Gardner’s Art through the Ages: A Global History

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright Page......Page 3
Contents
......Page 5
PREFACE......Page 12
RESOURCES......Page 16
INTRODUCTION WHAT IS ART HISTORY?......Page 18
The Questions Art Historians Ask......Page 19
The Words Art Historians Use......Page 23
Different Ways of Seeing......Page 29
Paleolithic Art......Page 32
Western Europe......Page 33
Ancient Near East......Page 41
Western Europe......Page 44
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Paleolithic Cave Painting......Page 37
ART AND SOCIETY: Art in the Old Stone Age......Page 38
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: The World’s Oldest Paintings?......Page 39
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 46
CHAPTER 2 THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST......Page 48
Sumer......Page 49
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Mesopotamian Seals......Page 56
ART AND SOCIETY: Hammurabi’s Law Code......Page 60
Assyria......Page 62
Neo-Babylonia and Persia......Page 64
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: The Gods and Goddesses of Mesopotamia......Page 50
ART AND SOCIETY: Enheduanna, Priestess and Poet......Page 58
WRITTEN SOURCES: The Piety of Gudea......Page 59
WRITTEN SOURCES: Babylon, City of Wonders......Page 65
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 68
CHAPTER 3 EGYPT UNDER THE PHARAOHS......Page 70
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: The Gods and Goddesses of Egypt......Page 71
Architecture......Page 73
Architecture......Page 76
Sculpture......Page 79
The Middle Kingdom......Page 81
Sculpture......Page 82
Architecture......Page 83
Architecture......Page 84
Sculpture and Painting......Page 88
Akhenaton and the Amarna Period......Page 90
The Tomb of Tutankhamen......Page 92
Kingdom of Kush......Page 94
After Alexander......Page 95
ART AND SOCIETY: Mummification and Immortality......Page 74
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: Building the Great Pyramids......Page 77
ART AND SOCIETY: Hatshepsut, the Woman Who Would Be King......Page 85
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 96
CHAPTER 4 THE PREHISTORIC AEGEAN......Page 98
Cycladic Art......Page 99
Architecture......Page 101
Painting......Page 102
Sculpture......Page 105
Mycenaean Art......Page 107
Architecture......Page 108
Metalwork, Sculpture, and Painting......Page 111
ART AND SOCIETY: Archaeology, Art History, and the Art Market......Page 100
ART AND SOCIETY: The Theran Eruption and the Chronology of Aegean Art......Page 104
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 114
CHAPTER 5 ANCIENT GREECE......Page 116
Geometric and Orientalizing Periods......Page 117
Geometric Art......Page 119
Orientalizing Art......Page 120
Archaic Period......Page 122
Statuary......Page 123
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: Greek Temple Plans......Page 126
Early and High Classical Periods......Page 135
Architecture and Architectural Sculpture......Page 136
Statuary......Page 138
The Athenian Acropolis......Page 142
ART AND SOCIETY: The Hegeso Stele......Page 151
Sculpture......Page 154
Alexander the Great and Macedonian Court Art......Page 157
Architecture......Page 160
Architecture......Page 162
Pergamon......Page 164
Sculpture......Page 166
Hellenistic Art under Roman Patronage......Page 170
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: The Gods and Goddesses of Mount Olympus......Page 118
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Greek Vase Painting......Page 121
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: Doric and Ionic Orders......Page 127
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Herakles, Greatest of Greek Heroes......Page 137
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Hollow-Casting Life-Size Bronze Statues......Page 139
WRITTEN SOURCES: Polykleitos’s Prescription for the Perfect Statue......Page 141
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: The Corinthian Capital......Page 161
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 172
Indus Civilization......Page 174
Maurya Dynasty......Page 177
WRITTEN SOURCES: Ashoka’s Conversion to Buddhism......Page 179
The Gupta and Post-Gupta Periods......Page 183
Early Medieval Period......Page 187
Java......Page 191
Cambodia......Page 192
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Buddhism and Buddhist Iconography......Page 178
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: The Stupa......Page 180
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: The Painted Caves of Ajanta......Page 184
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Hinduism and Hindu Iconography......Page 185
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: Hindu Temples......Page 189
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 196
Neolithic Age through Shang Dynasty......Page 198
Zhou and Qin Dynasties......Page 201
