Futuristic Communication and Network Technologies: Select Proceedings of VICFCNT 2020

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Editors
Deep Learning-Based Image Preprocessing Techniques for Crop Disease Identification
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Results
	3 Data Collection and Disease Classes
		3.1 Diseases in Tomato Plants
		3.2 Quality Image
	4 Methodology
	5 Convolutional Neural Network
		5.1 Critical Issue
		5.2 Features and Outputs
	6 Conclusion
	References
Performance Evaluation and Comparison Analysis of AODV and RPL Using NetSim in Low Power, Lossy Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 RPL Versus AODV
	3 Related Work
	4 Simulation Parameters
	5 Conclusion
	6 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Three Notched Bands Modified Hexagonal Patch Monopole Antenna
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Configuration
	3 Parametric Variation (Notched Bands) and Analysis of Surface Current Density Distribution
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusions
	References
An Internet of Things (IoT)-based Approach for Real-Time Kitchen Monitoring Using NodeMCU 1.0
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Design and Implementation
		3.1 Explanation of Circuit Connections
		3.2 Design of Mobile Application
		3.3 Setting up Database
	4 Output and Analysis
		4.1 Output in App
		4.2 Alert Message in Mobile
		4.3 Analysis of the Output
	5 Challenges in Implementation of System
	6 Conclusion
	7 Future Scope
	References
IoT-Based Smart Irrigation and Monitoring System in Smart Agriculture
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed System Model
	4 Description of the Hardware Used
		4.1 ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module
		4.2 DHT11—Temperature and Humidity Sensor
		4.3 MQ135—Air Quality Sensor
		4.4 Soil Moisture Sensor
		4.5 Submersible Water Pump
		4.6 Relay Module
	5 Software Implementation Using Arduino IDE
	6 Blynk Mobile Application
	7 System Implementation
	8 Results
	9 Conclusion
	10 Future Works
	References
Design of Rover with Live Video Transmission
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Hardware Description
		3.1 Bluetooth Module
		3.2 Arduino UNO
		3.3 Motor Driver
		3.4 Camera Module
	4 Schematic Circuit Diagram
	5 Software Description
		5.1 Direction Controlled Application
	6 Experimental Implementation
		6.1 Implementation of Rover
		6.2 Interface of Live Video Streaming
	7 Result and Discussion
	8 Future Works
	9 Conclusion
	References
Stock Price Prediction Based on Deep Learning Using Long Short-Term Memory
	1 Introduction
	2 Existing Approaches
	3 Proposed Method
		3.1 Architecture Diagram
		3.2 LSTM Approach
		3.3 LSTM Architecture
	4 Methodologies
	5 Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Design of Surface Quality Identification Device
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Surface Quality Identification Device
		3.2 About the Device
		3.3 Analysis of Core Components
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
HVIATC: Ontology-Based Efficient Query Optimization for Declarative Crowdsourcing System Using OAF Measures
	1 Introduction
	2 Object Access Frequency-Based Query Optimization
		2.1 Query Evaluator
		2.2 Horizontal Access Cost
		2.3 Vertical Access Cost
		2.4 Information Cost
		2.5 OAF Query Optimization [3]
	3 Results and Discussion
	References
Fire Escape Route Tracing Using Sensors, Artificial Intelligence, and Azure Cloud
	1 Introduction
	2 Hardware and Software Requirements
	3 Hardware Implementation
		3.1 Deploying Temperature Sensor
		3.2 Setting Up the Raspberry Pi
		3.3 Connecting Temperature Sensor to Raspberry Pi
	4 Software Implementation
		4.1 Designing the Graph
		4.2 Setting Up the Microsoft Azure Cloud
		4.3 Setting Up the Microsoft Azure Cloud
		4.4 Data Preprocessing
		4.5 Implementing the Algorithm
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Compact Penta-Band Printed Monopole Antenna for Multiple Wireless Communication Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Structure of the Proposed Antenna
	3 Structural Development of the Proposed Antenna
	4 Explanation of the Surface Current Distribution
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
QoS-Driven AODV Algorithm for WSN
	1 Introduction
	2 QAODV Algorithm
