Future Orientation: Developmental and Ecological Perspectives

front-matter.pdf......Page 2
Preface......Page 6
Acknowledgements......Page 11
Contents......Page 13
1  Future Orientation: A Conceptual Framework......Page 17
 Early Psychological Analyses......Page 19
 Athematic Approaches to Future Orientation......Page 21
 The Thematic Approach......Page 25
 The Three Component Model of Future Orientation......Page 30
Four Interfacing Approaches......Page 33
 The Motivational Approach: Future Time Perspective......Page 34
 The Self Approach: Possible Selves......Page 36
 Personality Goal Approaches......Page 39
 Personal Dispositions Approaches......Page 42
 Summary......Page 43
Future Orientation in Infancy......Page 44
Future Orientation in Early Childhood......Page 46
 Children\'s Sense of the Future......Page 47
 Two Approaches to Processes Underlying the Development of Future Knowledge......Page 50
 Planning Behavior in Early Childhood......Page 52
 Socialization of Future Knowledge......Page 55
 Future Themes in Children\'s Literature......Page 57
Future Orientation in Middle Childhood......Page 61
 Early Expressions of Hopes and Fears......Page 62
 The Construction of Future Hopes and Fears in Middle Childhood......Page 63
Summary: Future Orientation from Infancy to Middle Childhood......Page 75
3  Future Orientation in Personality Contexts......Page 76
 The Self: A Conceptual Framework......Page 77
 The Effect of the Self on Future Orientation......Page 78
 Self-Stability and Future Orientation......Page 79
 Self-Esteem and Future Orientation......Page 80
 Loneliness......Page 82
 Loneliness and Future Orientation......Page 83
Psychological Empowerment......Page 86
 Psychological Empowerment and Future Orientation: The Case of Israeli Arab Girls......Page 87
 The Cultural Context of Psychological Empowerment and Future Orientation......Page 91
 Summary: Psychological Empowerment and Future Orientation......Page 92
 Defensive Pessimism......Page 93
 Strategic Optimism......Page 94
 Future Orientation and Defensive Pessimism......Page 95
 Primary and Secondary Control: Conceptual Framework......Page 97
 Cultural Contexts......Page 99
 Primary and Secondary Control and Future Orientation......Page 101
Cognitive Abilities and Future Orientation......Page 103
 Summary: The Effect of Self and Personality on Future Orientation......Page 104
Sex Differences: Their Extent, Origins and Underlying Processes......Page 106
 Evolutionary Psychology......Page 107
 Social Role Theory......Page 108
 Socialization of Gender Roles......Page 110
Future Orientation Sex Differences and Gender Similarities......Page 111
 Theory Based Predictions......Page 112
 Gender Effects on the Themes and Extension of Future Orientation......Page 113
 Future Orientation Sex Differences: Recent Findings......Page 126
 The Cultural Context of Sex Differences......Page 127
 The Hoped For and Feared Future of Transition to Modernity Girls: The Case of Israeli Arab and Druze Girls......Page 129
 Future Orientation Motivational and Behavioral Components Gender Differences......Page 133
 Summary......Page 137
5  The Effect of Parenting on Future Orientation......Page 139
 Early Studies on the Effect of Parenting on Adolescent Future Orientation......Page 140
 Positive Parenting and Future Orientation......Page 141
The Positive Parenting Multiple Step Model......Page 143
 The Five-Step Model of Future Orientation Parenting......Page 144
 Empirical Estimates of the Model......Page 146
Future Orientation Multi-Step Model in Cultural Context......Page 148
Parents Beliefs and Adolescents Future Orientation......Page 151
 Empirical Studies......Page 152
Intergenerational Transmission of Future Orientation......Page 155
 The Italian Setting......Page 156
 The Israeli Setting......Page 157
 The Three-Component Model: Parent-Adolescent Correspondence......Page 158
 The Meaning of Parent-Child Congruence......Page 160
Summary: How Parents Facilitate the Construction of Future Orientation......Page 161
Adolescent Sibling Relationship......Page 162
The Effect of Sibling Relationship on Adolescents Future Orientation......Page 164
Adolescent Peer Relations......Page 167
The Effect of Peer Relationship on Adolescent Future Orientation......Page 168
The Future Orientation of Classmates......Page 171
Peer Influence: What Adolescents Do and Report......Page 174
Summary......Page 176
Future Orientation and Academic Achievement......Page 177
 The Underlying Rationale: Perceived Instrumentality......Page 178
 Future Orientation and Academic Achievement Links: Empirical Analyses......Page 180
 Identity......Page 185
 The Relations Between Future Orientation and Identity......Page 186
 Future Orientation and Identity Links: Empirical Evidence......Page 187
 Intimacy......Page 192
 Future Orientation and Intimacy Links: Empirical Evidence......Page 193
 Summary......Page 194
 Emerging Adults\' Adjustment to Military Service......Page 195
 Midlife Adjustment to Early Retirement: The Case of Non-Commissioned Officers......Page 199
Summary......Page 200
 The Five Issues......Page 202
 The Conceptual Issue: Future Orientation and Interfacing Approaches......Page 203
 The Developmental Issue: A Case of Non-continuous Indicators......Page 206
 The Personality Issue: The Role of the Self and Other Personality Characteristics......Page 210
 The Interpersonal Relationships Issue: The Effect of Parents, Siblings and Peers......Page 211
 The Cultural Context Issue: Does Culture Matter?......Page 213
 Directions for Future Research......Page 216
 Theory into Practice: Turning Hopes into Plans and Plans into Outcomes......Page 217
 Theory into Practice: A Generic Scheme of Linking Future Hopes to Present Behavior......Page 219
 In Conclusion......Page 221
References......Page 222
Future Orientation Questionnaires......Page 251
Future Orientation Questionnaire......Page 252
Prospective Life Course Questionnaire......Page 253
Future Work and Career......Page 254
Marriage and Family......Page 257
My Future Hopes......Page 260
My Future Fears......Page 261
Coding Instructions for the Hopes and Fears Questionnaire......Page 262
Index......Page 264