Fundamentals of Wind Farm Aerodynamic Layout Design

Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Chapter 1: Wind energy
	Abstract
	1.1. History of wind turbines
	1.2. Pros and cons of wind energy
	1.3. Trend of wind energy in the world
	1.4. Wind turbine types
	1.5. Wind turbine components
	1.6. Summary
	1.7. Problems
	References
Chapter 2: Wind properties and power generation
	Abstract
	2.1. Atmospheric properties
	2.2. Statistical study of wind
	2.3. Wind power
	2.4. Efficiency of wind turbine components
	2.5. Yearly gained energy of a wind turbine
	2.6. The capacity factor of a wind turbine
	2.7. Summary
	2.8. Problems
	References
Chapter 3: Basics of aerodynamics
	Abstract
	3.1. Airfoils
	3.2. Aerodynamic forces on an airfoil
	3.3. Aerodynamic forces on a blade
	3.4. Generated vortex behind a wind turbine
	3.5. Blade element method
	3.6. Blades with different airfoils
	3.7. Simulation of wind turbines
	3.8. Summary
	3.9. Problems
	References
Chapter 4: Wind turbine wake and its role in farm design
	Abstract
	4.1. Wake generation of a wind turbine
	4.2. Conventional wake models
	4.3. Gained energy of a farm
	4.4. Optimization
	4.5. Summary
	4.6. Problems
	References
Chapter 5: Analytical model based on similarity solution
	Abstract
	5.1. Turbulent free-shear wake
	5.2. Self-similarity method
	5.3. Similarity solution for a single wind turbine
	5.4. Wake interaction
	5.5. Simulation of a wind farm
	5.6. Simulation of wind farms
	5.7. The gained energy of a wind farm
	5.8. Summary
	5.9. Problems
	References
Chapter 6: Numerical simulation of a wind turbine
	Abstract
	6.1. Basic fluid dynamics concepts
	6.2. Different types of modeling
	6.3. Development of actuator disc method using OpenFOAM
	6.4. Modified actuator disc
	6.5. Simulation example
	6.6. Summary
	6.7. Problems
	References
Chapter 7: Numerical simulation of a wind farm
	Abstract
	7.1. Wind farm layout generation
	7.2. Simulation example: Horns Rev offshore wind farm
	7.3. Summary
	7.4. Problems
	References
Chapter 8: Optimization for wind farm layout design
	Abstract
	8.1. Optimization algorithms
	8.2. Cost function and constraints
	8.3. Coupling of optimization methods and wake models
	8.4. Some worked examples
	8.5. Applying additional constraints
	8.6. Summary
	8.7. Problems
	References
Appendix A: Ancient Persian wind turbines
	References
Appendix B: Wind turbine airfoils
	B.1. NACA families
	B.2. FFA family
	B.3. Risø family
	B.4. DU family
	B.5. FX family
	B.6. NREL family
	B.7. Summary
	References
Appendix C: Some wind turbine specifications
	C.1. Enercon E-16
	C.2. Enercon E-18
	C.3. Nordtank NTK 150
	C.4. Nordtank NTK 200
	C.5. Vestas V27
	C.6. Vestas V29
	C.7. Micon M 530
	C.8. Enercon E-30
	C.9. Nordtank NTK 400
	C.10. Vestas V39
	C.11. Nordtank NTK 500/41
	C.12. Vestas V44
	C.13. Enercon E-40/6.44
	C.14. Wincon W755/48
	C.15. Vergnet GEV HP 1000/62
	C.16. Siemens SWT-1.3-62
	C.17. Vestas V80 2 MW
	C.18. Vestas V90 2 MW
	C.19. Eno Energy Eno 100
	C.20. Siemens SWT-2.3-93 Offshore
	C.21. Mapna MWT2.5-103-I
	C.22. Siemens SWT-4.0-130
	C.23. Siemens SWT-6.0-154
	C.24. Aerodyn-8.0MW
	C.25. AMSC wt10000dd SeaTitan
	C.26. Summary
	References
Appendix D: Sample wind farms
	D.1. A 4-in-a-row wind farm
	D.2. A 4×4 wind farm
	D.3. Horns Rev wind farm
	D.4. Aghkand wind farm in Iran
	References
Appendix E: Optimization methods
	E.1. Crow search algorithm
	E.2. Whale optimization algorithm
	E.3. Teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm
	E.4. Particle swarm optimization algorithm
	E.5. Genetic algorithm
	E.6. Summary
	References
Appendix F: Implementing optimization methods in C++
	F.1. Genetic algorithm (GA)
	F.2. Particle swarm optimization (PSO)
Appendix G: Implementing blade element momentum method in C
Index