	3 Simulation Environment
		3.1 Simulation Parameters
		3.2 Energy Model
		3.3 Node Initialization
	4 Network Configuration
	5 Performance Analysis
		5.1 Throughput
		5.2 Mean Delay
		5.3 Packet Loss
	6 Conclusion
	References
Remote Sensing Image Fusion via Hybrid Image Decomposition with Spatial Frequency Motivated PCNN
	1 Introduction
	2 Preliminaries
	3 Proposed Method
	4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Parametric Optimization and FWM Mitigations in 64-Channel DWDM System
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed DWDM Setup
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Impact of Variable Input Power
		3.2 Impact of Variable Channel Spacing
		3.3 Impact of Duty Cycle in RZ Modulation Format
		3.4 Impact of Varying Bit Rate
	4 Conclusion
	References
Encryption and Decryption of Image for Secured Data Transmission
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Arnold Transform Techniques for Image Encryption and Decryption Process
	4 Proposed Work
	5 Result
	6 Conclusion
	References
Detection and Diagnosis of Fault Using Light-Weighted Midori Blocks
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Method
	3 Architecture of the Proposed Work
		3.1 Error Detection for Threshold Implementation of Midori
	4 Proposed Technique Implementation in Fault Attacks
	5 Simulating Errors by Injection with FPGA Benchmark
	6 Simulation Results
	7 Conclusion
	References
Designing of Microstrip Patch Antenna for Satellite Communication
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of Antenna Design
		2.1 Current Distribution
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Return Loss Analysis
		3.2 VSWR Analysis
		3.3 Radiation Pattern Analysis
		3.4 Gain Analysis
		3.5 Directivity Analysis
		3.6 Axial Ratio
	4 Conclusion
	References
Skin Cancer Detection Using Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Objectives
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Dataset
		3.2 Dermoscopy Image Preprocessing
	4 Training Algorithm
		4.1 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
		4.2 ResNet50
		4.3 MobileNet
		4.4 Deployment
	5 Result
		5.1 CNN
		5.2 ResNet50
		5.3 MobileNet
		5.4 Web Application
	6 Conclusion
	References
Denoising X-Ray Image Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Thresholding
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Implementation
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Photobook Creation Using Face Recognition and Machine Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed System
		3.1 Overview of Convolutional Neural Network
		3.2 Feature Extraction
		3.3 Photo Albuming
		3.4 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Person Location Tracking Using Global Positioning System and ESP8266 with Internet of Things
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works and Studies
	3 Implementation Details
	4 Components Used for System Design
		4.1 Hardware Architecture
	5 Results and Experimental Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	7 Future Work
	References
Oxygen Cylinders Monitoring System in Hospital Warehouse Using CNN
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods and Materials
		2.1 Hardware
		2.2 Software
		2.3 Working Methodology
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Fabric Defect Detection Using Modified Local Neighborhood Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Modified Local Neighborhood Analysis (MLNA)
		2.1 Experimental Results and Discussion
	3 Conclusion
	References
Speech Emotion Recognition Using Mel Frequency Log Spectrogram and Deep Convolutional Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Methodology
		2.1 Mel Frequency Log Spectrogram (MFLS)
		2.2 Deep Convolutional Neural Network
	3 Experimental Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Voice Activity Detection for Monaural Speech Enhancement Using Visual Cues
	1 Introduction
	2 Speech Onset and Offset Detection Using Visual Stream
		2.1 Binary Mask Detection
		2.2 KLT Feature Tracking
		2.3 Linear Interpolation
	3 Speech Onset and Offset Detection Using Audio Stream
	4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Cognitive Vehicle Behavior Detector with Real-Time Analytics and Implementation
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Components of the System
		3.1 Database Structure
