Gale Group WorldMark Encyclopedia of the Nations Africa

CONTENTS......Page 4
READER’S GUIDE......Page 5
FOREWORD......Page 15
FOREWORD TO THE FIRST EDITION......Page 14
FROM THE INTRODUCTION TO THE FIRST EDITION......Page 16
CONVERSION TABLES......Page 19
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS......Page 20
GLOSSARY OF RELIGIOUSHOLIDAYS......Page 23
GLOSSARY OF SPECIAL TERMS......Page 27
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 30
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 36
THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM......Page 38
THE UNITED NATIONS FAMILY OF ORGANIZATIONS......Page 39
STRUCTURE OF THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM......Page 40
UN SPECIALIZED AND TECHNICAL AGENCIES......Page 41
THE SIZE AND COST OF THE UN SYSTEM......Page 42
COMPARISON WITH THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS......Page 43
THE UNS GREATER SCOPE......Page 44
DEVELOPMENTS LEADING TO THE SAN FRANCISCO CONFERENCE......Page 46
SUBSEQUENT CHARTER AMENDMENT......Page 47
PRINCIPLES......Page 49
ADMISSION OF MEMBERS......Page 50
REPRESENTATION OF NATIONS IN THE UN......Page 51
THE HEADQUARTERS BUILDINGS......Page 55
PUBLIC INFORMATION SERVICES......Page 56
PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES......Page 57
EMBLEM AND FLAG OF THE UN......Page 58
COMMITTEES ASSISTING THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN FINANCIAL MATTERS......Page 59
INCOME ESTIMATES......Page 60
PROPOSALS TO EASE THE UNS FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES......Page 61
FUNCTIONS AND POWERS......Page 64
ORGANIZATION......Page 65
AGENDA OF THE ASSEMBLY......Page 66
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ASSEMBLY......Page 67
MEMBERSHIP......Page 69
FUNCTIONS AND POWERS......Page 70
MAINTAINING INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY......Page 71
SUBSIDIARY ORGANS......Page 75
COMPOSITION......Page 78
SUBSIDIARY ORGANS......Page 79
ORGANIZATION OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES......Page 81
PROPOSED RESTRUCTURING......Page 82
THE UN TRUSTEESHIP SYSTEM......Page 83
THE TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL......Page 84
OPERATION OF THE TRUSTEESHIP SYSTEM......Page 85
NOMINATION AND ELECTION OF JUDGES......Page 86
COMPETENCE AND JURISDICTION OF THE COURT......Page 87
ADVISORY OPINIONS......Page 88
SOME CASE HISTORIES OF DISPUTES SUBMITTED TO THE COURT......Page 89
STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF THE SECRETARIAT......Page 91
THE EVOLVING ROLE OF THE SECRETARIAT......Page 95
THE ROLE OF THE UN SECRETARYGENERAL......Page 96
THE SECRETARIES GENERAL......Page 97
DEVELOPMENTS UNDER DAG HAMMARSKJfLD, 1953-1961......Page 99
DEVELOPMENTS UNDER U THANT, 19611971......Page 101
DEVELOPMENTS UNDER KURT WALDHEIM, 1972-1981......Page 102
DEVELOPMENTS UNDER JAVIER PYREZ DE CUYLLAR, 1982-1991......Page 103
DEVELOPMENTS UNDER BOUTROS BOUTROS-GHALI 1992-1996......Page 106
DEVELOPMENTS UNDER KOFI ANNAN, 1997-......Page 109
POLITICAL BACKGROUND TO THE UNS PEACEKEEPING ACTION......Page 113
TYPES OF ACTION TAKEN BY THE UN......Page 114
SOME CASE HISTORIES OF UN ACTION......Page 127
INITIAL EFFORTS......Page 136
SPECIAL SESSIONS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY ON DISARMAMENT......Page 137
DISARMAMENT MACHINERY......Page 139
MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS......Page 140
MAJOR ISSUES AND DISARMAMENT NEGOTIATION EFFORTS......Page 142
OTHER WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION......Page 148
CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS......Page 151
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES......Page 152
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE ARMS RACE......Page 153
STUDIES, RESEARCH, INFORMATION, AND TRAINING......Page 154
DEVELOPMENTS IN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION......Page 155
UN CONFERENCES ON OUTER SPACE......Page 156
DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW ON OUTER SPACE......Page 157
UN CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA......Page 158
THE CONTENTIOUS ISSUE OF DEEP SEA MINING......Page 159
FIRST UN DEVELOPMENT DECADE......Page 161
NEW INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER......Page 162
THIRD UN DEVELOPMENT DECADE......Page 163
FOURTH UN DEVELOPMENT DECADE......Page 164
THE EARTH SUMMITAGENDA 21......Page 165
THE 1994 AGENDA FOR DEVELOPMENT......Page 166
JOHANNESBURG SUMMIT......Page 167
WORLD FOOD COUNCIL (WFC)......Page 168
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT......Page 170
NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENERGY......Page 172
REGIONAL COMMISSIONS......Page 173
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (UNDP)......Page 178