Han Dynasty......Page 204
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Silk and the Silk Road......Page 205
Tang Dynasty......Page 209
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Chinese Earthenwares and Stonewares......Page 213
Unified Silla Kingdom......Page 219
Koryo Dynasty......Page 221
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Shang Bronze-Casting......Page 200
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Chinese Jade......Page 202
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Daoism and Confucianism......Page 203
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: Chinese Wooden Construction......Page 206
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Chinese Painting Materials and Formats......Page 207
ARTISTS ON ART: Xie He’s Six Canons......Page 208
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY Chan Buddhism......Page 218
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 222
Jomon and Yayoi Periods......Page 224
Kofun Period......Page 226
Asuka and Nara Periods......Page 229
Heian Period......Page 232
Kamakura Period......Page 235
Buddhist Japan......Page 227
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Shinto......Page 228
ART AND SOCIETY: Heian Court Culture......Page 234
ART AND SOCIETY: Heian and Kamakura Artistic Workshops......Page 236
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 238
CHAPTER 9 THE ETRUSCANS......Page 240
Orientalizing Art......Page 241
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Etruscan Counterparts of Greco-Roman Gods and Heroes......Page 242
Classical Art......Page 248
Etruscan Art and the Rise of Rome......Page 249
WRITTEN SOURCES: Etruscan Artists in Rome......Page 243
ART AND SOCIETY: The “Audacity” of Etruscan Women......Page 244
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 252
CHAPTER 10 THE ROMAN EMPIRE......Page 254
ART AND SOCIETY: An Outline of Roman History......Page 256
Sculpture......Page 259
Architecture......Page 261
Painting......Page 263
ART AND SOCIETY: Role Playing in Roman Portraiture......Page 271
Augustus and the Julio-Claudians......Page 272
ART AND SOCIETY: Spectacles in the Colosseum......Page 277
Trajan......Page 280
Hadrian......Page 284
Ostia......Page 287
The Antonines......Page 289
The Severans......Page 293
The Soldier Emperors......Page 295
Diocletian and the Tetrarchy......Page 297
Constantine......Page 299
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: Roman Concrete Construction......Page 258
ART AND SOCIETY: Art for Former Slaves......Page 260
WRITTEN SOURCES: An Eyewitness Account of the Eruption of Mount Vesuvius......Page 262
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: The Roman House......Page 264
WRITTEN SOURCES: The Golden House of Nero......Page 276
WRITTEN SOURCES: Hadrian and Apollodorus of Damascus......Page 286
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Iaia of Cyzicus and the Art of Encaustic Painting......Page 292
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 304
Dura-Europos......Page 306
The Catacombs and Funerary Art......Page 308
Painting......Page 309
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Jewish Subjects in Christian Art......Page 310
Rome......Page 312
Ravenna......Page 318
Illuminated Manuscripts......Page 321
Ivory Carving......Page 323
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: The Life of Jesus in Art......Page 313
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Mosaics......Page 320
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Medieval Manuscript Illumination......Page 322
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Ivory Carving......Page 324
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 326
CHAPTER 12 BYZANTIUM......Page 328
Architecture and Mosaics......Page 329
Ivory Carving and Painting......Page 339
Architecture and Mosaics......Page 344
Ivory Carving and Painting......Page 350
Late Byzantine Art......Page 352
Painting......Page 353
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: Pendentives and Squinches......Page 332
ART AND SOCIETY: Theodora, a Most Unusual Empress......Page 337
WRITTEN SOURCES: The Emperors of New Rome......Page 340
ART AND SOCIETY: Icons and Iconoclasm......Page 343
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 356
CHAPTER 13 THE ISLAMIC WORLD......Page 358
Architecture......Page 359
Luxury Arts......Page 367
Architecture......Page 369
Luxury Arts......Page 375
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Muhammad and Islam......Page 360
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: The Mosque......Page 362
ARTISTS ON ART: Sinan the Great and the Mosque of Selim II......Page 371
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Islamic Tilework......Page 374
ART AND SOCIETY: Christian Patronage of Islamic Art......Page 379
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 380
CHAPTER 14 NATIVE ARTS OF THE AMERICAS BEFORE 1300......Page 382