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Image Processing
	5 Implementation
	6 Rules Violation Video Representation in UI
		6.1 Signal Violation
		6.2 Parking Violation
		6.3 Direction Violation
	7 Data Analytics
		7.1 Elasticsearch
		7.2 Logstash
		7.3 Kibana
	8 Results
	9 Conclusion
	10 Discussion
	References
Overview of Fronthaul Technologies and the DBA Algorithms in XGPON-Based FH Technology in CRAN Architecture in 5G Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Centralized RAN Architecture
	3 Fronthaul Network Technology
	4 TDM-PON-Based Fronthaul Technology in CRAN
	5 DBA Algorithm in XGPON-Based FH Technology
	6 Conclusion
	References
Dynamic Behavior of a Pump-Modulated Erbium-Doped Fiber Linear Laser with Single Fiber Bragg Grating
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Set-Up of the Pump-Modulated EDFL
	3 Experimental Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design and Simulation of Dual-Band MIMO Antenna for Radar and Sub-6-GHz 5G Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of the Current Geometry
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Contact-Free Interaction with Computer Systems Using Computer Vision Techniques
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Motivation and Challenges
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Experimentation
	4 Result and Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
SRL Video Recommender for Syllabus Driven E-Learning Platforms
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Design and Challenges
	4 SRL Algorithms
	5 Experimental Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
IMD Signaling-Based Automated Safety Aid System for Fishermen
	1 Introduction
	2 IMD Signaling-Based Automated Safety Aid System
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Study of Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Protocols
	1 Introduction
	2 LEACH: Protocol Architecture
	3 Advancements in Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH)
		3.1 Advanced LEACH (A-LEACH) (2008)
		3.2 LEACH-B (Balanced) (2010)
		3.3 Centralized LEACH (LEACH-C) (2013)
		3.4 E-LEACH (2014)
		3.5 Fuzzy LEACH (F-LEACH) (2017)
		3.6 LEACH-PSO (2013)
		3.7 LEACH-K (2014)
		3.8 LEACH-R (2012)
		3.9 TL-LEACH (Two-Level Hierarchy) (2005)
		3.10 Cluster Head LEACH (CH-LEACH) (2017)
		3.11 Multi-hop LEACH (MH-LEACH) (2007)
		3.12 Enhanced Energy-Efficient LEACH (EEE-LEACH) (2015)
		3.13 Improved LEACH (I-LEACH) (2014)
		3.14 ETL-LEACH (Enhanced Two-Level Hierarchy) (2019)
		3.15 LEACH-T (2016)
	4 Comparative Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Method of Hand Gestures Recognition using Convolutional Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Support Package
		2.2 Dataset
		2.3 Steps for Recognizing Hand Gestures Using AlexNet
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
5G Modulation Techniques—A Systematic Literature Survey
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
		2.1 Eligibility and Exclusion Criteria
		2.2 Systematic Review Process
		2.3 Data Extraction and Synthesis
		2.4 Research Objectives
	3 Research Exploration
		3.1 RO1: Key Performance Indicators (KPI)
		3.2 RO2: Requirements for New Modulation Techniques
		3.3 RO3: Potential Modulation Techniques for 5G Network and Their Advantages
		3.4 RO4: Disadvantages of Reviewed Modulation Techniques
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	5 Appendix
	References
A Tapered Slot Rectangular Ultra-wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Design
	3 Parametric Study and Observations
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Governing Equations for RF Energy Harvesting
	6 Conclusion
	7 Future Work
	References
A Deep Learning Approach for Automatic Classification of Cognitive Task Using the Scalp Electroencephalogram Signals
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Acquisition
		2.1 Subjects and Experimental Design
		2.2 Neuropsychological Tests
	3 Design Methodology
		3.1 Proposed Classification Model
		3.2 Spectral Topography Mapping
		3.3 Convolutional Neural Network
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Analysis on Frequent Itemset Mining Algorithms in Vertically Partitioned Cloud Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Pre-processing
		3.2 Homomorphic Encryption
