GATE 2019 Electrical Engineering

Cover
Contents
Preface
Key Pedagogical Features
Syllabus: Electrical Engineering
Chapter-wise Analysis of GATE Previous Years’ Papers
General Information about GATE
Solved Papers 2017
GATE 2018 Solved PaperElectrical Engineering
	Set – 1
Part I: General Aptitude
	Part A: Verbal Ability
		Chapter 1: Grammar
			Introduction
			Grammar—Overview
			Phrases and Clauses
			Conditionals
			Types of Sentences (Structural)
			Types of Sentences (Semantic)
			Sentences Correction
			Correct Use of Articles
			Correct use of Pronouns
			Correct Use of Adjectives
			Correct use of Adverbs
			Correct Use of the Verb
			Non-Finites
			Correct Use of Prepositions
			Correct Use of Conjunctions
			Notes on Phrasal Verbs
			Active & Passive Voice
			Direct and Indirect Speech
			Diction (Words with Similar Pronunciation)
			Exercises
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 2: Vocabulary
			Common Roots
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
			Test
			Answer Keys
	Part B: Numerical Ability
		Unit I: Quantitative Aptitude
			Chapter 1: Simple Equations
				Introduction
				One Equation in one Unknown
				Two Equations in Two Unknowns
				Three Equations in Three Unknowns
				Additional Cases in Linear Equations
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 2: Ratio-Proportion-Variation
				Ratio
				Proportion
				Variation
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 3: Numbers
				Numbers
				Rule of Signs
				Classification of Real Numbers
				Perfect Numbers
				Rules for Divisibility
				Number of Factors of a Number
				LCM and HCF Models
				Successive Division
				Factorial
				Number Systems
				Conversions
				Binary Arithmetic
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 4: Percentage, Profit and Loss
				Percentage
				Profit and Loss
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 5: Simple Interest and Compound Interest
				Interest
				Present Value
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 6: Averages, Mixtures and Alligations
				Averages
				Points to Remember
				Mixtures
				Alligations
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 7: Time and Work
				Work
				Pipes and Cisterns
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 8: Time and Distance
				Introduction
				Speed
				Boats and Streams
				Races and Circular Tracks
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 9: Indices, Surds, Logarithms
				Indices
				Logarithms
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 10: Quadratic Equations
				Quadratic Equations
				Sum and Product of Roots of a Quadratic Equation
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 11: Inequalities
				Inequalities And Modulus
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 12: progressions
				Progressions
				Geometric Progression (G.P.)
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 13: Permutations and Combinations
				Introduction
				Permutations
				Combinations
				Circular Permutations
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 14: Data Interpretation
				Introduction
				Data Table
				Pie-Charts
				Two-Dimensional Graphs
				Exercises
				Previous Years’ Questions
				Answer Keys
				Test
				Answer Keys
		Unit II: Reasoning
			Chapter 1: Number and Letter Series
				Introduction
				Number Series
				Letter Series
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 2: Analogies
				Analogy
				Number Analogies
				Letter Analogies
				Verbal Analogies
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 3: Odd Man Out (Classification)
				Introduction
				Alphabet ClassifiCatioN
				Word Classification
				Number Classification
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 4: Coding and Decoding
				Coding and Decoding
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 5: Blood Relations
				Blood Relations
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 6: Venn Diagrams
				Venn Diagrams
				Venn Diagram Type I
				Venn Diagram Type II
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 7: Seating Arrangements
				Linear Sequencing
				Circular Arrangement
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 8: Puzzles
				Puzzles
				Order Sequence
				Selections
				Exercise
				Answer Keys
			Chapter 9: Clocks and Calendars
				Clocks
				Calendar
				Exercise
				Previous Years’ Questions
				Answer Keys
				Test
				Answer Keys
Part II: Engineering Mathematics
	Chapter 1: Linear Algebra
		Introduction
		Determinants
		Systems of Linear Equations
		Exercise
		Previous Years’ Questions
		Answer Keys
	Chapter 2: Calculus
		Limit of a Function
		Exercise
		Previous Years’ Questions
		Answer Keys
	Chapter 3: Differential Equations
		Introduction
		DifferentiaL Equations
		Exercise
		Previous Years’ Questions
		Answer Keys
	Chapter 4: Complex Variables
		Complex Number
		Exercise
		Previous Years’ Questions
		Answer Keys
	Chapter 5: Probability and Statistics
		Probability
