Fundamentals of HVAC Systems

Contents......Page 6
Foreword......Page 10
Introduction......Page 12
Brief History of HVAC......Page 13
Introduction to Air-conditioning Processes......Page 14
Objective: What is your system to achieve?......Page 15
Environment For Human Comfort......Page 17
Summary......Page 19
Bibliography......Page 20
Introduction......Page 21
Introducing the Psychrometric Chart......Page 22
Basic Air-Conditioning System......Page 31
Zoned Air-Conditioning Systems......Page 34
Choosing an Air-Conditioning System......Page 37
System Choice Matrix......Page 39
Summary......Page 41
Bibliography......Page 42
Introduction: What is Thermal Comfort?......Page 43
Seven Factors Influencing Thermal Comfort......Page 44
Conditions for Comfort......Page 47
Managing Under Less Than Ideal Conditions......Page 50
Requirements of Non-Standard Groups......Page 51
Summary......Page 52
Bibliography......Page 53
Introduction......Page 54
Air Pollutants and Contaminants......Page 55
Indoor Air Quality Effects on Health and Comfort......Page 56
Controlling Indoor Air Quality......Page 58
ASHRAE Standard 62 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality......Page 63
Summary......Page 69
Bibliography......Page 70
Introduction......Page 71
What is a Zone?......Page 72
Zoning Design......Page 73
Controlling the Zone......Page 76
Summary......Page 78
Introduction......Page 79
Examples of Buildings with Single-zone Package Air-Conditioning Units......Page 80
Air-Handling Unit Components......Page 81
Refrigeration Equipment......Page 86
System Performance Requirements......Page 91
Rooftop Units......Page 93
Split Systems......Page 96
Summary......Page 97
Bibliography......Page 98
Introduction......Page 99
Single-Duct, Zoned Reheat, Constant Volume Systems......Page 101
Single-Duct, Variable Air Volume Systems......Page 103
By-Pass Box Systems......Page 105
Constant Volume Dual-Duct, All-Air Systems......Page 106
Multizone Systems......Page 109
Dual-Duct, Variable Air Volume Systems......Page 110
Dual Path Outside Air Systems......Page 111
Summary......Page 112
Introduction......Page 114
Natural Convection and Low Temperature Radiation Heating Systems......Page 115
Panel Heating and Cooling......Page 119
Fan Coils......Page 120
Two Pipe Induction Systems......Page 123
Water Source Heat Pumps......Page 124
Summary......Page 126
Bibliography......Page 127
Introduction......Page 128
Steam......Page 129
Water Systems......Page 131
Hot Water......Page 135
Chilled Water......Page 138
Condenser Water......Page 140
Summary......Page 142
Bibliography......Page 143
Introduction......Page 144
Central Plant Versus Local Plant in a Building......Page 145
Boilers......Page 147
Chillers......Page 150
Cooling Towers......Page 153
Summary......Page 156
Bibliography......Page 158
Introduction......Page 159
Basic Control......Page 161
Typical Control loops......Page 166
Introduction to Direct Digital Control, DDC......Page 168
Direct Digital Control of an Air-Handler......Page 172
Architecture and Advantages of Direct Digital Controls......Page 176
Summary......Page 180
Bibliography......Page 181
Study Objectives of Chapter 12......Page 182
Energy Considerations for Buildings......Page 183
ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1......Page 187
Heat Recovery......Page 190
Air-Side and Water-Side Economizers......Page 194
Evaporative Cooling......Page 196
Control of Building Pressure......Page 197
Summary......Page 198
Bibliography......Page 200
Introduction......Page 201
Radiant Heating and Cooling Systems......Page 202
Thermal Storage Systems......Page 205
The Ground as Heat Source and Sink......Page 215
Occupant Controlled Windows with HVAC......Page 217
Room Air Distribution Systems......Page 218
Decoupled or Dual Path, and Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems......Page 222
Summary......Page 224
Your Next Step......Page 226
Bibliography......Page 227
Index......Page 230