		3.3 Frequent Itemset Mining
		3.4 Association Rule Mining
	4 Performance Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Compact Complementary Split Ring Resonator-Based Notch Design for Wireless Access for Vehicular Environment/WLAN/ITU Band Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Antenna Configuration
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Decennial and Lifetime CV Risk Estimations Using JBS3 and ACC/AHA ASCVD Calculators in Kerala Based Indian Sub-Ethnics
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Study Population and Risk Variables Studied
		2.2 Statistical Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Ten year and Lifetime JBS3 and ACC/AHA ASCVD Risk Score
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Brief Survey on Metamaterial Antennas: Its Importance and Challenges
	1 Introduction
	2 Metamaterials with Fractal Antennas
	3 Metamaterial Parameter Extraction Techniques
	4 Conclusion
	References
Anomaly Detection in Drones with Machine Learning Algorithms
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology and Implementation
		2.1 Data Pre-processing and Preparation
		2.2 Training
		2.3 Supervised Learning
		2.4 Unsupervised Learning
	3 Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Deep Learning-Based Multi-class 3D Objects Classification Using Digital Holographic Complex Images
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Experimental Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
An Efficient Hybrid De-Noising Method for Remote Sensing Images
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed HBG Filtering
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Dual Band Metamaterial Loaded CPW-Fed Antenna for GSM, WLAN, LTE and RFID Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Metamaterials
	3 Split Ring Resonator
	4 Antenna Design
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Return Loss
		5.2 VSWR
		5.3 Radiation Pattern
		5.4 Gain
	6 Conclusion
	References
Autonomous Wheeled Bot with Monocular Camera
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology and Implementation
		3.1 Localization with Kalman Filter
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Localization with Visual SLAM
		4.2 Motion Planning
	5 Conclusion
	References
Real-Time Pothole Detection with Onboard Sensors and Camera on Vehicles
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology and Implementation
		3.1 Image Processing from the Captured Image
		3.2 Pothole Detection in Live Stream
		3.3 Accelerometer and Gyroscope
	4 Results
		4.1 Computer Vision
		4.2 Accelerometer and Gyroscope
	5 Future Work
	References
Brain Tumour Segmentation Methods Based on DWT
	1 Introduction
	2 Implementation
		2.1 Anisotropic diffusion Filter
		2.2 Image Segmentation
		2.3 Otsu Thresholding
		2.4 Level Set Method
		2.5 FCMLSM
		2.6 Discrete Wavelet Transform with Morphological Processing
	3 Experimental Results
		3.1 Evaluation and Validation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Prediction of Jowar Crop Yield Using K-Nearest Neighbor and Support Vector Machine Algorithms
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Data Attainment and Processing
		2.2 Prediction of Crop Yield Using KNN
		2.3 Support Vector Machine (SVM)
	3 Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
E-Biometric Voting Machine
	1 Introduction
	2 Survey of Existing Works
	3 Proposed System
	4 Implementation of System
		4.1 Hardware Components
		4.2 Hardware Implementation
		4.3 Software Components
		4.4 Software Implementation
	5 Performance Metrics
	6 Results
		6.1 Vote Casting Time (VCT)
		6.2 SMS Generating Time (SGT)
		6.3 Result Generating Time (RGT)
		6.4 Multiple Voting Rate (MVR)
		6.5 Response Time (RT)
		6.6 Fingerprint Capture Time (FCT)
		6.7 Attack Against Encryption
	7 Conclusion
	References
Compressive Single Shot Off-Axis Digital Holography for High-Resolution Image Reconstruction
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Computational Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
An Analytical Model of Propagation Channels for Terahertz Wireless Communication System
	1 Introduction
	2 Analytical Channel Modeling
		2.1 Matrices of Complex Gaussian Random Variables
		2.2 Kronecker Model
	3 Simulation Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
