	21.5 Biopolymers
	Unit Recap
Ch 22: Applying Chemical Principles to the Main-Group Elements
	22.1 Structures of the Elements
	22.2 Oxides and Halides of the Nonmetals
	22.3 Compounds of Boron and Carbon
	22.4 Silicon
	22.5 Oxygen and Sulfur in the Atmosphere
	Unit Recap
Ch 23: The Transition Metals
	23.1 Properties of the Transition Metals
	23.2 Isolation from Metal Ores
	23.3 Coordination Compounds: Structure and Isomerism
	23.4 Coordination Compounds: Bonding and Spectroscopy
	Unit Recap
Ch 24: Nuclear Chemistry
	24.1 Nuclear Reactions
	24.2 Nuclear Stability
	24.3 Kinetics of Radioactive Decay
	24.4 Fission and Fusion
	24.5 Applications and Uses of Nuclear Chemistry
	Unit Recap
Reference Tables
Glossary
Index