Gateway to Memory: An Introduction to Neural Network Modeling of the Hippocampus and Learning

Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 12
Acknowledgments......Page 16
I: Fundamentals......Page 18
1.1 Computational Models as Tools......Page 20
1.2 Goals and Structure of This Book......Page 22
2.1 Introduction......Page 28
2.2 Human Memory and the Medial Temporal Lobes......Page 31
2.3 Animal Learning Studies of Hippocampal Function......Page 41
2.4 Classical Conditioning and the Hippocampus......Page 48
2.5 Is a Unified Theory of Hippocampal Function in Learning Possible?......Page 57
Summary......Page 58
3 Association in Neural Networks......Page 60
3.1 What Is a Neural Network?......Page 61
3.2 Neural Network Models of Learning......Page 68
3.3 Relationship to Animal Learning......Page 78
3.4 Limitations of Error-Correction Learning......Page 92
Summary......Page 96
4 Representation and Generalization in Neural Networks......Page 98
4.1 Representation and Generalization......Page 99
4.2 When Similar Stimuli Map to Similar Outcomes......Page 103
4.3 When Similar Stimuli Map to Different Outcomes......Page 111
Summary......Page 127
5 Unsupervised Learning: Autoassociative Networks and the Hippocampus......Page 128
5.1 Autoassociative Networks......Page 131
5.2 Hippocampal Anatomy and Autoassociation......Page 134
5.3 Autoencoders: Autoassociation with Representation......Page 141
5.4 Interim Summary: Where Are We Now?......Page 156
II: Modeling Memory......Page 160
6 Cortico-Hippocampal Interaction in Associative Learning......Page 162
6.1 The Hippocampal Region and Adaptive Representations......Page 163
6.2 Schmajuk and DiCarlo (S-D) Model......Page 182
6.3 Relationship of Models to Qualitative Theories......Page 192
6.4 Implications for Human Memory and Memory Disorders......Page 198
Summary......Page 201
Appendix 6.1 Simulation Details......Page 203
7.1 Overview of Contextual Processing......Page 206
7.2 Computational Models......Page 210
7.3 Relationship of Computational Models to Qualitative Theories......Page 224
7.4 Implications for Human Memory and Memory Disorders......Page 228
Summary......Page 231
8 Stimulus Representation in Cortex......Page 232
8.1 Cortical Representation and Plasticity......Page 233
8.2 Computational Models......Page 240
8.3 Relationship of Computational Models to Qualitative Theories......Page 267
8.4 Implications for Human Memory and Memory Disorders......Page 271
Summary......Page 273
Appendix 8.1 Simulation Details......Page 274
9 Entorhinal Cortex......Page 276
9.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Hippocampal Region......Page 277
9.2 Computational Models......Page 282
9.3 Relationship to Qualitative Theories: Stimulus Buffering and Configuration......Page 308
9.4 Implications for Human Memory and Memory Disorders......Page 311
Summary......Page 319
Appendix 9.1 Simulation Details......Page 320
10 Cholinergic Modulation of Hippocampal-Region Function......Page 322
10.1 Acetylcholine as a Neuromodulator......Page 323
10.2 Computational Models......Page 328
10.3 Other Theories and Issues......Page 351
10.4 Implications for Human Memory and Memory Disorders......Page 355
Appendix 10.1 Simulation Details......Page 359
11.1 Hippocampal Function Can Best Be Understood in Terms of How the Hippocampus Interacts and Cooperates with the Functioning of Other Brain Systems......Page 362
11.2 Partial Versus Complete Lesions May Differ in More Than Just Degree......Page 363
11.4 Studies of the Simplest Forms of Animal Learning May Bootstrap Us Toward Understanding More Complex Aspects of Learning and Memory in Humans......Page 364
11.5 Keep It Simple. Keep It Useful. Keep It Testable.......Page 365
Conclusion......Page 367
Glossary......Page 368
Notes......Page 390
References......Page 408
B......Page 440
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A......Page 456
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