		Some Special Discrete Distributions
		Some Special Continuous Distributions
		Statistics
		Exercise
		Previous Years’ Questions
		Answer Keys
	Chapter 6: Numerical Methods
		NumericaL Methods
		Exercise
		Previous Years’ Questions
		Answer Keys
	Chapter 7: Transform Theory
		Laplace Transform
		Inverse Laplace Transforms
		Fourier Transforms
		Exercise
		Previous Years’ Questions
		Answer Keys
		Test
		Answer Keys
Part III: Electrical Engineering
	Unit I: Signals and Systems
		Chapter 1: Introduction to Signals and Systems
			Introduction
			Basic Operations on Signals
			Elementary Signals
			Systems and Classification of Systems
			Linear Time Invariant Systems
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 2: Laplace Transform
			Laplace Transform
			THe Region of Convergence
			Laplace Transforms of Some Elementary Signals
			Properties of Laplace Transform
			Inverse Laplace Transform
			Unilateral Laplace Transform
			Analysis of Continuous Time LTI System
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 3: z-Transform
			Sampling
			Sampling Theorem
			The z-Transform
			Region of Convergence
			Properties of the ROC
			z-transforms of the Some Common Sequences
			z-Transform Properties
			Inverse z-Transform
			Analysis of Discrete-time LTI Systems
			The Unilateral z-Transform
			Relationship between z and Laplace Transform
			Structures for Realization of IIR Systems
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 4: Continuous Time Fourier Analysis
			Introduction
			Approximation of a Signal by Other Signals
			Fourier Series Representation of Periodic Signals
			Properties of Continuous Time Fourier Series
			Continuous Time (CT) Fourier Transform
			Relation Between Fourier Transform and Laplace Transform
			Properties of the Continuous-time Fourier Transform
			Frequency Response of Continuous-time LTI Systems
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
			Test
			Answers Keys
	Unit II: Analog and Digital Electronics
		Chapter 1: Diode Circuits
			Small Signal Equivalent Circuit of Diode
			Elementary Diode Applications
			Voltage Multipliers
			Power Supplies
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 2: Bipolar Junction Transistors
			Introduction
			Transistor Current Components
			Operation modes of Transistor
			Transistor Configurations
			Common Emitter Configuration
			Comparison of Various characteristics of Transistor
			Thermal Run Away
			Power Rating of Transistor
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 3: Field Effect Transistors
			Introduction
			JFET
			Comparisons of JFET and BJT
			Introduction to MOSFET
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 4: Transistor Biasing
			The Operating Point
			Bias Stability
			Biasing the BJT
			Bias Compensation
			Thermal Run Away
			Biasing the FET
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 5: Amplifiers
			Introduction
			The re Transistor Model
			BJT AC Analysis
			The Hybrid Equivalent Model
			Two Port Systems Approach
			Frequency Response Analysis of Amplifiers
			Multi Stage Amplifiers
			High Frequency Response of an Amplifier (π model)
			FET Amplifier Stages
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answers Keys
		Chapter 6: Differential and Feedback Amplifiers
			The Differential Amplifier
			Feedback Amplifiers
			Power Amplifiers
			555 Timer
			Voltage Controlled Oscillator
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 7: Operational Amplifiers
			Operational Amplifiers
			Electrical Parameters of Op-amp
			Open Loop op-amp Configurations
			Closed Loop Op-amp Configurations
			Filters
			Oscillators
			Waveform Generators and Wave Shaping Circuits
			Power Supplies
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 8: Boolean Algebra and Minimization of Functions
			Logic Gates
			Boolean Algebra
			Properties of Boolean Algebra
			Boolean Functions, Min Terms and Max Terms
			Minimization of Boolean Functions
			Implementation of Function by Using NAND–NOR Gates
			EX-OR, EX-NOR Gates
			Digital IC Families
			Exercises
			Previous Years' Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 9: Combinational Circuits
			Introduction
			Combinational Logic Design
			Arithmetic Circuits
			Decoder
			Encoders
			Multiplexer
			De-multiplexer
			Memory and Programmable Logic
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Anseer Keys
		Chapter 10: Sequential Circuits
			Sequential Circuits
			Latches
			Flip-flops
			Counters
			Registers
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 11: Sample and Hold, A/D and D/A Circuits
			Sample and Hold Circuit
			Digital to Analog Converter
			Analog to Digital Converters
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 12: Microprocessor 8085
			IntroductIon
			OrganIzatIon of MIcroprocessor Based System
			MIcroprocessor 8085
			Instructions Classifications
			8085 Signals
			Additional Instructions
			Stack
			Subroutine
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
