Fundamentals of Osteoporosis

Fundamentals of Osteoporosis......Page p0004.djvu
Copyright Page......Page p0005.djvu
Contents......Page p0006.djvu
Contributors......Page p0010.djvu
Preface......Page p0012.djvu
II. Composition and Organization of Bone......Page p0014.djvu
III. Cellular Components of Bone......Page p0022.djvu
IV. Bone Homeostasis......Page p0025.djvu
V. Bone Mechanics......Page p0028.djvu
VI. Summary......Page p0033.djvu
I. Defining Osteoporosis......Page p0038.djvu
II. Material and Structural Basis of Skeletal Fragility......Page p0039.djvu
III. Conclusions......Page p0044.djvu
I. Introduction......Page p0048.djvu
II. Skeletal Heterogeneity......Page p0049.djvu
III. The Purposes of Bone Remodeling......Page p0051.djvu
IV. Implications for Understanding Osteoporosis......Page p0056.djvu
II. Embryonic Development of the Osteoblast Phenotype: Lessons for Bone Formation in the Postnatal Skeleton......Page p0068.djvu
III. Developmental Sequence of Osteoblast Phenotype Development......Page p0075.djvu
IV. Phenotypic Properties of Osteogenic Lineage Cells......Page p0081.djvu
V. Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Progression of Osteoblast Growth and Differentiation......Page p0091.djvu
VI. Conclusion......Page p0103.djvu
II. Key Osteoclast Differentiation Pathways......Page p0126.djvu
III. The Fully Differentiated Osteoclast: Mechanisms of Bone Degradation......Page p0129.djvu
IV. Bone Resorption Coordinated by Intermediate Proteins......Page p0132.djvu
VI. Mechanistic Approaches to Modification of Osteoclastic Activity In Vivo......Page p0133.djvu
VII. Regulation of Osteoclastic Differentiation and Activity In Vivo......Page p0135.djvu
VIII. Interaction of Hormonal and Local Signals with Osteoclast Activity......Page p0136.djvu
IX. Diseases with Altered Bone Resorption......Page p0137.djvu
II. Osteocyte Ontogeny......Page p0144.djvu
III. Osteoid-Osteocytes......Page p0145.djvu
IV. Osteocyte Selective Genes/Proteins and their Potential Functions......Page p0146.djvu
V. Morphology of Osteocytes: Lacunocanalicular System and Dendrite Formation......Page p0147.djvu
VII. Mechanisms and Response of Osteocytes to Mechanical Forces......Page p0149.djvu
VIII. Osteocyte Signals for Bone Formation......Page p0152.djvu
IX. Osteocyte Signals for Bone Resorption......Page p0153.djvu
XI. Osteocyte Modification of Its Microenvironment......Page p0154.djvu
XIII. Role of Gap Junctions and Hemichannels in Osteocyte Communication......Page p0155.djvu
XIV. Osteocytes in the Embryonic and the Adult Skeleton......Page p0156.djvu
XV. The Implications of Osteocyte Biology for Bone Disease......Page p0157.djvu
XVI. Conclusions......Page p0158.djvu
I. Introduction......Page p0166.djvu
II. Collagenous Proteins......Page p0168.djvu
III. Intermediate Cartilage Matrix......Page p0170.djvu
IV. Bone-Enriched Matrix Proteins......Page p0176.djvu
V. The Mineralization of Bone Matrix......Page p0194.djvu
II. Patterning the Skeleton......Page p0216.djvu
III. Endochondral Bone Formation......Page p0225.djvu
IV. Intramembranous Bone Formation......Page p0236.djvu
I. Introduction: Historical Perspective and Significance......Page p0246.djvu
II. Introduction To Mouse Skeletal Physiology......Page p0247.djvu
III. Inbred Strains of Mice......Page p0248.djvu
IV. Recombinant Inbred strains......Page p0250.djvu
V. Congenic Strains......Page p0251.djvu
VI. Recombinant Congenic Strains......Page p0254.djvu
VII. Summary......Page p0255.djvu
II. Secretion of Parathyroid Hormone......Page p0258.djvu
III. Metabolism of Parathyroid Hormone......Page p0259.djvu
IV. Bone Resorbing Action of Parathyroid Hormone......Page p0260.djvu
V. Effects of Parathyroid Hormone on Bone Formation......Page p0261.djvu
VI. Renal Actions of Parathyroid Hormone......Page p0263.djvu
VIII. Physiological Roles of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein......Page p0264.djvu
IX. Mechanism of Action of Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein......Page p0269.djvu
I. Introduction......Page p0292.djvu
II. Vitamin D Synthesis and Metabolism......Page p0293.djvu
III. Pathways of Activation and Inactivation of Vitamin D......Page p0301.djvu