MIMO Channels Modeling for Terahertz Radio Communications Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 MIMO System
	3 MIMO Channel Response
	4 Simulation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
MIMO-OFDM Technique Over Terahertz Radio Channels
	1 Introduction
	2 OFDM System
	3 MIMO Channel Modeling
		3.1 Spatial Correlation
		3.2 Generation of Channel Impulse Response
	4 Simulation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Classification of Retinal Lesions in Fundus Images Using Atrous Convolutional Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Materials and Method
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Size Normalization
		3.3 Augmentation
		3.4 Network Architecture
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Frequency Reconfigurable Antennas—A Contemporary Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Electrical Reconfiguration
		2.1 Frequency Reconfiguration by Using PIN Diode
		2.2 Frequency Reconfiguration by Using a Varactor Diode
		2.3 Frequency Reconfiguration by Using MEMS Knob
	3 Optical Reconfiguration
	4 Electronic Reconfiguration
	5 Material Change Reconfiguration
		5.1 Using Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP)
		5.2 Using Liquid Metal
	6 Mechanical Reconfiguration
		6.1 Reconfiguration Using Stepper Motor
		6.2 Reconfiguration Using Fillers
	7 Summary of Literature Review
	8 Comparison of Different Reconfiguration Techniques
	9 Conclusion
	References
Single-Precision Floating-Point Addition Under HUB
	1 Introduction
	2 Floating-Point Format and HUB Format
		2.1 Floating-Point Round to Nearest
		2.2 Floating-Point HUB
		2.3 Illustration
	3 Addition Using HUB and Floating-Point Number
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Smart Energy Amassment: Using Piezosensors and Photovoltaic Cell with Two-Sided Mirror Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Proposed System
	4 Methodology
	5 Case Study and Performance Analysis
		5.1 Power Generated at Different Voltage–Current Level Reached
		5.2 Time Required to Charge a Super Capacitor with the Help of this System
		5.3 Unit Farad Supercapacitor Discharging Time with a Resistive Load of a 10 W LED Bulb
		5.4 Piezoelectric Energy Calculation
		5.5 Solar Energy Calculation with Double Sun Technique and Comparison with Flat Solar Panels
	6 Conclusion
	References
Substrate-Integrated Waveguide filters—A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Process of SIW Filter
	3 SIW Filter Design Enhancement and Usage
		3.1 A Transition to Higher-Order Filters
		3.2 Frequency Enhancement
		3.3 Implementing with Different Modes
		3.4 Harmonic Mode Suppression
		3.5 SIW Filter Design for Different Applications
	4 Advantages and Disadvantages
	5 Conclusion
	References
Frequency Selective Structures and Its Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Applications of FSS
	3 Conclusion
	References
Effective Utilization of Channel Spacing in Elastic Optical Network for 400 Gb/s Transmission
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Optical Transmitter
		1.2 Communication Channel
		1.3 Optical Receiver
	2 Fixed Grid and Flexi Grid
	3 Elastic Optical Network (EON) Design
	4 EON Simulation and Result
	5 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of Unit Cell with and Without Splits for Understanding Metamaterial Property
	1 Introduction
	2 Design and Construction of Unit Cell
	3 Method of Analysis
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Single-Loop Unit Cell Without Split
		4.2 Single-Loop Unit Cell with Split
		4.3 Double-Loop Without Split
		4.4 Double-Loop with Single Split on the Outer Conductor
		4.5 Double-Loop Unit Cell with Split on the Inner Conductor
		4.6 Double-Loop Unit Cell with Double Splits
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design of Compact Sierpinski Gasket Fractal Multi-band Antenna for Wireless Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of the Proposed Structure
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Triple Band Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna with a Ring-Shaped Microstrip Line for Wi-Fi/5G Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Geometry
	3 Parametric Analysis
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Failure Detection Using Artificial Neural Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Artificial Neural Network