Olmec and Preclassic West Mexico......Page 383
Teotihuacan......Page 385
Classic Maya......Page 387
Classic Veracruz......Page 392
Postclassic Mexico......Page 393
Intermediate Area......Page 396
Chavín......Page 397
Paracas, Nasca, and Moche......Page 398
Tiwanaku and Wari......Page 402
Woodlands......Page 404
ART AND SOCIETY: Serpent Mound......Page 406
ART AND SOCIETY: The Mesoamerican Ball Game......Page 389
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Andean Weaving......Page 399
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 408
CHAPTER 15 AFRICA BEFORE 1800......Page 410
Rock Art......Page 411
ART AND SOCIETY: Dating African Art and Identifying African Artists......Page 412
ART AND SOCIETY: Art and Leadership in Africa......Page 414
Djenne and Lalibela......Page 416
Great Zimbabwe......Page 418
Benin......Page 419
Sapi......Page 420
ART AND SOCIETY: Idealized Naturalism at Ile-Ife......Page 415
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 422
Art of the Warrior Lords......Page 424
Christian Art: Scandinavia, British Isles, Spain......Page 427
Carolingian Art......Page 432
ART AND SOCIETY: Charlemagne’s Renovatio Imperii Romani......Page 433
Architecture......Page 436
Architecture......Page 439
Sculpture and Painting......Page 441
ART AND SOCIETY: Medieval Books......Page 428
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: The Four Evangelists......Page 429
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Medieval Monasteries and Benedictine Rule......Page 437
ART AND SOCIETY: Theophanu, a Byzantine Princess in Ottonian Germany......Page 445
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 446
CHAPTER 17 ROMANESQUE EUROPE......Page 448
Architecture and Architectural Sculpture......Page 450
Painting and Other Arts......Page 460
Architecture......Page 462
ART AND SOCIETY: Romanesque Countesses, Queens, and Nuns......Page 465
Italy......Page 467
Architecture......Page 470
Painting and Other Arts......Page 474
ART AND SOCIETY: Pilgrimages and the Cult of Relics......Page 449
WRITTEN SOURCES: Timber Roofs and Stone Vaults......Page 452
WRITTEN SOURCES: Bernard of Clairvaux on Cloister Sculpture......Page 455
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: The Romanesque Church Portal......Page 456
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: The Crusades......Page 459
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Embroidery and Tapestry......Page 473
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 476
CHAPTER 18 GOTHIC EUROPE......Page 478
Architecture and Architectural Decoration......Page 479
Book Illumination and Luxury Arts......Page 498
England......Page 503
Holy Roman Empire......Page 506
WRITTEN SOURCES: Abbot Suger and the Rebuilding of Saint-Denis......Page 480
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: The Gothic Rib Vault......Page 481
ART AND SOCIETY: Scholasticism and Gothic Art and Architecture......Page 483
ARCHITECTURAL BASICS: The Gothic Cathedral......Page 486
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Stained-Glass Windows......Page 489
ART AND SOCIETY: Louis IX, the Saintly King......Page 499
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 512
Sculpture......Page 514
Painting and Architecture......Page 516
The 14th Century......Page 519
Giotto......Page 520
Siena......Page 522
Florence......Page 530
Pisa, Venice, and Milan......Page 531
ART AND SOCIETY: Italian Artists’ Names......Page 515
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: The Great Schism, Mendicant Orders, and Confraternities......Page 518
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Fresco Painting......Page 521
WRITTEN SOURCES: Artists’ Guilds, Commissions, and Contracts......Page 523
ART AND SOCIETY: Artistic Training in Renaissance Italy......Page 527
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 534
Burgundy and Flanders......Page 536
Chartreuse de Champmol......Page 537
Robert Campin, Jan van Eyck, and Rogier van der Weyden......Page 539
Later Flemish Panel Painters......Page 546
Manuscript Painting......Page 549
Sculpture......Page 551
Graphic Arts......Page 553
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Tempera and Oil Painting......Page 540
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Framed Paintings......Page 543
ART AND SOCIETY: The Artist’s Profession in Flanders......Page 545
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Woodcuts, Engravings, and Etchings......Page 554
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 556
CHAPTER 21 ITALY, 1400 TO 1500......Page 558
Sculpture......Page 559
Painting......Page 569
Architecture......Page 579
Rome and the Papal States......Page 585
Urbino......Page 587
Mantua......Page 589
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Renaissance Perspectival Systems......Page 564
ARTISTS ON ART: Cennino Cennini on Imitation and Emulation in Renaissance Art......Page 570
