Fruits and Nuts

Contents......Page 10
Contributors......Page 17
Abbreviations......Page 21
1.1.1 Origin of the Domesticated Apple......Page 25
1.1.3 Breeding Strategy......Page 26
1.1.4 Breeding Objectives......Page 27
1.1.5 Molecular Markers and Genetic Maps......Page 28
1.2.2 First-Generation Maps......Page 30
1.2.3 Genome Organization and Homeology......Page 32
1.2.4 Comparative Mapping Across Genera......Page 34
1.3.1 Methods Used to Map Major Genes in Apple......Page 35
1.3.2 Target Traits......Page 36
1.4.1 QTL Identification and Mapping in Apple......Page 55
1.4.2 Mapping QTLs for Disease Resistance......Page 56
1.4.3 Mapping QTLs for Tree Growth and Development......Page 62
1.4.4 Mapping QTLs for Fruit Quality......Page 65
1.4.5 Conclusions......Page 68
1.5.2 Marker-Assisted Selection......Page 69
1.5.3 Marker-Aided Introgression......Page 70
1.6 Map-Based Cloning......Page 71
1.6.1 Vf......Page 72
1.7.1 Tools Developed: Transformation, ESTs, Microarrays and Functional Genomics......Page 73
1.8.1 Association Mapping and Other Ways to Link Genotype to Phenotype......Page 74
1.8.2 Structural Genomics and Whole Genome Sequencing......Page 75
References......Page 77
2.1.1 Origin and Early History of Domestication......Page 87
2.1.2 Genetic Diversity......Page 89
2.1.3 Advanced Breeding Objectives......Page 90
2.1.4 Classical Breeding Efforts: Obstacles and Achievements......Page 91
2.1.5 New Genetic Tools for Grape Improvement......Page 93
2.2 Genome Mapping......Page 98
2.2.1 History and Current Status of Grape Genetic Linkage Mapping......Page 99
2.2.2 Mapping and Tagging of Major Genes......Page 100
2.2.3 Detection of QTLs......Page 110
2.3 Whole Genome Projects......Page 111
2.3.2 France......Page 112
2.3.6 USA......Page 113
2.4 Marker-Aided Selection and Breeding......Page 114
2.5 Cultivar Identity......Page 115
2.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects......Page 116
2.7 Grape Research Resources on the Web......Page 117
References......Page 118
3.1.1 Brief History of the Crop......Page 126
3.1.3 Genome Contents......Page 127
3.1.5 Breeding Objectives......Page 128
3.2 Construction of Genetic Maps......Page 129
3.3 Gene Mapping and QTLs Detected......Page 130
3.4.1 Self-Incompatibility......Page 134
3.4.2 S-Allele Typing......Page 135
3.4.3 Self-Compatibility......Page 136
3.5.1 Genome Mapping and QTL Detection......Page 137
References......Page 138
4.1.2 Economic Importance......Page 142
4.2.2 Genetically Engineered Plums......Page 143
4.3.1 Genetics of RKN Resistance in Prunus Sources......Page 144
4.3.2 Mapping of the RKN Ma Gene in Plum – Comparison with Peach RKN Genes......Page 146
4.4.1 SCAR Analysis......Page 147
4.4.3 Inheritance and Map Construction......Page 150
4.5 Strategy for Map-Based Cloning of the Ma Gene......Page 151
4.5.1 Detection of AFLP Markers by BSA, Development of PCR Markers and High-Resolution Mapping of the Ma Gene......Page 152
4.5.3 Construction of Physical Contigs Spanning the Ma Region and Chromosome Landing......Page 153
4.6.2 Genome Mapping......Page 154
References......Page 155
5.1.4 Breeding......Page 159
5.1.5 Breeding Goals......Page 160
5.2 Construction of Genetic Maps......Page 162
5.2.2 Molecular Genetic Mapping in Peach......Page 163
5.2.3 Comparative Mapping of Peach and Other Prunus Species......Page 165
5.3.1 Construction of the Peach Physical Map and its Use in Gene Discovery......Page 167
5.3.2 Functional Genomics......Page 168
5.3.3 Comparative Physical Mapping of Peach and Other Model Genome Species......Page 169
5.4 Peach Tissue Culture and Transformation......Page 170
5.5 Future Directions......Page 171
References......Page 172
6.1.2 Evolution of Pyrus......Page 179
6.1.3 Morphology and Growth Habitat......Page 180
6.1.6 Breeding Objective......Page 181
6.2.1 Development of Molecular Markers......Page 184
6.2.2 Constructing Linkage Maps......Page 185
6.4 Marker-Assisted Breeding......Page 188
6.5 Future Scope of Works......Page 189
References......Page 190
7.1.1 History of the Crop......Page 193
7.1.2 Botanical Description......Page 194
7.1.3 Economic Importance......Page 195
7.1.4 Breeding Objectives......Page 197
7.1.5 Classical Breeding Achievements......Page 198
7.2 Construction of Genetic Maps......Page 199
7.3.1 Germplasm Screening......Page 204
7.3.2 Marker-Assisted Selection and Gene Identification......Page 205
