Full-Duplex Communications for Future Wireless Networks

Preface
Contents
Part I Self-Interference Cancellation
	1 Antennas and Radio Frequency Self-Interference Cancellation
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 Radio Frequency-Domain Isolation Requirements
		1.3 Antenna Based Isolation
			1.3.1 Separate Transmit and Receive Antennas
			1.3.2 Circulators
			1.3.3 Propagation Domain Cancellation
			1.3.4 Adaptive Propagation Domain Cancellation
		1.4 Passive Feedforward Cancellation
			1.4.1 Single Loop Cancellation
			1.4.2 Multi-Loop Cancellation
		1.5 Electrical Balance Duplexers
			1.5.1 EBD Operation
				1.5.1.1 Tx-Rx Isolation
			1.5.2 Tx and Rx Insertion Loss
			1.5.3 Balancing Limitations
		1.6 Active Cancellation
			1.6.1 Hardware Cost
			1.6.2 Wideband Cancellation
			1.6.3 Equaliser Function Calculation
		1.7 Combining Antenna and RF Cancellation Techniques
		1.8 Conclusions
		References
	2 Antenna/RF Design and Analog Self-Interference Cancellation
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Requirements for a Full-Duplex System
		2.3 Passive Analog Cancellation
		2.4 Active Analog Cancellation
			2.4.1 Adaptive RF Circuits
			2.4.2 Micro Photonic Canceller
			2.4.3 Auxiliary Transmit Chain
		2.5 Numerical Analysis and Discussions
		2.6 Conclusion
		References
	3 Digital Self-Interference Cancellation for Low-Cost Full-Duplex Radio Devices
		3.1 Introduction
			3.1.1 Basic Full-Duplex Device Architecture
			3.1.2 Related Work
		3.2 Challenges in Digital Cancellation
			3.2.1 I/Q Imbalance
			3.2.2 Nonlinear Distortion
			3.2.3 Analog-to-Digital Converter Quantization Noise
			3.2.4 Transmitter Thermal Noise
			3.2.5 Oscillator Phase Noise
		3.3 Advanced Self-Interference Signal Models
			3.3.1 Linear Signal Model
			3.3.2 Nonlinear Signal Model
		3.4 Parameter Estimation and Digital Self-Interference Cancellation
			3.4.1 Block Least Squares-Based Estimation and Cancellation
			3.4.2 Least Mean Squares-Based Adaptive Estimation and Cancellation
			3.4.3 Computational Complexity of Digital Cancellation
				3.4.3.1 Least Squares
				3.4.3.2 Least Mean Squares
		3.5 Measurement-Based Self-Interference Cancellation Performance Evaluation
			3.5.1 Measured Self-Interference Cancellation Performance of a Generic Inband Full-Duplex Device
			3.5.2 Measured Self-Interference Cancellation Performance of an Inband Full-Duplex Relay
		3.6 Conclusions
		References
	4 Filter Design for Self-Interference Cancellation
		4.1 Motivation
		4.2 System Model
			4.2.1 Dynamic Range
				4.2.1.1 Quantization Noise
			4.2.2 Transmit Signal Noise
				4.2.2.1 Error Vector Magnitude
			4.2.3 Channel Estimation Error
			4.2.4 Self-Interference Channel
			4.2.5 Self-Interference Signal
			4.2.6 Time-Domain Signal Model
		4.3 Mitigation of Self-Interference
			4.3.1 Frequency-Domain Cancellation
				4.3.1.1 Non-Orthogonal Multicarrier Modulation
			4.3.2 Spatial Suppression
			4.3.3 Spatial Suppression and Frequency-Domain Cancellation
		4.4 Algorithms for Self-Interference Cancellation
			4.4.1 Adaptive Algorithms
			4.4.2 Stochastic Gradient Descent Algorithm
			4.4.3 RLS Stochastic Gradient Descent Algorithm
			4.4.4 Adaptive Cancellation and Spatial Suppression
				4.4.4.1 Non-Iterative Design of Spatial Filters
		4.5 Summary
		References
Part II Future Trends and Applications
	5 Interference Management in Full-Duplex Cellular Networks
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Interference Management
		5.3 BS-to-BS Interference Mitigation
			5.3.1 Elevation Beam Nulling
			5.3.2 Power Control Based
		5.4 UE-to-UE Interference Mitigation
			5.4.1 Scheduling-Based
				5.4.1.1 Related Work
				5.4.1.2 Space-Time Power Scheduling
			5.4.2 Medium Access Control (MAC) Techniques
			5.4.3 Interference Alignment
			5.4.4 Beamforming
			5.4.5 Partitioning
		5.5 Interference Mitigation in the 3GPP
			5.5.1 Frame Structure
			5.5.2 Flexible Duplexing
				5.5.2.1 Interference Sensing
				5.5.2.2 Link Adaptation
		5.6 Key Technologies for Interference Mitigation
			5.6.1 Massive MIMO
			5.6.2 Millimeter Wave
		5.7 Conclusion
		References
	6 Robust Interference Management and Network Design for Heterogeneous Full-Duplex Communication Networks
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Full-Duplex Network Design: Challenges and Performance Trends
			6.2.1 Challenges in Full-Duplex Network Design
			6.2.2 Performance Evaluation of Full-Duplex Communication Under Realistic Network Assumptions
				6.2.2.1 Analysis of the Traffic Constraint Limitation in Isolated Cell
				6.2.2.2 FD Performance Under the Impact of Increased Interference and Traffic Constraints
		6.3 Interference Management and Network Design for FD Communication
			6.3.1 Interference Management Techniques in Full-Duplex Communication
			6.3.2 Inducing Traffic Symmetry Through Network Design
		6.4 Virtual Full-Duplex