			Test
			Answer Keys
	Unit III: Electric Circuits and Fields
		Chapter 1: Network Elements and Basic Laws
			Basic Concepts
			Energy Sources
			Basic Definitions
			Circuit Elements in Series
			Circuit Elements are Connected in Parallel
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 2: Network Theorems
			Superposition Theorem
			Thevenin’s Theorem
			Norton’s Theorem
			Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
			Reciprocity Theorem
			Millman’s Theorem
			Tellegen’s Theorem
			Substitution Theorem
			Compensation Theorem
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 3: Transient Analysis (AC and DC)
			Introduction
			Classification of Transients
			Singularity Functions
			Higher–order Circuits
			AC Transients
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 4: Two Port Networks
			Introduction
			Classification of Networks
			Network Configuration
			Open Circuit or Impedance (Z) Parameters
			Y-Parameters or Short Circuit Admittance Parameters
			Hybrid Parameters
			G-Parameters or Inverse Hybrid Parameters
			Transmission or ABCD Parameters
			Inverse Transmission Parameters
			Inter Connection of Networks
			ABCD Parameters in Terms of Z-Parameters and Y-Parameters
			Network Functions
			Network Graphs
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 5: Resonance
			Introduction
			Series Resonance
			Parallel Resonance
			Coupled Circuits
			Series Connection of Coupled Coils
			Magnetically Coupled Inductors in Parallel
			Transformer Coupling
			Network Functions and Laplace Transform
			Network Synthesis
			Network Function Have Four Canonical Forms
			Power Relations in AC Circuit
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 6: Filters and Field Theory
			Basic Filter Concepts
			Classification of Filters
			BasiC Filter Section
			Ideal Filters
			Filter Fundamentals
			Low-pass Filter
			High-pass Filter
			Band Pass Filter
			Band Elimination Filter
			Poly Phase Circuits
			Inter Connection of Three Phases
			Star to Delta and Delta to Star Transformation
			Electrical Fields
			Gradient, Divergence and Curl in all the Co-ordinate System
			Electric Field of Continuous Space Distribution of Charges
			Dielectrics Inductance and Capacitance
			Magnetostatics
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
			Test
			Answers Keys
	Unit IV: Electrical Machines
		Chapter 1: Transformers
			Introduction
			Ideal Two-winding Transformer
			Equivalent Circuit
			Transformer Tests
			Losses and Efficiency
			Voltage Regulation of a Transformer
			Conversion of Two-winding Transformer into Auto-transformer
			Parallel Operation of Single-Phase Transformers
			Three-phase Transformers
			Three-phase to Two-phase Conversion
			Parallel Operations of Three-phase Transformers
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 2: Principles of Electro Mechanical Energy Conversion
			Introduction
			Single Excited Magnetic Systems
			Doubly Excited Magnetic Systems
			Armature Windings
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 3: DC Machines
			Fundamentals of DC Machines
			Types of Generators
			EMF Equation of a DC Generator
			Losses in a DC Generator
			Armature Reaction
			Commutation
			Characteristics of a DC Generator
			Parallel Operation of DC Generators
			DC Motors
			Motor Characteristics
			Speed Control of DC Motors
			Electric Braking
			Testing of DC Machines
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 4: Induction Motors
			Introduction
			Principle of Operation
			Power Stages in an IM
			Equivalent Circuit of the Rotor
			Starting of IMS
			Speed Control of IM
			Revolving Field Theory of Single-Phase IM
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 5: Synchronous Machines
			Introduction
			EMF Equation
			Flux and MMF Phasors in Synchronous Machines
			Operation of a Salient-pole Synchronous Machine
			Two-reaction Theory
			Parallel Operation of Alternators
			Synchronizing Power and Synchronizing Torque
			Synchronous Motors
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
			Test
			Answer Keys
	Unit V: Power Electronics and Drives
		Chapter 1: Power Semiconductor Devices
			Introduction
			Power Diode
			Power Transistor
			Thyristor (SCR)
			Power MOSFET
			Other Members of Thyristor Family
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 2: AC to DC Converters (or) Rectifiers
			Single-phase Half-wave Rectifiers: With R Load
			Single-phase Full wave Mid-point Type Rectifiers
			Single-phase Full-wave Bridge-type Rectifier
			Single-phase Semi-converter
			Three-phase Uncontrolled Half-pave Rectifier
			Three-phase Controlled Half-wave Converter
			Three-phase Uncontrolled Full-wave Rectifier
			Single-phase Full-controlled Full-wave Rectifier
			Single-phase Dual ConverterI
			Three-phase Dual Converter
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 3: DC–DC Converters (or) Choppers
			Principle of Operation and Control
			Step-up Chopper
			Step-down Chopper