IV. Mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D Action......Page p0306.djvu
V. Nongenomic Actions of Vitamin D......Page p0316.djvu
VI. Physiology: Regulation of Serum Calcium......Page p0317.djvu
VII. Genetic Disorders......Page p0319.djvu
VIII. 1,25(OH)2D3 Analogs with Decreased Calcemic Activity......Page p0321.djvu
IX. Actions of Vitamin D in Classical Target Organs to Regulate Mineral Homeostasis......Page p0323.djvu
X. Actions of 1,25(OH)2D in Nonclassical Target Organs......Page p0329.djvu
XI. Vitamin D and Osteoporosis......Page p0335.djvu
III. Estrogen Receptors......Page p0358.djvu
V. Estrogens and Bone......Page p0367.djvu
VI. Estrogen Receptors in Bone Cells......Page p0368.djvu
VII. Estrogenic Responses in Bone Cells......Page p0373.djvu
IX. Nongenomic Actions of Estrogens in Bone Cells......Page p0385.djvu
X. Conclusion......Page p0386.djvu
II. Androgens and the Role of Androgen Metabolism......Page p0400.djvu
III. Cellular Biology of the Androgen Receptor in the Skeleton......Page p0403.djvu
IV. The Consequences of Androgen Action in Bone Cells......Page p0408.djvu
V. The Skeletal Effects of Androgen: Animal Studies......Page p0412.djvu
VI. Animal Models of Altered Androgen Responsiveness......Page p0415.djvu
VII. Effects on the Periosteum: The Role of Androgen Receptor versus Aromatization of Testosterone......Page p0416.djvu
VIII. Summary......Page p0417.djvu
II. Phosphorus Homeostasis......Page p0426.djvu
IV. Fibroblast Growth Factor 23......Page p0429.djvu
VI. Matrix Extracellular Phosphoglycoprotein......Page p0435.djvu
VII. Fibroblast Growth Factor 7......Page p0436.djvu
VIII. Summary......Page p0437.djvu
I. Wnts......Page p0442.djvu
II. The Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway......Page p0443.djvu
III. Other Wnt Pathways......Page p0448.djvu
IV. Mutations in Wnt Pathway Components and Altered Bone Mass......Page p0450.djvu
V. Wnt Signaling and Bone Cell Function......Page p0452.djvu
VI. Wnt Signaling and the Bone Response to Mechanical Loading......Page p0455.djvu
VII. Conclusions and Future Directions......Page p0456.djvu
I. Introduction......Page p0466.djvu
II. Evidence for a Role of Cytokines in Osteoclastic Bone Resorption......Page p0467.djvu
IV. The Osteoblast as a Cell Source of Cytokines Involved in Osteoclastic Resorption......Page p0468.djvu
V. Rank Ligand and Its Signaling Receptor, RANK......Page p0469.djvu
VI. Osteoprotegerin......Page p0472.djvu
VII. Macrophage–Colony-Stimulating Factor and Its Receptor, C-fms......Page p0473.djvu
IX. Tumor Necrosis Factor......Page p0475.djvu
X. Interleukin-6 (IL-6)......Page p0476.djvu
XI. Interleukin-15 (IL-15), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), and Interleukin-18 (IL-18)......Page p0477.djvu
XII. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins......Page p0478.djvu
XIII. Hedgehog (Hh) Signaling Molecules......Page p0484.djvu
XV. Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide (Pthrp)......Page p0486.djvu
XVI. Neuronal Regulation of Bone Remodeling......Page p0487.djvu
XVII. Conclusion......Page p0490.djvu
II. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor......Page p0504.djvu
III. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor......Page p0506.djvu
IV. Fibroblast Growth Factor......Page p0507.djvu
V. Transforming Growth Factor Beta......Page p0508.djvu
VI. Bone Morphogenetic Protein......Page p0509.djvu
VII. Insulin-Like Growth Factor......Page p0510.djvu
VIII. Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins......Page p0512.djvu
IX. Hepatocyte Growth Factor......Page p0513.djvu
I. Introduction......Page p0522.djvu
III. Cell Interactions Early in Remodeling......Page p0523.djvu
IV. Interaction of Osteoblast Lineage Cells with Osteoclasts......Page p0524.djvu
V. Factors Proposed to Mediate the Coupling of Bone Formation to Resorption......Page p0525.djvu
VI. Osteoclast Products in the Coupling Process......Page p0527.djvu
VII. Similarities between Bone Remodeling and Inflammation......Page p0528.djvu
IX. The Role of Mechanical Function (Strain) in the Coupling of Bone Resorption to Bone Formation......Page p0529.djvu
X. Integrated View of the Coupling of Bone Resorption and Bone Formation......Page p0530.djvu
Index......Page p0536.djvu