		6.5 Other Applications of Full-Duplex
			6.5.1 Physical Layer Security
			6.5.2 Cooperative Communication
			6.5.3 Wireless Backhaul
			6.5.4 Cognitive Radio
		6.6 Conclusions and Outlook
		References
	7 Full-Duplex Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Systems
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Recent Results
			7.2.1 Full-Duplex NOMA Topologies
			7.2.2 Resource Allocation and Optimization in Full-Duplex NOMA
			7.2.3 Applications of Full-Duplex NOMA
		7.3 Full-Duplex Cooperative NOMA Systems
			7.3.1 System Model
			7.3.2 Beamforming Design
				7.3.2.1 Optimum Beamforming Design
				7.3.2.2 Sub-optimum Beamforming Design
			7.3.3 Performance Analysis
				7.3.3.1 Outage Probability of the Near Users
				7.3.3.2 Outage Probability of the Far Users
		7.4 Full-Duplex Cooperative NOMA Systems with Antenna Selection
			7.4.1 System Model
			7.4.2 Antenna Selection Schemes
			7.4.3 Performance Analysis
				7.4.3.1 Ergodic Sum Rate
				7.4.3.2 Outage Probability
		7.5 Cognitive NOMA Systems with Full-Duplex Relaying
			7.5.1 System Model
			7.5.2 Beamforming Design and Power Allocation
				7.5.2.1 Joint Beamforming Design and Power Allocation
				7.5.2.2 Power Allocation for Fixed Beamforming Design
				7.5.2.3 ZF-Based Fixed Beamforming Schemes
			7.5.3 Performance Analysis
				7.5.3.1 Outage Probability at the Near User
				7.5.3.2 Outage Probability at the Far User
		7.6 Future Research Directions
		7.7 Conclusions
		References
	8 Full Duplex and Wireless-Powered Communications
		8.1 Introduction
			8.1.1 Wireless-Powered Networks: An Overview
			8.1.2 State of the Art on FD Wireless-Powered Networks
				8.1.2.1 FD Bidirectional Communications
				8.1.2.2 FD Relay Communications
				8.1.2.3 FD Hybrid AP
				8.1.2.4 Others
		8.2 SEg Recycling for EE
			8.2.1 Problem Formulation
			8.2.2 Outage Analysis
			8.2.3 Numerical Solution
		8.3 FD for Sporadic IoT Transmissions
			8.3.1 Slotted Operation
			8.3.2 FD Performance
			8.3.3 HD Performance
			8.3.4 Performance Analysis
		8.4 Conclusions and Outlook
		References
	9 Full-Duplex Transceivers for Defense and Security Applications
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Applications for Full-Duplex Radios in Military Communications
			9.2.1 Requirements for Military Radios
			9.2.2 Tactical Communications with Electronic Warfare
				9.2.2.1 Simultaneous Communication and Jamming
				9.2.2.2 Simultaneous Interception and Communication
				9.2.2.3 Simultaneous Interception and Jamming
			9.2.3 Tactical Communication Networks
				9.2.3.1 Hidden Node
				9.2.3.2 Adaptive Power Control
				9.2.3.3 Secure Key Exchange
				9.2.3.4 Directional Medium Access Control
			9.2.4 Continuous-Wave Radars
				9.2.4.1 Self-Interference Cancellation
				9.2.4.2 Electronic Countermeasures
			9.2.5 Multifunction Radios
		9.3 Applications for Full-Duplex Radios in Civilian Security
			9.3.1 Radio Shield
				9.3.1.1 Drones
				9.3.1.2 Wireless Energy Transfer
				9.3.1.3 Medical Devices
				9.3.1.4 Automotive Radars and Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications
			9.3.2 Physical Layer Security
		9.4 Conclusion
		References
	10 Multi-Objective Optimization for Secure Full-Duplex Wireless Communication Systems
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 System Model
			10.2.1 Multiuser System Model
			10.2.2 Channel Model
		10.3 Resource Allocation Problem Formulation
			10.3.1 Achievable Rate and Secrecy Rate
			10.3.2 Optimization Problem Formulation
		10.4 Solution of the Optimization Problem
		10.5 Simulation Results
			10.5.1 Transmit Power Trade-off Region
			10.5.2 Average User Secrecy Rate Versus Minimum Required SINR
		10.6 Conclusions
		Appendix 1: Proof of Proposition 1
		Appendix 2: Proof of Theorem 1
		References
	11 Integrated Full-Duplex Radios: System Concepts, Implementations, and Experimentation
		11.1 Introduction
			11.1.1 Challenges Associated with Compact and Low-Cost Silicon-Based Implementation
				11.1.1.1 Achieving >100dB SI Suppression
				11.1.1.2 Transceiver Non-idealities
				11.1.1.3 SI Channel Frequency Selectivity and Wideband RF/Analog SI Cancellation
				11.1.1.4 Compact FD Antenna Interfaces
				11.1.1.5 Adaptive Cancellation
				11.1.1.6 Resource Allocation and Rate Gains for Networks with Integrated FD Radios, and Rethinking MAC Protocols
			11.1.2 Overview of the Columbia FlexICoN Project
		11.2 Integrated Full-Duplex Radios
			11.2.1 Integrated RF Self-Interference Cancellation
			11.2.2 Full-Duplex Receiver with Integrated Circulator and Analog Self-Interference Cancellation
		11.3 Full-Duplex Testbed and Performance Evaluation
			11.3.1 Gen-1 Full-Duplex Radio with a Frequency-Flat Amplitude- and Phase-Based RF Canceller
			11.3.2 Gen-2 Full-Duplex Radio with a Frequency-Domain Equalization-Based RF Canceller
		11.4 Conclusion
		References