UN CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT (UNCTAD)......Page 183
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM (WFP)......Page 186
UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND (UNFPA)......Page 187
UN ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM (UNEP)......Page 188
UN HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PROGRAM (HABITAT)......Page 191
UN UNIVERSITY (UNU)......Page 192
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN (INSTRAW)......Page 193
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR WOMEN (UNIFEM)......Page 195
INTERNATIONAL DISASTER RELIEF......Page 196
UN CHILDRENS FUND (UNICEF)......Page 199
OFFICE OF UN HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES (UNHCR)......Page 204
UN RELIEF AND WORKS AGENCY FOR PALESTINE REFUGEES IN THE NEAR EAST (UNRWA)......Page 208
AGING AND THE ELDERLY......Page 209
DISABLED PERSONS......Page 210
THE FAMILYSOCIETYS BUILDING BLOCK......Page 211
CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE......Page 212
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR NARCOTIC DRUGS CONTROL......Page 216
THE INTERNATIONAL BILL OF RIGHTS......Page 223
OTHER HUMAN RIGHTS CONVENTIONS......Page 226
WAR CRIMES RECORDS......Page 227
REGIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS......Page 228
THE FIGHT AGAINST RACIAL DISCRIMINATION......Page 229
THE WORK OF THE UN RELATING TO THE STATUS OF WOMEN......Page 230
OTHER DECLARATIONS IN THE HUMAN RIGHTS FIELD......Page 232
TRUST TERRITORIES......Page 235
TERRITORIES COVERED BY THE DECLARATION......Page 236
THE ROLE OF THE UN......Page 237
THE 1960 ASSEMBLY DECLARATION ON THE ENDING OF COLONIALISM......Page 238
PROGRESS OF DECOLONIZATION......Page 239
INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION......Page 245
UN COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW (UNCITRAL)......Page 249
THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 251
ADDRESSES OF THE PRINCIPAL UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATIONS......Page 254
ADDRESSES OF UNITED NATIONS INFORMATION CENTERS AND SERVICES......Page 257
UNITED NATIONS ONLINE DATABASES......Page 262
LIBRARIES IN THE UNITED STATES......Page 264
LIBRARIES IN CANADA......Page 265
STAFF FIGURES FOR SELECTED UN BODIES AND RELATED AGENCIES (2006 ESTIMATES)......Page 266
THE UNITED NATIONS RELATED AGENCIES......Page 267
THE AGENCIES IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDERWITH EFFECTIVE DATES OF ESTABLISHMENT......Page 268
BACKGROUND:......Page 269
STRUCTURE......Page 270
ACTIVITIES......Page 271
BACKGROUND:......Page 278
STRUCTURE......Page 279
THE ISSUE OF INDEPENDENT WORKER AND EMPLOYER REPRESENTATION......Page 280
ACTIVITIES......Page 282
BACKGROUND:......Page 291
BUDGET......Page 292
ACTIVITIES......Page 293
INCREASING FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION......Page 296
IMPROVING HANDLING AND DISTRIBUTION......Page 299
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT......Page 300
PROMOTING RURAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 301
BACKGROUND:......Page 304
STRUCTURE......Page 305
ACTIVITIES......Page 307
BACKGROUND:......Page 315
STRUCTURE......Page 316
ACTIVITIES......Page 317
BACKGROUND:......Page 332
STRUCTURE......Page 333
ACTIVITIES......Page 334
BACKGROUND:......Page 338
STRUCTURE......Page 339
ACTIVITIES......Page 341
BACKGROUND:......Page 343
STRUCTURE......Page 344
BUDGET......Page 345
ACTIVITIES......Page 346
PUBLICATIONS......Page 347
BACKGROUND:......Page 349
ACTIVITIES......Page 350
BACKGROUND:......Page 355
ACTIVITIES......Page 356
BACKGROUND:......Page 360
BUDGET......Page 361
ACTIVITIES......Page 362
BACKGROUND:......Page 364
ACTIVITIES......Page 365
BACKGROUND:......Page 367
ACTIVITIES......Page 368
BACKGROUND:......Page 371
STRUCTURE......Page 372
ACTIVITIES......Page 373
BACKGROUND:......Page 376
ACTIVITIES......Page 378
INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT (IBRD)......Page 385
INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES (ICSID)......Page 388
THE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION (IDA)......Page 389
THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION (IFC)......Page 391
SUPPLEMENTS......Page 399
ANTARCTICA......Page 400
THE ARCTIC......Page 403
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE......Page 407
WORLD TABLES......Page 408
PEACEFUL USES OF OUTER SPACE......Page 431
APARTHEID......Page 432
B......Page 433
G......Page 434
M......Page 435
R......Page 436
U......Page 437
WEBSITES......Page 438
INDEX TO COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES......Page 440
CONTENTS......Page 448
READER’S GUIDE......Page 449
GUIDE TO COUNTRY ARTICLES......Page 459