Fundamentals of work measurement: what every engineer should know

Content: Cover
 Title Page
 Copyright Page
 Table of Contents
 Preface
 Authors
 1. Introduction: Significance of Work Measurement
 1.1 What Is Work?
 1.2 Factors Adding Work Content to a Product (or Activity)
 1.2.1 Product Design
 1.2.2 Lack of Standardization and Incorrect Quality Standards
 1.2.3 Poor Choice of Process or Method of Operation
 1.2.4 Reducing Waste
 1.2.5 Poor Management and Poor Worker Performance
 1.3 What Is Work Measurement?
 1.4 Why Is It Important to Measure Work?
 1.4.1 Product Design
 1.4.2 Equipment, Tool, Fixture, and Jig Design
 1.4.3 Selection of Equipment and Tools. 1.4.4 Processing and Operations Planning1.4.5 Production Scheduling
 1.4.6 Labor Requirement
 1.4.7 Wages and Wage Incentives
 1.4.8 Comparison of Work Methods and Task Evaluations
 1.4.9 Preparing Budget, Controlling Costs, and Establishing Selling Price
 1.4.10 Facilities Design
 1.5 Summary
 2. Prior to Measuring Work: Minimizing Inefficiencies
 2.1 Selecting Job or Activity to Be Studied
 2.2 Recording the Existing Work Method
 2.2.1 Outline Process Charts
 2.2.2 Flow Process Chart
 2.2.3 The Two-Handed Process Chart
 2.2.4 Procedure Flowchart
 2.2.5 Multiple Activity Chart. 2.2.6 Gang Chart2.2.7 Simultaneous Motion Cycle (SIMO) Chart
 2.2.8 Flow Diagram
 2.2.9 String Diagram
 2.2.10 Cyclegraphs and Chronocyclegraphs
 2.2.11 Travel Charts
 2.3 Examining the Recorded Information
 2.3.1 Ishikawa or Fishbone Diagrams
 2.3.2 The Questioning Technique
 2.3.3 Operation Analysis
 2.4 Making Improvements
 2.5 Workstation Design
 2.5.1 Static Work/Loads and Fixed Working Postures
 2.5.2 Repetitive Trauma Disorders
 2.5.3 Work Height
 2.5.4 Providing an Adjustable Chair
 2.5.5 Feet/Legs and Hands
 2.5.6 Gravity
 2.5.7 Momentum. 2.5.8 Principles of Motion Economy and Hand Motions2.5.9 Dominant Hand
 2.5.10 Working Area
 2.5.11 Physical "Fit"
 2.6 Summary
 3. The Basics of Time Study
 3.1 Selecting the Job to Be Timed
 3.2 Recording the Information
 3.2.1 Breaking the Job into Elements
 3.2.2 Timing the Elements
 3.2.3 Rating
 3.2.4 Allowances
 3.3 Determining the Time Standard
 3.4 Determining Standard Time When Working with Machines
 3.5 A Time Study Example
 4. Allowances
 4.1 Personal Allowances
 4.2 Delay Allowances
 4.3 Fatigue Allowances
 4.3.1 Physiological Fatigue Allowances. 4.3.2 Psychological Fatigue Allowances4.3.3 Environmental Fatigue Allowances
 5. Work Sampling
 5.1 The Concept of Work Sampling
 5.2 Advantages of Work Sampling
 5.3 Disadvantages of Work Sampling
 5.4 Procedure for Conducting a Work Sampling Study
 5.5 Accuracy and Precision of Work Sampling
 5.6 Control Charts in Work Sampling
 5.7 Allowances
 5.8 Performance and Cost Evaluation Program
 5.9 Examples of Work Sampling
 5.10 Summary
 6. Predetermined Motion Time System (PMTS)
 6.1 The Basic Concept of PMTS
 6.2 Method Time Measurement
 6.3 Procedure to Apply MTM
 6.4 Work Factor.