ART AND SOCIETY: Renaissance Family Chapel Endowments......Page 581
ART AND SOCIETY: Italian Princely Courts and Artistic Patronage......Page 586
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 594
High and Late Renaissance......Page 596
Leonardo da Vinci......Page 597
Raphael......Page 601
ARTISTS ON ART: Leonardo and Michelangelo on Painting versus Sculpture......Page 605
Architecture: Rome......Page 614
Architecture: Venice......Page 619
Venetian Painting......Page 621
Painting......Page 629
Sculpture......Page 635
Architecture......Page 637
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Renaissance Drawings......Page 598
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Restoring Renaissance Paintings......Page 612
WRITTEN SOURCES: Religious Art in Counter-Reformation Italy......Page 613
ARTISTS ON ART: Palma il Giovane on Titian......Page 626
ART AND SOCIETY: Women in the Renaissance Art World......Page 628
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 640
CHAPTER 23 NORTHERN EUROPE AND SPAIN, 1500 TO 1600 625......Page 642
Holy Roman Empire......Page 643
France......Page 651
The Netherlands......Page 654
Spain......Page 660
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Catholic and Protestant Views of Salvation......Page 648
ART AND SOCIETY: Protestantism and Iconoclasm......Page 649
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 664
Architecture and Sculpture......Page 666
Painting......Page 674
Spain......Page 682
Painting......Page 683
WRITTEN SOURCES: Giovanni Pietro Bellori on Annibale Carracci and Caravaggio 660......Page 677
ARTISTS ON ART: The Letters of Artemisia Gentileschi......Page 679
ART AND SOCIETY: Velázquez and Philip IV......Page 685
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 688
CHAPTER 25 NORTHERN EUROPE, 1600 TO 1700......Page 690
Painting......Page 691
Ter Brugghen, van Honthorst, Hals, Leyster......Page 696
Rembrandt......Page 700
Landscape and Interior Painting......Page 703
Still-Life Painting......Page 706
Painting and Graphic Art......Page 708
Architecture and Sculpture......Page 714
Architecture......Page 718
ARTISTS ON ART: Rubens on Consequences of War......Page 694
ART AND SOCIETY: Middle-Class Patronage and the Art Market in the Dutch Republic......Page 697
ARTISTS ON ART: Poussin’s Notes for a Treatise on Painting......Page 709
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 720
Sultanate of Delhi......Page 722
Vijayanagar Empire......Page 723
Mughal Empire......Page 724
Hindu Rajput Kingdoms......Page 727
Nayak Dynasty......Page 728
The British in India......Page 729
Thailand......Page 730
Vietnam......Page 732
Contemporary Art......Page 733
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Indian Miniature Painting......Page 725
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 734
Yuan Dynasty......Page 736
Ming Dynasty......Page 740
Qing Dynasty......Page 745
Korea......Page 747
Choson Dynasty......Page 748
Modern Korea......Page 749
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Chinese Porcelain......Page 739
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Lacquered Wood......Page 741
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Calligraphy and Inscriptions on Chinese Paintings......Page 743
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 750
Muromachi Period......Page 752
Momoyama Period......Page 755
Edo Period......Page 758
Showa Period......Page 763
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Zen Buddhism......Page 753
ART AND SOCIETY: The Japanese Tea Ceremony......Page 757
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Japanese Woodblock Prints......Page 761
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 766
Rococo......Page 768
Architecture......Page 769
Painting and Sculpture......Page 771
Philosophy and Science......Page 774
WRITTEN SOURCES: Diderot on Chardin......Page 777
ART AND SOCIETY: The Excavations of Herculaneum and Pompeii......Page 783
Painting......Page 784
Architecture and Sculpture......Page 787
WRITTEN SOURCES: Femmes Savantes and Salon Culture......Page 770
ART AND SOCIETY: The Grand Tour and Veduta Painting......Page 782
ARTISTS ON ART: David on Greek Style and Public Art......Page 785
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 792
Art Under Napoleon......Page 794
Roots of Romanticism......Page 801
Spain and France......Page 803
Landscape Painting......Page 810
France......Page 815
Germany and the United States......Page 822
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood......Page 826
Architecture......Page 827
Photography......Page 832
ART AND SOCIETY: The Romantic Spirit in Art, Music, and Literature......Page 807
ARTISTS ON ART: Delacroix in Morocco......Page 809
ARTISTS ON ART: Courbet on Realism......Page 816
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Lithography......Page 818
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Daguerreotype, Calotype, and Wet-Plate Photography......Page 831
