Fundamentals of International Aviation Law and Policy

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Biography
Learning Tools
Legal texts
	International Treaties
	European Union Legislation
	National Legislation
Court cases
	Court of Justice of the European Union Cases
	International Court of Justice Cases
	United States Cases
	United Kingdom Cases
	Other Domestic Cases
1 Foundations of Aviation Law
	Learning Objectives
	1.1 Introduction
		1.1.1 Aviation v. Air Law
		1.1.2 What is Aviation Law?
	1.2 Key Elements in Aviation Law
	1.3 Sources of Aviation Law
		1.3.1 International Law
		1.3.2 European Union Law
		1.3.3 National Law
		1.3.4 Binding Law and Non-Binding Instruments
	Recommended Literature
	Points for Further Research
2 Early Development in Aviation Law
	Learning Objectives
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Prior to the Paris Convention 1919
	2.3 Paris Peace Conference
		2.3.1 World War I and the Treaty of Versailles
		2.3.2 Paris Convention 1919
	2.4 Madrid Convention 1926
	2.5 Havana Convention 1928
	2.6 Time for a New Era
	Recommended Literature
	Points for Further Research
3 Convention on International Civil Aviation
	Learning Objectives
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Applicability of the Chicago Convention 1944
		3.2.1 International
		3.2.2 Aviation
		3.2.3 Civil
	3.3 War and Emergency Conditions
	3.4 Purpose of the Chicago Convention 1944
		3.4.1 Preamble
		3.4.2 Misuse of Civil Aviation
		3.4.3 Use of Weapons Against Civil Aircraft
	3.5 Breakdown of the Chicago Convention 1944
		3.5.1 Part I Air Navigation
		3.5.2 Part II International Civil Aviation Organization
		3.5.3 Part III International Air Transport
		3.5.4 Part IV Final Provisions
	3.6 Transfer of Responsibility
	3.7 Amendments
	3.8 Dispute Settlement
		3.8.1 Role of the International Civil Aviation Organization Council
		3.8.2 Appeals after the International Civil Aviation Organization Council
		3.8.3 Penalties
	Recommended Literature
	Points for Further Research
4 International Civil Aviation Organization
	Learning Objectives
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Bodies of the International Civil Aviation Organization
		4.2.1 Secretariat
		4.2.2 Council
		4.2.3 Assembly
		4.2.4 Air Navigation Commission
	4.3 Annexes to the Chicago Convention 1944
		4.3.1 Standards and Recommended Practices
		4.3.2 Overview of the Annexes to the Chicago Convention 1944
		4.3.3 Adoption of Standards and Recommended Practices
		4.3.4 Departures from International Standards and Procedures
	4.4 Regional Cooperation under the Chicago Convention 1944
	Recommended Literature
	Points for Further Research
5 International Air Transport
	Learning Objectives
	5.1 Introduction
		5.1.1 Sovereignty: Article 1 Chicago Convention 1944 and a Closed Airspace
		5.1.2 Non-Scheduled International Air Services
		5.1.3 Regulation of International Scheduled Air Services
		5.1.4 Notion of Cabotage
		5.1.5 Operation of Pilotless Aircraft
		5.1.6 Prohibited Areas: Article 9 Chicago Convention 1944
	5.2 Freedoms of the Air
		5.2.1 First Freedom
		5.2.2 Second Freedom
		5.2.3 Third Freedom
		5.2.4 Fourth Freedom
		5.2.5 Fifth Freedom
		5.2.6 Sixth Freedom
		5.2.7 Seventh freedom
		5.2.8 Eight Freedom: ‘Relative’ or ‘Quasi’ Cabotage
		5.2.9 Ninth Freedom: ‘Absolute’ or ‘Pure’ Cabotage
	5.3 Rise of Bilateralism
		5.3.1 Pre-Liberalisation: Bermuda I and Bermuda II Air Services Agreements
		5.3.2 Early Multilateral Developments
		5.3.3 ‘Open Skies’ Agreements
		5.3.4 Recent Multilateral ‘Open Skies’ Attempts
	5.4 Key Themes in Bilateral Air Services Agreements
		5.4.1 Airline Nationality Requirements
		5.4.2 Licensing
		5.4.3 Designation of Airlines
	5.5 Airline Commercial Cooperation and Alliances
		5.5.1 Rationale for Airline Cooperation
		5.5.2 Interlining
		5.5.3 Code-Sharing
		5.5.4 Global Alliances
	Recommended Literature
	Points for Further Research
6 Criminal Aviation Law
	Learning Objectives
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Background and Prohibited Acts
		6.2.1 Tokyo Convention 1963
		6.2.2 Hague Convention 1970
		6.2.3 Montreal Convention 1971
		6.2.4 Montreal Protocol 1988
		6.2.5 Beijing Convention 2010
		6.2.6 Beijing Protocol 2010
		6.2.7 Montreal Protocol 2014
	6.3 Applicability
		6.3.1 Religious Motivation
		6.3.2 In Flight and In Service
		6.3.3 Surface of the High Sea and other Areas OutsideTerritory of a State
		6.3.4 Non-Military
		6.3.5 International Element
	6.4 Jurisdiction
	6.5 Obligations of Contracting States
	6.6 Powers of the Aircraft Commander
		6.6.1 Restraint
		6.6.2 Disembarkation
		6.6.3 Delivery
	6.7 In-FlightSecurity Officer
	6.8 Dispute Settlement
	6.9 Issues of Entry into Force
