Fundamentals of Wave Phenomena

Contents......Page 3
Preface......Page 7
Introduction......Page 11
Mass Spring System......Page 12
Energy Tossing in Mechanical Oscillations......Page 17
Other Mechanical Oscillation Systems......Page 21
Electromagnetic Oscillation......Page 27
Damped Oscillation......Page 29
Forced Oscillation......Page 32
Problems......Page 34
Introduction......Page 38
Creation of Waves on a String......Page 39
Sinusoidal (Harmonic) Waves......Page 42
Wave Differential Equation, Partial Differentiation......Page 46
Nonsinusoidal Waves......Page 51
Phase and Group Velocities, Dispersion......Page 53
Superposition of Two Waves, Beats......Page 56
Problems......Page 60
Taylor Series Expansion......Page 62
Complex Numbers and Variables......Page 65
Problems......Page 68
Introduction......Page 69
Mass-Spring Transmission Line......Page 70
Derivation of a Wave Equation......Page 72
Energy Carried by Waves......Page 76
Momentum Carried by Waves......Page 79
Transverse Waves on a String......Page 82
Problems......Page 87
Sound Velocity Along a Solid Rod......Page 90
Rigorous Derivation of Velocity of Sound in a Solid Rod......Page 94
Sound Waves in Liquids......Page 97
Sound Waves in Gases......Page 100
Intensity of Sound Waves in Gases......Page 105
Problems......Page 107
Reflection at a Fixed Boundary, Standing Waves......Page 109
Reflection at a Free Boundary......Page 114
Theory of Wave Reflection, Mechanical Impedance......Page 118
Problems......Page 125
Introduction......Page 127
Conservation of Energy Flow as Applied to Spherical Waves......Page 128
Nonuniform Wave Medium......Page 131
Multidimensional Waves......Page 134
Problems......Page 136
Introduction......Page 138
Stationary Sound Source and Moving Observer......Page 139
Moving Sound Source and Stationary Observer......Page 142
General Expression for Doppler-Shifted Frequency......Page 144
Shock Waves......Page 147
Problems......Page 149
Introduction......Page 150
Transmission Line......Page 151
Coaxial Cable......Page 159
Poynting Vector......Page 169
Plane Electromagnetic Waves in Free Space......Page 172
Reflection of Electromagnetic Waves......Page 177
Electromagnetic Waves in Matter......Page 184
Problems......Page 197
Fields Associated with a Stationary Charge and a Charge Moving with a Constant Velocity......Page 202
Radiation Fields Due to an Accelerated or a Decelerated Charge......Page 206
Radiation from an Oscillating Dipole Charge and a Dipole Antenna......Page 212
Cyclotron and Synchrotron Radiation......Page 217
Problems......Page 218
Introduction......Page 220
Interference Between Two Harmonic Waves......Page 221
Young’s Experiment......Page 224
Multi-slit Structure......Page 229
Optical Interference in Thin Films......Page 236
Diffraction I (Fraunhofer Diffraction)......Page 241
Resolution of Optical Devices......Page 244
Diffraction II (Fresnel Diffraction)......Page 246
Problems......Page 251
Introduction......Page 256
Reflection and Refraction......Page 257
Total Reflection......Page 265
Reflection at Spherical Surfaces (Mirrors)......Page 267
Spherical Aberration of Mirrors......Page 271
Refraction at Spherical Surfaces......Page 273
Lenses......Page 274
Chromatic Aberration......Page 277
Optical Instruments......Page 280
Physical Meaning of Focusing......Page 285
Matrix Method in Geometrical Optics......Page 287
Problems......Page 298
Photoelectric Effect and Einstein's Photon Theory......Page 304
Hydrogen Atom......Page 307
de Broglie Wave......Page 310
Problems......Page 311
Introduction......Page 312
Sum of Sinusoidal Functions......Page 313
Fourier Series......Page 316
Fourier Spectrum......Page 319
Operator Method......Page 323
Laplace Transform......Page 328
Problems......Page 333
Nonlinear Oscillations......Page 335
Nonlinear Wave Equation......Page 341
Fermi, Pasta, and Ulam Recurrence Phenomena......Page 347
KdV Soliton Properties......Page 350
Shocks......Page 356
Chaos......Page 358
Problems......Page 364
Definition of Standards......Page 366
Derived Units of Physical Quantities and Notation......Page 367
Trigonometric Identities......Page 369
Calculus......Page 370
Power Series......Page 371
Laplace Transforms......Page 372
Refs......Page 374
Answers......Page 375
Index......Page 380