Fundamentals of HVAC Systems: SI Edition

Front Cover......Page 1
Fundamentals of HVAC Systems......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
Foreword......Page 10
1.1 Introduction......Page 12
1.2 Brief History of HVAC......Page 13
1.4 Introduction to Air-Conditioning Processes......Page 14
1.5 Objective: What is your system to achieve?......Page 15
1.6 Environment For Human Comfort......Page 17
The Next Step......Page 19
Bibliography......Page 20
Objectives of Chapter 2......Page 22
2.2 Introducing the Psychrometric Chart......Page 23
2.3 Basic Air-Conditioning System......Page 31
2.4 Zoned Air-Conditioning Systems......Page 35
2.5 Choosing an Air-Conditioning System......Page 38
2.6 System Choice Matrix......Page 41
Summary......Page 42
Bibliography......Page 44
3.1 Introduction: What is Thermal Comfort?......Page 45
3.2 Seven Factors Influencing Thermal Comfort......Page 46
3.3 Conditions for Comfort......Page 49
3.4 Managing Under Less Than Ideal Conditions......Page 52
3.5 Requirements of Non-Standard Groups......Page 53
Summary......Page 54
Bibliography......Page 55
4.1 Introduction......Page 56
4.2 Air Pollutants and Contaminants......Page 57
4.3 Indoor Air Quality Effects on Health and Comfort......Page 58
4.4 Controlling Indoor Air Quality......Page 60
4.5 ASHRAE Standard 62, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality......Page 65
Summary......Page 70
Bibliography......Page 71
5.1 Introduction......Page 73
5.3 Zoning Design......Page 74
5.4 Controlling the Zone......Page 79
Summary......Page 80
Objectives of Chapter 6......Page 82
6.2 Examples of Buildings with Single-Zone Package Air-Conditioning Units......Page 83
6.3 Air-Handling Unit Components......Page 84
6.4 The Refrigeration Cycle......Page 89
6.5 System Performance Requirements......Page 94
6.6 Rooftop Units......Page 96
6.7 Split Systems......Page 99
Summary......Page 100
Bibliography......Page 102
Objectives of Chapter 7......Page 103
7.1 Introduction......Page 104
7.2 Single-Duct, Zoned-Reheat, Constant-Volume Systems......Page 105
7.3 Single-Duct, Variable-Air-Volume Systems (VAV)......Page 107
7.4 Bypass Box Systems......Page 109
7.5 Constant-Volume, Dual-Duct, All-Air Systems......Page 110
7.6 Multizone Systems......Page 113
7.7 Three-Deck Multizone Systems......Page 114
7.8 Dual-Duct, Variable-Air-Volume Systems......Page 115
The Next Step......Page 116
Summary......Page 117
Objectives of Chapter 8......Page 119
8.1 Introduction......Page 120
8.2 Natural Convection and Low Temperature Radiation Heating Systems......Page 121
8.3 Panel Heating and Cooling......Page 124
8.4 Fan Coils......Page 125
8.5 Two-Pipe Induction Systems......Page 128
8.6 Water Source Heat Pumps......Page 129
Summary......Page 131
Bibliography......Page 132
Objectives of Chapter 9......Page 133
9.2 Steam Systems......Page 134
9.3 Water Systems......Page 136
9.4 Hot Water Systems......Page 140
9.5 Chilled Water Systems......Page 144
9.6 Condenser Water......Page 145
Summary......Page 148
Bibliography......Page 149
Objectives of Chapter 10......Page 150
10.2 Central Plant versus Local Plant in a Building......Page 151
10.3 Boilers......Page 153
10.4 Chillers......Page 156
10.5 Cooling Towers......Page 159
The Next Step......Page 162
Summary......Page 163
Bibliography......Page 164
Objectives of Chapter 11......Page 165
11.1 Introduction......Page 166
11.2 Controls Basics......Page 167
11.3 Typical Control Loops......Page 172
11.4 Introduction to Direct Digital Control (DDC)......Page 174
11.5 Direct Digital Control of an Air-Handler......Page 179
11.6 Architecture and Advantages of Direct Digital Controls......Page 183
The Next Step......Page 186
Summary......Page 187
Bibliography......Page 188
Objectives of Chapter 12......Page 189
12.2 Energy Considerations For Buildings......Page 190
12.3 ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004......Page 194
12.4 Heat Recovery......Page 197
12.5 Air-Side and Water-Side Economizers......Page 201
12.6 Evaporative Cooling......Page 203
The Final Step......Page 205
Summary......Page 206
Bibliography......Page 207
Objectives of Chapter 13......Page 208
13.2 Radiant Heating and Cooling Systems......Page 209
13.3 Thermal Storage Systems......Page 212
13.4 The Ground as Heat Source and Sink......Page 222
13.5 Occupant-Controlled Windows with HVAC......Page 223
13.6 Room Air Distribution Systems......Page 224
13.7 Decoupled and Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems......Page 228
Summary......Page 231
Your Next Step......Page 233
Epilogue......Page 234
Index......Page 236