Functional Oxides

Functional Oxides......Page 5
Contents......Page 7
Inorganic Materials Series Preface......Page 11
Preface......Page 13
List of Contributors......Page 15
1.1 Introduction......Page 17
1.2 Strategies toward Synthesising Noncentrosymmetric Inorganic Materials......Page 19
1.3 Electronic Distortions......Page 20
1.3.1 Metal Oxyfluoride Systems......Page 24
1.3.2 Salt-Inclusion Solids......Page 25
1.3.3 Borates......Page 27
1.3.4 Noncentrosymmetric Coordination Networks......Page 28
1.4 Properties Associated with Noncentrosymmetric Materials......Page 32
1.4.1 Second-Harmonic Generation......Page 34
1.4.2 Piezoelectricity......Page 37
1.4.3 Pyroelectricity......Page 41
1.4.4 Ferroelectricity......Page 43
1.5 Outlook – Multifunctional Materials......Page 46
1.5.1 Perovskites......Page 47
1.5.3 Metal Halide and Oxy-Halide Systems......Page 48
1.6.1 State of the Field......Page 49
References......Page 50
2.1 Introduction......Page 57
2.2.1 Definition and Criteria: Subversion of the Third Law......Page 58
2.2.2 Magnetism Short Course......Page 59
2.2.4 Ground States of Frustrated Systems: Consequences of Macroscopic Degeneracy......Page 62
2.3.1 The Triangular Planar (TP) Lattice......Page 68
2.3.2 The Kagomé Lattice......Page 73
2.3.3 The Face-Centred Cubic Lattice......Page 88
2.3.4 The Pyrochlores and Spinels......Page 92
2.3.5 Other Frustrated Lattices......Page 121
2.4 Concluding Remarks......Page 124
References......Page 125
3.1 Introduction......Page 135
3.2 Sodium and Lithium β-Alumina......Page 142
3.3 Akali Metal Sulfates and the Effect of Anion Disorder on Conductivity......Page 148
3.4 LISICON and Related Phases......Page 161
3.5 Lithium Conduction in NASICON-Related Phases......Page 171
3.6 Doped Analogues of LiZr2(PO4)3......Page 180
3.7 Lithium Conduction in the Perovskite Structure......Page 191
3.7.1 The Structures of Li3xLa2/3-xTiO3......Page 197
3.7.2 Doping Studies of Lithium Perovskites......Page 201
3.8 Lithium-Containing Garnets......Page 203
References......Page 213
4.1 Introduction......Page 219
4.2.1 Principle of a TEG......Page 220
4.2.2 The Figure of Merit......Page 223
4.2.3 Beyond the Classical Approach......Page 226
4.3 Thermoelectric Oxides......Page 229
4.3.1 Semiconducting Oxides and the Heikes Formula......Page 231
4.3.2 NaxCoO2 and the Misfit Cobaltate Family......Page 237
4.3.3 Degenerate Semiconductors......Page 256
4.3.4 All-Oxide Modules......Page 265
4.4 Conclusion......Page 267
References......Page 268
5.1 Introduction......Page 273
5.2.1 Phenomenon of Magnetoresistance: Metallic Multilayers and Anisotropic Magnetoresistance (AMR)......Page 274
5.2.2 Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Effect......Page 275
5.2.3 Colossal Magnetoresistance (CMR) in Perovskite Oxomanganates......Page 277
5.2.5 Powder, Intrinsic and Extrinsic MR......Page 279
5.3.1 Half-Metallicity in Heusler Alloys......Page 280
5.3.2 Half-Metallic Ferro/Ferrimagnets, Antiferromagnets......Page 281
5.4.1 CrO2......Page 282
5.4.2 Fe3O4 and Other Spinel Oxides......Page 284
5.4.3 Perovskite Oxomanganates......Page 286
5.4.4 Double Perovskites......Page 288
5.5.1 Double Perovskite Structure......Page 289
5.5.2 Ordering and Anti-Site (AS) Disorder in Double Perovskites......Page 292
5.5.3 Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Double Perovskites......Page 297
5.5.4 Magnetoresistance and Half-Metallicity in Double Perovskites......Page 300
5.5.5 High Curie Temperature (TC) Double Perovskites and Room Temperature MR......Page 301
5.6 Spintronics – The Emerging Magneto-Electronics......Page 302
5.7 Summary......Page 304
References......Page 305
Index......Page 311