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 836
CHAPTER 31 EUROPE AND AMERICA, 1870 TO 1900......Page 838
Impressionism......Page 839
Post-Impressionism......Page 848
Symbolism......Page 855
Sculpture......Page 860
Architecture and Decorative Arts......Page 863
ART AND SOCIETY: Academic Salons and Independent Art Exhibitions......Page 840
ARTISTS ON ART: Renoir on the Art of Painting......Page 844
ART AND SOCIETY: Japonisme......Page 846
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: 19th-Century Color Theory......Page 849
ARTISTS ON ART: The Letters of Vincent van Gogh......Page 851
ARTISTS ON ART: Rodin on Movement in Art and Photography......Page 862
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 868
Mesoamerica......Page 870
Aztec......Page 871
Inka......Page 875
North America......Page 877
Southwest......Page 878
Northwest Coast and Alaska......Page 879
Great Plains......Page 883
RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: Aztec Religion......Page 873
ART AND SOCIETY: Gender Roles in Native American Art......Page 880
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 886
CHAPTER 33 OCEANIA......Page 888
Australia......Page 889
New Guinea......Page 890
Caroline Islands......Page 895
Easter Island......Page 897
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Tongan Barkcloth......Page 898
Cook and Marquesas Islands......Page 899
Hawaii......Page 901
New Zealand......Page 902
ART AND SOCIETY: Women’s Roles in Oceania......Page 896
ART AND SOCIETY: Tattoo in Polynesia......Page 900
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 904
San......Page 906
Fang and Kota......Page 907
Bamum......Page 909
Kongo......Page 910
Baule......Page 911
Benin......Page 912
ART AND SOCIETY: African Artists and Apprentices......Page 914
Yoruba......Page 915
ART AND SOCIETY: African Masquerades......Page 916
Dogon......Page 917
ART AND SOCIETY: Mende Women as Maskers......Page 918
Igbo......Page 920
Contemporary Art......Page 921
ART AND SOCIETY: Gender Roles in African Art Production......Page 913
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 924
CHAPTER 35 EUROPE AND AMERICA, 1900 TO 1945......Page 926
Europe, 1900 to 1920......Page 927
Fauvism......Page 928
German Expressionism......Page 930
ART AND SOCIETY: Gertrude and Leo Stein and the Avant-Garde......Page 935
Futurism......Page 943
Dada......Page 945
America, 1900 to 1930......Page 949
ART AND SOCIETY: Art “Matronage” in America......Page 950
Photography......Page 955
Neue Sachlichkeit......Page 957
Surrealism......Page 960
Suprematism, Constructivism, and De Stijl......Page 965
Sculpture......Page 967
Sculpture and Photography......Page 970
Painting......Page 972
Europe......Page 977
America......Page 981
ARTISTS ON ART: Matisse on Color......Page 929
ART AND SOCIETY: Science and Art in the Early 20th Century......Page 932
ART AND SOCIETY: Primitivism and Colonialism......Page 937
ARTISTS ON ART: Picasso on Cubism......Page 941
ARTISTS ON ART: Futurist Manifestos......Page 944
ART AND SOCIETY: The Armory Show......Page 951
ART AND SOCIETY: Degenerate Art......Page 962
ARTISTS ON ART: Brancusi, Hepworth, and Moore on Abstract Sculpture......Page 968
ART AND SOCIETY: The Museum of Modern Art and the Avant-Garde......Page 971
ARTISTS ON ART: Rivera on Art for the People......Page 976
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 984
CHAPTER 36 EUROPE AND AMERICA AFTER 1945......Page 986
Postwar Expressionism in Europe......Page 987
Abstract Expressionism......Page 989
Post-Painterly Abstraction......Page 992
ARTISTS ON ART: David Smith on Outdoor Sculpture......Page 995
Pop Art......Page 998
Superrealism......Page 1002
Neo-Expressionism......Page 1004
Feminist Art......Page 1006
Modernism......Page 1019
Postmodernism......Page 1025
Deconstructivism......Page 1028
Performance Art......Page 1034
Conceptual Art......Page 1037
New Media......Page 1038
ARTISTS ON ART: Jackson Pollock on Easel and Mural Painting......Page 990
ARTISTS ON ART: Helen Frankenthaler on Color-Field Painting......Page 994
ARTISTS ON ART: Donald Judd on Sculpture and Industrial Materials......Page 996
ARTISTS ON ART: Roy Lichtenstein on Pop Art......Page 1000
ARTISTS ON ART: Chuck Close on Portrait Painting and Photography......Page 1003
ARTISTS ON ART: Judy Chicago on The Dinner Party......Page 1007
ART AND SOCIETY: Public Funding of Controversial Art......Page 1013
ART AND SOCIETY: Maya Lin’s Vietnam Veterans Memorial......Page 1024
ARTISTS ON ART: Philip Johnson on Postmodern Architecture......Page 1026
ARTISTS ON ART: Frank Gehry on Architectural Design and Materials......Page 1029
ART AND SOCIETY: Richard Serra’s Tilted Arc......Page 1033
ARTISTS ON ART: Carolee Schneemann on Painting, Performance Art, and Art History......Page 1035
THE BIG PICTURE......Page 1042
NOTES......Page 1043
GLOSSARY......Page 1047
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 1063
CREDITS......Page 1077
INDEX......Page 1083