	3 Proposed Failure Management Approach
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Smart System for Monitoring Flow in Drip Bottles in Healthcare
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Review on: Machine Learning Techniques to Mitigate Security Risks in IoT Framework State of the Art
	1 Introduction
	2 Attacks Related to IoT Devices and Machine Learning Approaches Against Those Attacks
		2.1 Denial-of-Service (DoS)/Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attack
		2.2 Machine Learning Techniques to Mitigate Against DoS/DDoS Attack
		2.3 Jamming Attack
		2.4 Machine Learning Techniques Against Jamming Attack
		2.5 Spoofing Attack
		2.6 Machine Learning Techniques Against Spoofing Attack
		2.7 Intrusion in IoT Network
		2.8 Machine Learning Techniques for Intrusion Detection
		2.9 Software Attacks
		2.10 Machine Learning Techniques to Detect Malware
	3 Conclusion and Challenges
	References
A Comparative Analysis of PAPR Diminishment Techniques for Next Generation Network: LTE-MIMO to 5G
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Peak to Average Power Ratio
		3.1 Challenges to Mitigate PAPR Requirements
		3.2 PAPR Diminishment Techniques
		3.3 MIMO-OFDM System
	4 Comparative Analysis and Simulation Results of PAPR Diminishment in MIMO OFDM
	5 Results and Discussion
	References
An Optically Transparent Antenna Based on Transparent Conductive Oxides for Tera-Hertz Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Design
		2.1 RAKE Shaped Antenna
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Wideband Planar 2 × 2 MIMO Antenna Design for 5G NR Wireless Devices
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Design
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Component Reliability Analysis of a 4 × 4 Symmetric 2D Torus Optical Interconnection Network Node Architecture
	1 Introduction
	2 The 4 × 4 Torus Optical Node Architecture
	3 Analysis of Component Reliability of 4 × 4 Torus Optical Node
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Neoteric Image Encryption System Using Nonlinear Chaotic Strange Attractors
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Realization of the Nonlinear Strange Attractors
		2.2 Implementation of the Proposed Encryption Scheme
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Histogram Plot Analysis
		3.2 Entropy Analysis
		3.3 Correlation Coefficient Analysis
		3.4 NPCR and UACI Analysis
		3.5 PSNR Analysis
		3.6 Comparative Study of the Encryption Technique
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design of CPW-Fed Dodecagon Monopole Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications with Hilbert Curve Fractal
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Design
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Performance Enhancement of FSO Communication Under Complex Weather Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 Effect of Dust Storms in FSO Link Communication
		2.1 Attenuation Condition
		2.2 Turbulence Condition
		2.3 Literature Survey on Existing Systems
		2.4 System Model
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 For 785 nm Wavelength Laser Beam
		3.2 For 1550 nm Wavelength Laser Beam
	4 Conclusion
	References
Voltage and Other Parameters Monitoring System Using Smart E-Glass
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Proposed System
	4 Design Methodologies
	5 Result
	6 Future Scope
	7 Conclusion
	References
Gain Enhancement for Metamaterial Loaded UWB Antenna Using TSCCR AMC
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Design
		2.1 AMC Unit Cell Design
		2.2 Antenna with AMC
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Reflection Coefficient and Gain
		3.2 Radiation Pattern
	4 Conclusion
	References
Virtual Image Representation and Adaptive Weighted Score Level Fusion for Genetic Face Recognition
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Genetic Face Recognition System
		2.1 Pre-processing of Images
		2.2 Non-linear Transformation
		2.3 Euclidean Distance Calculation and Normalization
		2.4 Weight Calculation
		2.5 Score Level Fusion
	3 Implementation and Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Anomaly Detection in Drone-Captured Images Using Machine Learning Techniques and Deep Learning Architectures
