Fundamentals of Photocatalysis

Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
Oxidation and Reduction of Heavy Metals by Photocatalytic Process
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Photocatalytic Process for Oxidation  and Reduction of Heavy Metals
	Photocatalytic Reduction Processes
		Lead Reduction
			Photoreduction of Lead and the Use of Organic Electron Donors
			The pH Effect
			Lead Photoreduction Mechanism
			Different Photocatalysts Applied to Lead Photoreduction  and Photocatalyst Reuse
		Selenium Reduction
			Photoreduction of Selenite and Selenate:  The Role of Organic Electron Donors
			The pH Effect
			Selenium Photoreduction Mechanism
			Application and Reuse of Photocalalysts  on Selenium Photoreduction
	Photocatalytic Oxidation Processes
		Arsenium Oxidation
	References
	Biographical Sketches
Chapter 2
Peculiarities of the Reactions  on Particulate Photocatalysts
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Various Charge-Transfer Reactions  at Solid-Solution Interfaces
	Reaction Rates and Reorganization Energy
	Essential Difference between Photocatalysis and Electrochemistry
	Electric Potential Near the Solid Surface
	Lead-Wire-Free Particulate Photoelectrode
	Effects of Light Intensity and Reactant Concentration on Photocatalytic  Oxidation Rates
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 3
ZnO-CdO Nanoblocks: Utilization  as Adsorbent and Efficient Solar Photo-Catalyst towards Brilliant Cresol Blue Degradation
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Experimental Sections
		Materials and Methods
		Synthesis and Growth Mechanism of Doped ZnO-CdO NBs
		Photocatalytic Degradation of BCB with Doped  ZnO-CdO NBs
		Samples Preparation and Procedure for Metal Ions  Uptakes Using ZnO-CdO NBs
	Results and Discussion
		Characterization of Doped ZnO-CdO NBs
		Photocatalytic Degradation of BCB Using ZnO-CdO NBs
		Metal Ions Uptakes Using Doped ZnO-CdO NBs  (Batch Method)
			Selectivity Study of Calcined ZnO-CdO NBs
			Static Adsorption Capacity
			Adsorption Isotherm Models
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 4
Heterogeneous Photocatalysis Explained through the  Use of Titanium and Tungsten  Oxide Nanostructures
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Literature Review
		Photocatalysis
		Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)
		Tungsten Trioxide (WO3)
		Sodium Tungstate Dihydrate (Na2WO4.2H2O)
		Substrates
		Electrospinning
		Spin-Coating
	Materials and Methods
		Sample Construction
			Electrospinning
			Obtaining the Films by Spin-Coating
			Characterization of Nanostructures
			Photocatalytic Measurements
	Results and Discussion
		Descriptive of the Phases Present in the Samples
		Microstructure in the Samples
	Applications
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5
Designing an Enhanced Visible-Light Activated Hierarchical Three-Dimensional Ag/TiO2 Nanowires/Graphene Sandwich Photocatalyst
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Experimental Methods
		Materials
		Synthesis
			Graphene Oxide (GO) Synthesis
			Ag/TNW/RGO Synthesis
		Characterization
		Photocatalytic Degradation
	Results
		Characterization Studies
			Microscopic and Surface Area Analysis
			XRD Analysis
			Raman Analysis
			Diffuse Reflectance UV-Vis Spectroscopy (DRS)
		Photocatalytic Degradation Studies
	Discussion
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
Chapter 6
Visible Light‐Mediated DDQ Photoredox‐Catalyzed C-N Bond Formation Reactions:  A Review
	Abstract
	Introduction
	DDQ-Initiated C-N Bond Formation  under Visible-Light Irradiation
	Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Index
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