References......Page 206
8.1.2 Systematics and Phylogenetics......Page 210
8.1.4 The Strawberry Plant......Page 211
8.1.5 Breeding......Page 212
8.2.1 Genome Composition......Page 213
8.2.3 Gene Nomenclature......Page 214
8.2.5 Isozymes and Molecular Markers......Page 215
8.3 Linkage Mapping......Page 216
8.5 QTL Detection......Page 220
8.8 Conclusion and Future Prospects......Page 222
References......Page 223
9.1 Introduction......Page 227
9.2 Construction of Genetic Linkage Maps......Page 230
9.4 Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci......Page 231
9.6 Map-Based Cloning......Page 232
9.7 Advanced Works......Page 233
References......Page 234
10.1.1 Cytology......Page 237
10.1.3 Breeding Objectives......Page 238
10.1.4 Blueberry Breeding......Page 239
10.2.2 Molecular Markers......Page 240
10.3 Genetic Linkage Mapping......Page 241
10.4 In Vitro Culture and Genetic Engineering......Page 242
References......Page 244
11.1 Introduction......Page 248
11.2 Variability Analysis with Molecular Markers......Page 250
11.3 Construction of Genetic Linkage Maps......Page 251
11.4 Major Gene and QTL Mapping, and Gene Cloning......Page 252
11.5 Marker-Assisted Breeding......Page 255
11.6 Advanced Works and Future Scope......Page 256
References......Page 257
12.1.1 History of the Crop......Page 262
12.1.3 Economic Importance......Page 263
12.1.4 Breeding Objectives......Page 264
12.2.1 Germplasm Screening......Page 265
12.3 Future Scope of Works......Page 267
References......Page 268
13.1.2 Botanical Description......Page 271
13.1.3 Economic Importance......Page 273
13.1.5 Breeding Achievements......Page 274
13.3 Gene Mapping......Page 275
13.5 Future Scope of Works......Page 278
References......Page 279
14.1.1 Background......Page 283
14.1.2 Early Knowledge of Citrus Genome and Genetics......Page 285
14.2 Mapping of the Citrus Genome......Page 286
14.3 Molecular Tagging and Cloning of Specific Genes and QTLs......Page 289
14.4 Citrus Genome Plan and Future Trends......Page 292
References......Page 293
15.1.1 Botanical Origin and Distribution of Banana......Page 298
15.1.2 Taxonomy of Musa......Page 299
15.1.3 Botanical Description and Morphology of Banana......Page 300
15.1.4 Importance of Bananas and Major Areas of Production......Page 301
15.1.5 Genome Groups and Genome Size of Musa......Page 302
15.1.7 Limitations of Classical Breeding of Bananas......Page 303
15.1.8 Overcoming Musa Breeding Difficulties......Page 304
15.1.9 Banana Breeding Achievements......Page 305
15.2 Gene Mapping in Musa......Page 306
15.3 Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) in Musa......Page 307
15.4 Marker-Assisted Breeding in Musa......Page 308
15.5 Marker-Assisted Introgression......Page 310
15.6 Map-Based Cloning......Page 311
15.7 Genes and Gene Expression in Musa......Page 312
15.8 Future Scope of Works......Page 313
References......Page 314
16.1.1 Origin and Distribution......Page 319
16.1.2 Taxonomy......Page 320
16.1.3 Crop Improvement......Page 321
16.2 Application of Molecular Markers for Genetic Analysis in Mangoes......Page 327
16.2.1 Isozymes......Page 328
16.2.2 DNA Markers......Page 329
16.3 Linkage Mapping......Page 331
16.4 Gene Isolation and Analysis......Page 333
16.6 Future Scope......Page 335
References......Page 336
17.1.3 Classical Breeding......Page 340
17.2.1 SSR Markers......Page 341
References......Page 343
18.1.2 Taxonomy......Page 345
18.1.4 Chromosome Number and Genome Size......Page 346
18.2 Molecular Systematics......Page 347
18.3.1 F[sub(1)]-Based Genetic Maps......Page 348
18.4 Germplasm Resources and GeneBank Data......Page 349
References......Page 354
19.1 Introduction......Page 357
19.2 Molecular Characterization......Page 358
19.3 Marker-Assisted Selection......Page 359
19.4 Construction of Genetic Maps......Page 360
19.5 Recombinant DNA Technology......Page 361
References......Page 364
20.1 Introduction......Page 366
20.2 Nature of Natural Astringency-Loss in Persimmon Fruit and Its Inheritance......Page 367
20.3 Identification of Molecular Markers Liked to the PCNA/non-PCNA Trait and Polysomic Segregation of the Markers......Page 368
References......Page 370
B......Page 372
C......Page 373
E......Page 374
G......Page 375
H......Page 376
M......Page 377
P......Page 378
R......Page 380
S......Page 381
V......Page 382
Z......Page 383