			Types of Chopper Circuits
			Voltage Commutated Chopper
			Current Commutated Chopper
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 4: DC–AC Converters (OR) Inverters
			Basic Inverter Principles and Classifications
			Single-phase Half-bridge Inverter
			Single-phase Full-bridge Inverter
			Modified McMurray Half-bridge Inverter
			Three-phase, Bridge Inverter
			Series Inverter
			Parallel Inverter
			Inverter Control Methods and Techniques
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 5: AC Voltage Converters (OR) Controllers and Electric Drives
			AC Voltage Controllers
			Single-phase Half-wave AC Voltage Controller
			Single-phase Full-wave AC Voltage Controller (AC Regulator) or RMS Voltage Controller with Resistive Load
			Multistage Sequence Control of AC Regulators
			Cyclo Converters
			Electric Drives
			Speed Control of Motors
			Single-phase Converter Drives
			Three-phase Converter Drives
			Chopper-controlled Drives
			AC Drives
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
			Test
			Answer Keys
	Unit VI: Electrical and Electronic Measurements
		Chapter 1: Error Analysis and R, L, C Measurements
			Electrical Measuring Instruments
			Error Analysis
			Basic Terminologies
			Resistance Measurement
			Measurement of Inductance
			Measurement of Capacitance
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 2: Electrical Measuring Instruments
			Indicating Instruments
			Types of Torques
			Moving Coil Instruments
			Electrodynamometer Type Instruments
			Moving Iron Instruments
			Induction Type Instruments
			Measurement of Electric Voltage and Current
			Current Transformer (C.T.)
			Potential Transformers
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 3: Measurement of Power and Energy
			Measurement of Power
			Measurement of Power in AC Circuits
			Measurement of Power in Three-phase Circuits
			Measurement of Energy
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 4: Cathode Ray Oscilloscope and Electronic Voltmeters
			Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
			Construction, Operation and Working
			Applications of CRO
			Analog and Digital Voltmeters
			Digital Voltmeters
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 5: Magnetic Measurements and Transducers
			Magnetic Measurements
			Measurement of Displacement
			Measurement of Velocity
			Measurement of Speed of Rotation
			Measurement of Flow
			Measurement of Strain
			Measurement of Force or Pressure
			Measurement of Temperature
			Exercises
			Answer Keys
			Test
			Answer Keys
	Unit VII: Power Systems
		Chapter 1: Power System Generation, Transmission and Distribution
			Basics of Power System
			Structure of Power Systems
			Basic Power Generation Concepts
			Economic Aspects
			Power System Representation
			Per Unit System
			Mechanical Design of Transmission Lines
			Electrical Design of Overhead Lines
			Performance of Lines
			Underground Cables
			Corona
			Skin Effect
			Methods of Voltage Control
			Power Factor Improvement
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 2: Fault Analysis
			Introduction
			Transients in Transmission Line
			Symmetrical Components
			Unbalanced Fault Analysis
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 3: Load Flow Analysis and Protection
			Bus AdmIttance MatrIx
			Bus Impedance Matrix
			Load Flow Analysis
			Optimal Operation of Generators
			Power System Protection
			Classification of Relays
			Circuit Breaker
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 4: Power Systems Stability
			Introduction
			Steady-state Stability Analysis
			Transient Stability Analysis
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 5: HVDC and FACTS
			High-voltage DC Transmission
			FACTS
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
			Test
			Answer Keys
	Unit VIII: Control Systems
		Chapter 1: Introduction to Control Systems
			Basic Definitions
			Open Loop Control System (OLCS)
			Closed Loop Control System (CLCS)
			Other Classification of Control Systems
			Transfer Function
			Sensitivity Analysis
			Block Diagram
			Signal-flow Graph
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 2: Time Response Analysis
			Time Response
			Time Response of a Second-order System
			Steady-state Error Analysis
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 3: Stability Analysis
			Introduction to Stability
			Routh–Hurwitz Criterion
			Root Locus
			Frequency Response Analysis
			Bode Plot
			Polar Plot
			Nyquist Criterion
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 4: Controllers and Compensators
			Compensators and Controllers
			Compensators
			Controllers
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
		Chapter 5: State Space Analysis
			Basic Definitions
			Transfer Function to State Space Model
			Controllability
			Observability
			Solution of State Equations
			Exercises
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Answer Keys
			Test
			Answer Keys