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Pre-processing and Preparation
		3.2 Machine Learning Techniques
		3.3 Deep Learning Architectures
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Machine Learning Techniques
		4.2 Deep Learning Architectures
	5 Conclusion
	References
Antenna Selection in Cognitive Radio for MIMO System
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Cognitive Radio Systems (CRS)
		1.2 Multiple Input–Output Systems
		1.3 Organization of Paper
	2 System Model
	3 Analytical Framework
	4 Simulation Results
	5 Concluding Remarks and Future Work
	References
Wide-Angle, Polarization Insensitive, Ultrathin Tuneable Metamaterial Absorber for C-Band Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Design and Simulation
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Interpretation of Lung Sounds Using Spectrogram-Based Statistical Features
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Short-Time Fourier Transform
		2.2 Spectrogram
		2.3 Texture Analysis of Spectrogram Based on Statistics
	3 Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Index for Assessment of EEG Signal in Ischemic Stroke Patients
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 EEG Dataset
		2.2 Preprocessing
		2.3 Feature Extraction
		2.4 Performance Estimation
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Preliminary Step to Realize Digital Filter for Electrocardiogram Signal Denoising
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Preprocessing Techniques for Seismocardiogram Signals in Removing Artifacts
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 SCG Signal Database
		2.2 Denoising Filters
		2.3 Performance Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Exploring Efficient Preprocessing Techniques for Breast Cancer Diagnosis
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Related Work
		3.1 Dataset
		3.2 Existing Methodology
	4 Experiment Results
		4.1 Types of Correlation Matrix
		4.2 Machine Learning Technique
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Smart Logistics for Quality Food During Pandemic Crisis
	1 Introduction
	2 Smart Logistics Architecture
	3 Implementation
		3.1 Sensors
		3.2 Working on Thingspeak
		3.3 Working with IFTTT
		3.4 Quality of the food
		3.5 Security of the system
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
A Survey: Beyond 5G Toward 6G—Network Security Issues, Thrust Areas and Challenges
	1 Introduction
	2 6G Network: Key Areas and Security Issues
		2.1 Distributed Artificial Intelligent Edge
		2.2 Intelligent Radio
		2.3 3D Intercom
		2.4 Real Time-based Intelligent Edge
	3 Network Security: New Paradigm Shift
		3.1 Security Issues
		3.2 Security Issue: Possible Countermeasures
	4 New Research Design for Security Issue
		4.1 Deep Learning-based Design
	5 Conclusion
	References
Enhancement of Productivity Using Chatbots
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Motivation
	2 Methods
		2.1 Participants and Procedure
		2.2 Limitation
	3 Data Analysis
	4 Implementation of Smartbot
	5 Salient Features of Smartbot
		5.1 Secured
		5.2 Group Management
		5.3 Automated Replies
		5.4 Entertainment
		5.5 Educational
	6 Conclusion
	References
Medical Image Fusion Based on SWT and Cross Bilateral Filter
	1 Introduction
	2 Preliminary
	3 Proposed Method
	4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Assistive Device for Visually Impaired People
	1 Introduction
	2 Design and Methodology of Blind Assistive Device
		2.1 Block Diagram
		2.2 Raspberry Pi 3B
		2.3 Raspberry Pi Camera
		2.4 Headphones
		2.5 Power Supply
	3 Algorithm
		3.1 OpenCV
		3.2 Tesseract
		3.3 Image Pre-Processing
		3.4 Segmentation
		3.5 Feature Extraction
		3.6 NumPy
		3.7 Bilateral Filter
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Loan Origination System in Housing Sector Using Blockchain
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Objectives
		1.2 Background and Literature Survey
	2 Blockchain Futuristic Model
		2.1 Methodology
		2.2 Implementation of Proposed Methodology
		2.3 Design Approach
	3 Conclusion
	4 Future Directions
	References
Blockchain-Based Secure IoT Telemedicine System
	1 Introduction
	2 Design and Methodology of Telemedicine System
		2.1 Block Diagram
		2.2 Bolt IOT Module
		2.3 Led
		2.4 Twilio
		2.5 Salient Dataset Features
