Fundamentals of botany

Cover
Half Title
About the Author
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Section 1: Diversity of Microbes and Crytogams
	Chapter 1. Viruses
		1.1 Introduction and Historical Account
		1.2 Characteristics of Viruses
		1.3 Classification of Viruses
		1.4 Structure, Size and Shape of Viruses
		1.5 Isolation and Characterisation of Viruses
		1.6 Virus Multiplication
		1.7 Certain Examples of Viruses
		1.8 Bacteriophages
		1.9 Plant Viruses
		1.10 Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)
		1.11 Viral Diseases of Human Beings
		1.12 Sub-Viral Particles
	Chapter 2. Bacteria and Cyanobacteria
		2.1 Introduction and Historical Account
		2.2 Classification
		2.3 Characteristics
		2.4 Structure of Bacterial Cell
		2.5 Mode of Nutrition
		2.6 Reproduction
		2.7 Economic Importance
		2.8 Cyanobacteria
		2.9 Mycoplasma
		2.10 Other Prokaryotes
	Chapter 3. Thallophytes: Algae, Fungi and Lichens
		(A) ALGAE
			3.1 Introduction and Characteristics
			3.2 Classification of Algae
			3.3 Reproduction in Algae
			3.4 Life Cycles in Algae
			3.5 Class-Chlorophyceae
			3.6 Chlamydomonas
			3.7 Volvox
			3.8 Ulothrix
			3.9 Coleochaete
			3.10 Oedogonium
			3.11 Spirogyra
			3.12 Chara
			3.13 Class : Xanthophyceae
			3.14 Vaucheria
			3.15 Class-Phaeophyceae
			3.16 Ectocarpus
			3.17 Sargassum
			3.18 Class : Rhodophyceae
			3.19 Polysiphonia
			3.20 Economic Importance of Algae
		(B) FUNGI
			3.21 Introduction and Characteristics
			3.22 Pythium
			3.23 Phytophthora
			3.24 Zygomycotina
			3.25 Mucor
			3.26 Yeast
			3.27 Eurotium (Aspergillus)
			3.28 Chaetomium
			3.29 Peziza
			3.30 Basidiomycotina
			3.31 Puccinia
			3.32 Agaricus
			3.33 Economic Importance of Fungi
		(C) LICHENS
			3.34 Lichens
	Chapter 4. Bryophytes
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Characteristics
		4.3 Classification of Bryophytes
		4.4 Riccia
		4.5 Marchantia
		4.6 Pellia
		4.7 Class : Anthocerotae (Anthocerotopsida)
		4.8 Anthoceros
		4.9 Class - Musci (Bryopsida)
		4.10 Funaria
	Chapter 5. Pteridophytes
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Characteristics
		5.3 Stelar System in Pteridophytes
		5.4 Classification of Pteridophytes
		5.5 Structure of Rhynia Fossil
		5.6 Lycopodium
		5.7 Selaginella
		5.8 Equisetum
		5.9 Dryopteris and Pteris
		5.10 Marsilea
		Frequently Asked Descriptive Questions for B.Sc. Examination
		Multiple Choice Questions from PMT and other Competitive Examinations
Section 2: Cell Biology and Genetics
	Chapter 6. Cell and Cell Organelles: Structure and Functions
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Cell Shape and Size
		6.3 Structure of Plant Cell
		6.4 Cell Organelles
		6.5 Major Ergastic Substances of Plants
	Chapter 7. Cell Cycle
		7.1 Interphase (Inter-Mitotic Phase)
		7.2 Cell Division: Mitosis and its Significance
		7.3 Meiosis
	Chapter 8. Nucleic Acids and Chromosome Organisation
		8.1 (A) DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
		8.2 (B) Chromosome Organisation
		8.3 (C) RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
		8.4 Central Dogma
	Chapter 9. Genetic Code
		9.1 Introduction and Discovery
		9.2 Properties of Genetic Code
		9.3 Wobble Hypothesis
	Chapter 10. Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Nature of Proteins
		10.3 Classification of Proteins
		10.4 Structure of Proteins
		10.5 Tests for Proteins
		10.6 Mechanism of Protein Synthesis
	Chapter 11. Gene Regulation
		11.1 Prokaryotic Gene Expression
		11.2 Eukaryotic Gene Expression and its Regulation
	Chapter 12. Genetic Variation
		12.1 (A) Mutation
		12.2 (B) Polyploidy
	Chapter 13. Genetic Inheritance
		13.1 (A) Early Theories of Heredity
		13.2 Terminology
		13.3 (B) Mendelism
		13.4 (C) Post - Mendelian Genetics
	Chapter 14. Commonly used Tools and Techniques
		14.1 Microscopy
		14.2 Cell Fractionation
		14.3 Autoradiography
		14.4 Spectrophotometry
		14.5 Microspectrophotometry
		14.6 Cytochemistry
		14.7 X-Ray Diffraction (X-Ray Crystallography)
		14.8 Chromatography
		14.9 Electrophoresis
		Frequently Asked Descriptive Questions for B.Sc. Examination
		Multiple Choice Questions from PMT and other Competitive Examinations
Appendix A: Scientists who are Said to be Fathers of Different Branches of Botany
Appendix B: Some Scientists and their Important Contributions
Appendix C: Some Renowned Botanists of India
Appendix D: Branches of Botany and Related Sciences
Appendix E: Some Common Abbreviations
Appendix F: Famous Books of Botany and their Authors
Appendix G: Some Research Organisations, Institutions and Gardens in India
Appendix H: Nobel Laureates in Botany and Related Disciplines
Index