Fundamentals of the Physical Therapy Examination: Patient Interview and Tests & Measures

Cover......Page 1
Title......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 20
New to This Edition......Page 22
Acknowledgments......Page 24
About the Author......Page 26
Reviewers......Page 28
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Physical Therapy Examination......Page 30
What is the Physical Therapy Examination?......Page 31
The Aim of this Text......Page 32
Part II. Tests and Measures: Building on the Foundation......Page 33
Use of Case Examples to Enhance Learning......Page 34
Suggestions to Hone Your Examination Skills......Page 35
References......Page 36
PART I: The Patient Interview: Laying a Solid Foundation......Page 38
CHAPTER 2 Cultivating a Therapeutic Partnership......Page 40
Communication is the Key......Page 41
The Receptive Component: The Importance of Listening......Page 42
Preparing the Environment......Page 43
Preparing Your Physical Self......Page 44
Preparing Your Mental and Emotional Self......Page 45
Finding Your Inner Chameleon......Page 46
When the Need for Empathy Trumps the Clinician’s Agenda......Page 47
The Art of Digging Deep......Page 48
BioPsychoSocial Aspects: Why No Two Patients Are Alike......Page 49
Culture......Page 50
Length of the Initial Interview......Page 52
Purposes of The Initial Patient Interview......Page 53
Chapter Summary......Page 55
References......Page 56
CHAPTER 3 Interviewing Techniques and Communication Tools......Page 60
Types of Questions......Page 61
Reflective Feeling......Page 63
Summarizing......Page 64
Motivational Interviewing Concepts......Page 65
Communicating Well While Documenting......Page 67
References......Page 68
CHAPTER 4 Conduct and Content of the Patient Interview......Page 70
Introduction......Page 71
Flow Chart of the Interview Process......Page 72
Patient Observation......Page 73
Greeting the Patient......Page 74
Interview Themes and Categories......Page 76
Current Condition or Chief Complaint......Page 79
Medications......Page 85
Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests......Page 86
Past Medical and Past Surgical History......Page 87
Family Medical History......Page 88
Physical Environment and Available Resources......Page 89
Recreation and Social Activities......Page 90
Current and Previous Activity and Participation......Page 91
General Health Status; Health and Social Habits......Page 92
Verbal Review of Systems......Page 94
The Interview Summary......Page 96
Documenting the Patient Interview......Page 97
Chapter Summary......Page 99
References......Page 100
PART II: Tests and Measures: Building on the Foundation......Page 104
CHAPTER 5 Introduction to Physical Therapy Tests and Measures......Page 106
Introduction......Page 107
What Tests and Measures are Available?......Page 108
Choosing the Appropriate Tests and Measures......Page 111
Content and Organization of the Remaining Chapters......Page 113
References......Page 114
CHAPTER 6 Global Observation, Mental Functions, and Components of Mobility and Function......Page 116
Introduction......Page 117
Fundamental Concepts......Page 119
Priority or Pointless?......Page 120
Case Example......Page 121
Fundamental Concepts......Page 122
Procedure......Page 123
Priority or Pointless?......Page 124
Case Example......Page 125
Procedure......Page 126
Priority or Pointless?......Page 130
Case Example......Page 131
Fundamental Concepts......Page 132
Procedure......Page 134
Priority or Pointless?......Page 136
Case Example......Page 137
Fundamental Concepts......Page 138
Informal Postural Assessment......Page 142
Formal Postural Assessment......Page 143
Case Example......Page 147
Fundamental Concepts......Page 148
Procedure......Page 149
Priority or Pointless?......Page 150
Case Example......Page 151
Gait Cycle Terminology......Page 152
Descriptions of Common Pathological Gait Patterns......Page 154
Procedure......Page 157
Priority or Pointless?......Page 159
Case Example......Page 160
Fundamental Concepts......Page 161
Procedure......Page 164
Priority or Pointless?......Page 165
Case Example......Page 166
Chapter Summary......Page 167
References......Page 169
CHAPTER 7 Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Examination......Page 174
Introduction......Page 175