	Recommended Literature
	Points for Further Research
7 Contractual Liability
	Learning Objectives
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Historical Background
		7.2.1 Warsaw Convention 1929
		7.2.2 Amendments and Additions Following the Warsaw Convention 1929
		7.2.3 Montreal Convention 1999
	7.3 Scope of Application
	7.4 Documentation
		7.4.1 Documentation Relating to Passengers and Baggage
		7.4.2 Documentation Relating to Carriage of Cargo
	7.5 Liability of the Air Carrier in Case of Death or Injury of Passengers
		7.5.1 Article 17 Montreal Convention 1999
		7.5.2 Accident
		7.5.3 Causal Link between the Accident and the Damage
		7.5.4 Death or Bodily Injury
		7.5.5 Embarkation and Disembarkation
		7.5.6 Damage to Baggage
	7.6 Two-Tier Liability Regime of the Montreal Convention 1999
		7.6.1 Limited, but Strict, Liability
		7.6.2 Exposure to Unlimited Liability
	7.7 Carrier Liability in Case of Delay
	7.8 Liability Regime Concerning the Carriage of Cargo
	7.9 Exclusivity Principle
	7.10 Jurisdiction
		7.10.1 Court of the Domicile of the Carrier
		7.10.2 Court of the Principal Place of Business of the Carrier
		7.10.3 Court where the Carrier has a Place of Business through which the Contract has been Made
		7.10.4 Court at the Place of Destination
		7.10.5 Fifth Jurisdiction
		7.10.6 Concluding Remarks on Jurisdiction
	7.11 Regional or Local Regimes Concerning Air Passenger Rights: Example of the Regulation 261/2004
		7.11.1 Geographical Scope of Application
		7.11.2 Material Scope of Application
		7.11.3 Compensation Scheme
		7.11.4 Duty of Assistance and Right to Care
		7.11.5 Compatibility with the Montreal Convention 1999
		7.11.6 Extraordinary Defence for the Air Carrier
	Recommended Literature
	Points for Further Research
8 Third-Party Liability and Damage on the Surface
	Learning Objectives
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Early Development: Rome Convention 1933
	8.3 Rome Convention 1952
		8.3.1 Scope
		8.3.2 Operator of the Aircraft
	8.4 Montreal Protocol 1978
	8.5 International Civil Aviation Organization Conventions for Damage to Third Parties
		8.5.1 Unlawful Interference Convention 2009
		8.5.2 General Risks Convention 2009
	8.6 Mid-Air Collisions
	Recommended Literature
	Points for Further Research
9 Aviation Insurance
	Learning Objectives
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Definition of ‘Insurance’
	9.3 Applicable Law
	9.4 Process
	9.5 Compulsory Insurance
		9.5.1 Rome Convention 1952
		9.5.2 Montreal Convention 1999
		9.5.3 European Union Regulation 1008/2008 and Regulation 785/2004
		9.5.4 Other Sources of Law
	9.6 Types of Insurance
	Recommended Literature
	Points for Further Research
10 Aviation Competition Law
	Learning Objectives
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Application of Competition Law to Air Transport
	10.3 European Union Competition Law Framework
		10.3.1 Prohibited Agreements
		10.3.2 Abuse of Dominant Position
		10.3.3 Application of Articles 101 and 102 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to the Aviation Sector
		10.3.4 State Aid
		10.3.5 Airline Merger Control in the European Union
	10.4 United States Antitrust Regime
		10.4.1 Introduction
		10.4.2 Sherman Act
		10.4.3 Institution of the Antitrust Immunity
		10.4.4 Airline Merger Control in the USA
	10.5 Development of Fair Competition in International Air Transport: Role of the International Civil Aviation Organization
	Recommended Literature
	Points for Further Research
11 Regulation of Environment in Aviation
	Learning Objectives
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Need for a Sustainable Aviation
	11.3 Regulation of Environment in Air Transport
		11.3.1 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol
		11.3.2 International Civil Aviation Organization and Annex
		11.3.3 Carbon Offsetting Reduction Scheme for International Aviation
	11.4 Air Service Agreements and Recent Developments
	11.5 European Union Emissions Trading Scheme
	11.6 Aircraft Noise
	Recommended Literature
	Points for Further Research
12 Suborbital Transportation and the Link to Space Law
	Learning Objectives
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Historical Overview
	12.3 Overview of the Industry
		12.3.1 Types of Vehicles
		12.3.2 Suborbital Vehicles Concepts
		12.3.3 Types of Activities
		12.3.4 Types of Participants
	12.4 Legal Regime
	12.5 Applicable Laws
		12.5.1 Spatialist Approach
		12.5.2 Functionalist Approach
	Recommended Literature
	Points for Further Research
Annex I – List of Main International Aviation Law Treaties
	I.I Public Aviation Law
	I.II Contractual Liability
	I.III Third-Party Liability
	I.IV Criminal Law
	I.V Rights in Aircraft
Index