		2.6 Power Supply
	3 Algorithm
		3.1 Bolt IoT
		3.2 Random Forest Classifier
		3.3 Model Framework
		3.4 Alert System Module
		3.5 Local Database
		3.6 IoT System
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Item-Based Collaborative Filtering Blockchain for Secure Movie Recommendation System
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Collaborative Filtering
		1.2 Block-Chain Implementation
	2 Design and Methodology
		2.1 Dataset and Importing Essential Libraries
		2.2 Data Retrieval
		2.3 Data Pre-processing
		2.4 Data Preparation
		2.5 Data Selection
		2.6 Data Normalization
		2.7 Data Binarization
		2.8 Collaborative Filtering System
		2.9 Building the Recommendation System Using R
	3 Steps and Implementation
		3.1 Algorithm for Item-Based Collaborative Filtering System
	4 Conclusion
	5 Results and Discussion
	References
A 3-D Printed Trapezoidal Antenna for X-Band Wireless Communications Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 3-D Printed Trapezoidal Antenna Design
	3 The Methodology of the Suggested Antenna Design
	4 Current Distribution Analysis
	5 Results and Discussions
	6 Conclusion
	References
An Inverted L-Shaped ACS-fed Antenna with SRR for Bandwidth Enhancement Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Antenna Design
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Photonic Crystal Based Devices and the Methods Implemented—A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Work
		3.1 All-Optical Encoder
	4 Simulation Results
	5 Working Principle
	6 Conclusion
	References
IoT Based Gesture-Controlled Surveillance Rover
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Proposed System
	4 Implementation
	5 Results
		5.1 Movement of the Rover
		5.2 Live Stream of the Cameras
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Inverse Intermodulation-Based Transition Encoder Scheme with Minimal Power Consumption
	1 Introduction
	2 Optical Switching-Performance Shortcomings
	3 Nonlinear Effects in All Optical Computing
	4 Experimental Setup for Efficient Optical Switching
	5 Results and Discussions
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Comparative Analysis of Standard Classifiers with CHDTC to Detect Credit Card Fraudulent Transactions
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Traditional Versus Machine Learning Approach
		1.2 Detection Techniques
		1.3 Our Objective
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Framework
		3.1 Pattern Analysis Algorithm
		3.2 Pattern Detection Algorithm
	4 Experimental Setup
		4.1 Performance Metrics
	5 Results
	6 Conclusion
	7 Future Work
	References
Design and Implementation of MEMS-Based Gesticulation Control for Disabled People
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Proposed Methodology
	5 System Overview
		5.1 Hardware Requirements
		5.2 Software Requirements
	6 Block Diagram
	7 Results
	8 Conclusion
	References
IoT-Based COVID-19 Patient Monitor with Alert System
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Implementation
		3.1 Working with ThingSpeak
		3.2 Sensors
		3.3 Alert Button and Text Message Using the If This Then That (IFTTT) Applet
		3.4 Self-charging Mechanism
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Code-Hopping Based Communication Network Using Orthogonal Complementary Codes for Advanced Metering Infrastructure in Smart Grid
	1 Introduction
	2 Model of CHMA-Based AMCI Network
	3 Error Probability for CHMA System Using OCC for AMCI Network
	4 Performance Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design and Analysis of a Vertical PINI Junction Phase Shifter in Silicon Mach–Zehnder Modulator
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Structure
	3 Result Analysis
		3.1 Device-level Analysis
		3.2 System-level Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Machine Learning and Blockchain Platform for Operation Risk Management—An Application to Real-time Risk Awareness System Development
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 An AI and Blockchain Platform for ReRAS
	4 Evaluation Design
		4.1 Dataset and Preprocessing
		4.2 Baseline
		4.3 Evaluation Procedure
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Accuracy Evaluation Results
		5.2 Other Evaluation Results
		5.3 The Platform as a Tool for Risk Management
	6 Conclusion
	References