Fundamentals of Electric Aircraft Revised Edition (2023) [Team-IRA]

Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction and a Brief History of Electric Aircraft
	1.1 Background
	1.2 Electrification Trend
	1.3 Early Electric Flights
	1.4 The Solar Years
	1.5 All-Electric and Hybrid-Electric
	1.6 Way Forward
	1.7 Book Structure
	References
Chapter 2: The Electric Aircraft Paradigm
	2.1 Scope and Stakes
	2.2 Route to Electric Aircraft
	2.3 Electrical Chain Breakdown
	2.4 Technology Stakes
	2.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 3: Electrification of Aircraft Systems—Part I
	3.1 Conventional Aircraft and Engine Systems
	3.2 More Electric Engine (MEE) Systems
	3.3 More Electric Aircraft (MEA) ­Systems
		3.3.1 Electrical Power Generation and Distribution
	References
Chapter 4: Electrification of Aircraft Systems—Part II
	4.1 Pneumatic Power Generation
	4.2 Environmental Control System
		4.2.1 Conventional ECS
		4.2.2 Electric ECS
	4.3 Wing Ice Protection System
	4.4 Enabling Technologies
		4.4.1 Motors
		4.4.2 Power Electronics
	4.5 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 5: Electrification of Aircraft Systems—Part III
	5.1 Actuation Needs for Power ­Transmission and Control
	5.2 General Considerations for PbW ­Actuation
		5.2.1 From Power by Pipe Towards Hydraulic-Less PbW
		5.2.2 PbW Actuator Interface to Electric Power Networks
		5.2.3 Power Control in PbW Actuators
		5.2.4 Reliability
		5.2.5 Integration and Mutualization in PbW Actuation
	5.3 Local Generation of Hydraulic Power for Actuation
	5.4 Electrohydrostatic Actuators
		5.4.1 Functional and Architectural View
		5.4.2 In-Service EHAs
		5.4.3 Main Issues for Extensive Use of EHAs
	5.5 Electromechanical Actuators
		5.5.1 Functional and Architectural Aspects
		5.5.2 In-Service EMAs
		5.5.3 Imperfections of Technological Realization
		5.5.4 Maturation of EMAs
	5.6 Challenges with Generalization of PbW Actuation
		5.6.1 Important Considerations for Use of PbW Actuation
		5.6.2 Evolution Towards All-PbW Actuation
	References
		SAE- and ISO-Related Documents
	Acronyms
Chapter 6: Propulsion Options for the Electric Aircraft
	6.1 Conventional Engines
		6.1.1 Gas Turbine
		6.1.2 Turboprop Engine
		6.1.3 Turbofan Engine
		6.1.4 Efficiency
		6.1.5 Noise
	6.2 Bleedless Engines for the More ­Electric Aircraft
	6.3 Propulsion Systems for the Electric Aircraft
		6.3.1 Enabling Architectures
		6.3.1.1 Electric Propulsion
		6.3.1.2 Hybrid-Electric Propulsion
		6.3.1.3 Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP)
		6.3.2 Enabling Technologies
		6.3.2.1 Motors
		6.3.2.2 Motor Controls
		6.3.2.3 Motor and Motor Control Demonstrators
		6.3.2.4 Materials
		6.3.2.5 Superconducting Electrical Systems
		6.3.2.6 Fuel Cells
		6.3.2.7 Batteries
	6.4 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 7: Aircraft Applications—Part I
	7.1 Battery Electric Propulsion—Small General Aviation
	7.2 Urban Air Transportation
	7.3 Fuel Cell Electric Propulsion—­Commuter Aircraft
	7.4 Battery Electric Propulsion—­Regional Aircraft
	7.5 Battery Electric Propulsion—­ Short-Range Aircraft
	7.6 Electric Taxiing—Short-Range ­Aircraft
		7.6.1 Operation
		7.6.2 System Configurations and Performance
		7.6.3 Nose Landing Gear Actuation
		7.6.4 Main Landing Gear Actuation
		7.6.5 Business Models
	7.7 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 8: Aircraft Applications—Part II
	8.1 Fuel Cell Parallel HEP: Commuter Aircraft
	8.2 Battery Series HEP: Commuter ­Aircraft
	8.3 Battery Parallel HEP: Short-Range Aircraft
	8.4 Battery Series HEP: Short-Range Aircraft
	8.5 Battery Distributed HEP: Commuter Aircraft
	8.6 Battery Distributed HEP: Regional Aircraft
	8.7 Distributed HEP: Short-Range ­Aircraft
		8.7.1 No-Battery Partial Turboelectric DHEP
		8.7.2 Fuel Cell Partial Turboelectric DHEP
		8.7.3 No-Battery Total Turboelectric DHEP
		8.7.4 Battery Total Turboelectric DHEP
	8.8 SMES Total Turboelectric DHEP: Long-Range Aircraft
	8.9 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 9: Maintainability and Operational Overview
	9.1 Ground Operations
		9.1.1 Maintenance—State of the Art
		9.1.1.1 Maintenance Planning
		9.1.1.1.1 A Check.
		9.1.1.1.2 B Check.
		9.1.1.1.3 C Check.
		9.1.1.1.4 3C Check.
		9.1.1.1.5 D Check.
		9.1.1.2 Maintenance Prediction—Condition Monitoring
		9.1.1.2.1 Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) and Predictive Maintenance (PdM).
		9.1.2 Changes for More Electric Aircraft
		9.1.3 Changes for an Electric Aircraft
		9.1.4 Airport Operations
		9.1.4.1 Infrastructure
		9.1.4.2 Aircraft Handling
		9.1.4.3 Refueling/Recharging
		9.1.4.4 Pushback/Taxiing
	9.2 In-Flight Operations
		9.2.1 Flight Deck Operations
		9.2.1.1 Complex Configurations/Licenses
		9.2.2 Single Pilot Operations
		9.2.3 Autonomous Flight
		9.2.4 Pilots as Drone Operators
		9.2.5 Cabin Operations
	References
Chapter 10: Performance and Business Value of Electric Aircraft
	10.1 Airline Cost Structure
	10.2 Aircraft Fuel Costs
	10.3 Airline Fuel Efficiency
	10.4 Business Aviation
	10.5 Short-Range Aircraft
	10.6 Long-Range Aircraft
	10.7 Regional Aircraft
	10.8 General Aviation
	10.9 Cost of Ownership
	10.10 Environmental Footprint
	References
Conclusion
Index
About the Authors
Back Cover