Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces

Front Matter....Pages i-x
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Physical-Chemical Phenomena and Molecular Properties....Pages 3-16
The Determination of Henry’s Constant for Volatile Organics by Equilibrium Partitioning in Closed Systems....Pages 17-25
Volatilization of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons from Water....Pages 27-34
The Ratio of Gas-Phase to Liquid-Phase Mass Transfer Coefficients in Gas-Liquid Contacting Processes....Pages 35-45
Absorption of Gases at Condensing and Evaporating Water Surfaces....Pages 47-56
The Effects of Evaporation and Condensation on an Absorption Process....Pages 57-64
Front Matter....Pages 65-65
Turbulence Structure and Turbulent Diffusion Near Gas-Liquid Interfaces....Pages 67-82
Turbulence Measurements Near the Free Surface in Stirred Grid Experiments....Pages 83-92
A Laboratory Technique for Investigating the Relationship between Gas Transfer and Fluid Turbulence....Pages 93-100
Carbon Dioxide Transfer at the Gas/Water Interface as a Function of System Turbulence....Pages 101-111
Turbulence Structure of Wavy Stratified Air-Water Flow....Pages 113-123
Current Fluctuations in the Surface Waters of Small Lakes....Pages 125-131
Moisture and Heat Transport in a Stably Stratified Boundary Layer over a Water Surface....Pages 133-143
Front Matter....Pages 145-145
Wind-Wave Effects on Gas Transfer....Pages 147-170
Interfacial Motion Observed during Experiments on Air-Water Gas Transfer....Pages 171-180
A Laboratory Study of the Velocity Field Below Surface Gravity Waves....Pages 181-190
The Roles of Langmuir Circulations in Gas Transfer Across Natural Water Surfaces....Pages 191-199
Measurements of the Fluctuating Pressure in the Turbulent Boundary Layer over Progressive, Mechanically Generated Water Waves....Pages 201-209
Experimental Studies of Surface Wave Breaking and Air Entrainment....Pages 211-219
Bubbles Produced by Breaking Wind Waves....Pages 221-227
Front Matter....Pages 145-145
The Role of Bubbles for Gas Transfer from Water to Air at Higher Windspeeds. Experiments in the Wind-Wave Facility in Hamburg....Pages 229-236
A New Optical Bubble Measuring Device; A Simple Model for Bubble Contribution to Gas Exchange....Pages 237-246
Contribution of Bubbles to Gas Transfer Across an Air-Water Interface....Pages 247-253
Entrapment and Transport of Bubbles by Plunging Water....Pages 255-268
Front Matter....Pages 269-269
Conceptual Models of Gas Exchange....Pages 271-281
A Comparison of Turbulent Mass Transfer at Gas-Liquid and Solid-Liquid Interfaces....Pages 283-292
The Variation of the Gas Transfer Coefficient with Molecular Diffusity....Pages 293-302
Wind/Wave-Tunnel Experiment on the Schmidt Number — and Wave Field Dependence of Air/Water Gas Exchange....Pages 303-309
A Model of Interfacial Gas Transfer for a Well-Roughened Sea....Pages 311-320
Turbulent Transfer Across Smooth and Rough Surfaces....Pages 321-331
Reaeration of Open Channel Flow....Pages 333-346
Dependence of Oxygen Transfer Rate on Energy Dissipation during Surface Aeration and in Stream Flow....Pages 347-355
Wind Effects on Air-Water Oxygen Transfer in a Lake....Pages 357-367
Reaeration and Wind Induced Turbulence Shear in a Contained Water Body....Pages 369-377
Front Matter....Pages 379-379
Field Techniques for Reaeration Measurements in Rivers....Pages 381-401
Gas Transfer Rate Coefficient Measurement of Wastewater Aeration Equipment by a Stable Isotope Krypton/Lithium Technique....Pages 403-411
Reaeration Studies on Some New Zealand Rivers Using Methyl Chloride as a Gas Tracer....Pages 413-420
Dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon-12) as a Tracer for Nitrous Oxide Release from a Nitrogen-Enriched River....Pages 421-429
An Assessment of the Radiotracer Technique for Measuring Reaeration Rates in Large River Systems....Pages 431-436
Measurements of Wind Effects on Water-Side Controlled Gas Exchange in Riverine Systems....Pages 437-446
Front Matter....Pages 379-379
Optimum Application of the Radon Deficit Method to Obtain Air-Sea Gas Exchange Rates....Pages 447-457
Parametrization of Air/Lake Gas Exchange....Pages 459-466
Simultaneous in Situ Determination of Dissolved Gases by Gas Chromatography....Pages 467-475
Front Matter....Pages 477-477
Gas Exchange Measurements in Natural Systems....Pages 479-493
The Role of Oceanic Whitecaps in Air-Sea Gas Exchange....Pages 495-503
On the Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide between Ocean and Atmosphere in an Eastern Boundary Current....Pages 505-514
Invasion of Fossil Fuel CO 2 into the Ocean....Pages 515-523
 In Situ pH Measurements as an Indicator of CO 2 Gas Transfer in Glacial Melt-Waters....Pages 525-532
The Transfer of Mercury at the Air/Water Interface....Pages 533-538
Exchange Rates of Dimethyl Sulfide between Ocean and Atmosphere....Pages 539-545
Laboratory Observations on Transfer of Atmospheric Oxygen into Stratified Seawater....Pages 547-556
Front Matter....Pages 557-557
The Significance of Gas Exchange in Water Quality Assessment and Planning....Pages 559-576
The Sensitivity of the Dissolved Oxygen Balance to Predictive Reaeration Equations....Pages 577-588
Estimation of Volatilization of Toxics for Multimedia Modeling....Pages 589-595
Reaeration Measurement in Swamp Streams: Radiotracer Case Studies....Pages 597-604
Prediction of Dissolved Gas Transfer in Spillway and Outlet Works Stilling Basin Flows....Pages 605-612
Carbon Dioxide Desorption from the Activated Sludge at the Waste Water Treatment Plants....Pages 613-620
Volatilization of Fission Products in Nuclear Reactor Buildings....Pages 621-629
Self-Propelled Weir Aerators....Pages 631-639
Back Matter....Pages 641-641