Fundamental Concepts......Page 177
Pulse Points......Page 178
Fundamental Concepts......Page 179
Assessment of Respiration......Page 180
Fundamental Concepts......Page 181
Assessment of Blood Pressure......Page 183
Case Example......Page 185
Procedure......Page 186
Case Example......Page 187
Fundamental Concepts......Page 188
Assessment of Pitting Edema......Page 189
Measurement of Edema......Page 190
Case Example......Page 191
Fundamental Concepts......Page 192
Procedure......Page 193
Case Example......Page 194
Procedure......Page 195
Priority or Pointless?......Page 196
Case Example......Page 197
Six-Minute Walk Test......Page 198
Chapter Summary......Page 199
References......Page 200
CHAPTER 8 Integumentary Examination......Page 204
Introduction......Page 205
Fundamental Concepts......Page 207
Color......Page 208
Malignancies of the Skin......Page 209
Screening Inspection of the Hair and Nails......Page 210
Nails......Page 211
Signs of Inflammation and Infection......Page 213
Case Example......Page 214
Identification of Areas at Risk......Page 215
Classification of Pressure Ulcers......Page 217
Case Example......Page 219
Venous Insufficiency......Page 220
Procedures to Identify Vascular Insufficiency......Page 221
Assessment of Peripheral Pulses......Page 223
Priority or Pointless?......Page 224
Case Example......Page 225
Diabetic Neuropathy......Page 226
Observation and Palpation......Page 227
Peripheral Vascular Examination......Page 228
Describing and Classifying Diabetic Wounds......Page 229
Priority or Pointless?......Page 230
Case Example......Page 231
Surgical Wounds......Page 232
Burns......Page 233
Case Example......Page 235
Chapter Summary......Page 236
References......Page 237
CHAPTER 9 Musculoskeletal Examination......Page 242
INTRODUCTION......Page 243
Active Range of Motion......Page 244
Limited Active Range of Motion......Page 245
Passive Range of Motion......Page 246
Joint End Feel......Page 247
Documenting Estimated ROM......Page 248
Procedure......Page 249
Performing Passive ROM Screen......Page 260
Case Example......Page 262
Goniometric Devices......Page 264
Goniometric Techniques......Page 265
Procedure......Page 267
Case Example......Page 292
Fundamental Concepts......Page 294
Procedure......Page 295
Priority or Pointless?......Page 305
Case Example......Page 306
Fundamental Concepts......Page 307
Procedure......Page 308
Priority or Pointless?......Page 318
Case Example......Page 319
Introduction......Page 320
Fundamental Concepts......Page 321
Procedure......Page 322
Grading Manual Muscle Testing......Page 323
Priority or Pointless?......Page 365
Case Example......Page 366
Fundamental Concepts......Page 368
Procedure......Page 369
Case Example......Page 371
Chapter Summary......Page 372
References......Page 375
CHAPTER 10 Neuromuscular Examination......Page 378
Introduction......Page 379
Fundamental Concepts......Page 380
Protective Sensation......Page 383
Pain (Sharp/Dull Test)......Page 385
Temperature......Page 386
Position Sense......Page 387
Discriminative Sensation......Page 388
Priority or Pointless?......Page 390
Case Example......Page 391
Dermatomes......Page 392
Dermatomes......Page 393
Myotomes......Page 394
Case Example......Page 399
Hypotonic DTRs......Page 400
Procedure......Page 401
Priority or Pointless?......Page 404
Case Example......Page 405
Procedure......Page 406
Lower Extremity Tests......Page 407
Priority or Pointless?......Page 409
Case Example......Page 410
Sensory System......Page 411
Motor Output......Page 412
Seated Balance......Page 413
Static Standing Balance Tests......Page 414
Anticipatory Balance Tests......Page 415
Dynamic Balance Tests......Page 416
Priority or Pointless?......Page 418
Case Example......Page 419
Fundamental Concepts......Page 420
Procedure......Page 421
Case Example......Page 425
Muscle Tone......Page 426
Deep Tendon Reflexes......Page 428
Pronator Drift......Page 429
Pathological Superficial Reflexes......Page 430
Priority or Pointless?......Page 432
Case Example......Page 433
Chapter Summary......Page 434
References......Page 436
APPENDIX A......Page 440
APPENDIX B......Page 448
A......Page 452
C......Page 453
D......Page 455
F......Page 456
G......Page 457
I......Page 458
M......Page 459
P......Page 460
R......Page 462
S......Page 463
U......Page 464
Z......Page 465