Frontline and Factory: Comparative Perspectives on the Chemical Industry at War, 1914-1924

Frontline and Factory (2006)
......Page 1
Archimedes - Volume 16......Page 3
ISBN-13: 9781402054891......Page 6
--> Contents
......Page 8
Preface
......Page 10
Illustrations
......Page 12
Introduction......Page 14
Notes
......Page 19
INTRODUCTION......Page 21
GERMANY AND AUSTRIA ON THE EVE OF WAR......Page 22
THE PRE-WAR GERMAN DYE INDUSTRY AND EXPLOSIVES PRODUCTION......Page 23
THE MUNITIONS CRISIS AND ‘MAKESHIFT MOBILIZATION’, 1914 – 1915......Page 25
DUAL-USE TECHNOLOGIES AND MOBILIZATION......Page 26
THE AUSTRIAN CASE: COMPARATIVE ASPECTS......Page 28
EXPANDING EXPLOSIVES PRODUCTION, 1914 – 15: PLANTS AND MATERIALS......Page 30
COMPLETING THE FIRST MOBILIZATION, 1916......Page 32
THE HINDENBURG PROGRAMME AS A ‘SECOND MOBILIZATION’......Page 34
CONCLUSION......Page 35
NOTES......Page 36
CHEMISTRY IN WARTIME......Page 41
THE CHEMICALS AND PHARMACEUTICALS OFFICE......Page 43
CHEMICAL FIRMS DURING THE WAR......Page 45
NOTES......Page 49
PROPELLANTS......Page 51
HIGH EXPLOSIVES......Page 54
THE FILLING FACTORIES......Page 56
CONTINENTAL AND EMPIRE CONNECTIONS......Page 57
ALTERNATIVE PERSPECTIVES......Page 59
LEGACY......Page 64
NOTES......Page 65
GERMANY’S MUNITIONS INDUSTRY ON THE EVE OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR......Page 67
THE NEED FOR NEW POWDER PLANTS......Page 68
FINDING A SUITABLE LOCATION......Page 70
PLANNING AND BUILDING OF THE KIRCHMÖSER POWDER PLANT......Page 72
THE POSTWAR STORY: KIRCHMÖSER AS A CENTRE OF GERMAN RAIL WORKS......Page 76
CONCLUSION......Page 77
NOTES......Page 78
INTRODUCTION......Page 81
MUNITIONS AND THE MOBILIZATION OF ITALIAN INDUSTRY, 1915 – 1918......Page 82
HOW WERE THESE RESULTS OBTAINED?......Page 83
WARTIME CHEMISTS......Page 85
WARTIME ACADEMIA......Page 87
CONCLUSION......Page 90
NOTES......Page 91
INTRODUCTION......Page 95
PRE-WAR PLANNING FOR MUNITIONS AND MILITARY SUPPLIES......Page 96
MUNITIONS AND CHEMICALS DURING THE EARLY MONTHS OF THE WAR......Page 98
POISON GASES AND GAS MASKS......Page 105
THE CHEMICAL COMMITTEE......Page 110
PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE......Page 114
CONCLUSION......Page 115
NOTES......Page 116
INTRODUCTION......Page 123
THE EXPLOSIVES INDUSTRY MOBILIZES......Page 124
THE STATE MOBILIZES EXPLOSIVES......Page 126
EXPLOSIVES, TECHNICAL EXPERTISE, AND THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT......Page 128
MOBILIZING FOR WAR GAS PRODUCTION: AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL......Page 131
CONCLUSION......Page 137
NOTES......Page 138
INTRODUCTION......Page 143
DIVERSIFICATION INTO PETROCHEMICALS......Page 145
THE PROBLEM OF BORNEO OIL......Page 146
THE REISHOLZ NITRATION PLANT......Page 148
ROYAL DUTCH/SHELL IN FRANCE AND BRITAIN......Page 151
ROYAL DUTCH/SHELL AND EXPLOSIVES IN THE NETHERLANDS......Page 152
ANGLO-DUTCH DYESTUFFS......Page 154
CONCLUSION......Page 158
ACKNOWLEDGMENT......Page 159
NOTES......Page 160
INTRODUCTION......Page 165
FRÉDERIC KUHLMANN’S INHERITANCE......Page 166
WARTIME PRODUCTION OF ACID AND CHLORINE......Page 168
OLEUM......Page 169
KUHLMANN AND THE MANUFACTURE OF POISON GASES......Page 170
ÉTABLISSEMENTS KUHLMANN AND THE COMPAGNIE NATIONALE DES MATIÈRES COLORANTES......Page 171
THE SYNDICAT NATIONAL DES MATIÈRES COLORANTES (SNMC)......Page 173
CONCLUSION......Page 179
NOTES......Page 182
INTRODUCTION......Page 187
THE AMERICAN MUNITIONS MACHINE......Page 188
CONCLUSION......Page 196
NOTES......Page 197
INTRODUCTION......Page 199
ORIGIN OF THE KAISER WILHELM STIFTUNG FÜR KRIEGSTECHNISCHE WISSENSCHAFT (KAISER WILHELM FOUNDATION FOR MILITARY-TECHNICAL SCIENCE)......Page 201
THE WAR WORK OF THE KWKW......Page 209
POSTWAR DEVELOPMENTS AND THE DISSOLUTION OF THE KWKW......Page 210
NOTES......Page 213
FRENCH MILITARY LABORATORIES BEFORE THE WAR......Page 223
FROM RIVALRY TO COOPERATION: THE ‘POUDRE B ’ DISPUTE......Page 225
POWDER AND EXPLOSIVES RESEARCH: COOPERATION BETWEEN THE SERVICES......Page 226
MOBILIZATION AND MANPOWER SHORTAGES......Page 228
CHEMICAL WARFARE: THE USE OF ACADEMIC EXPERTISE......Page 229
DIVISION OF LABOUR: STUDIES OF GERMAN ARTILLERY MATERIALS......Page 230
THE LABORATOIRE DE LA SECTION TECHNIQUE DE L’ARTILLERIE......Page 232
NOTES......Page 236
INTRODUCTION......Page 241
THE GERMAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY IN 1918......Page 242
THE ARMISTICE AND ALLIED OCCUPATION......Page 243
THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES AND THE DISARMAMENT DILEMMA......Page 247
THE MILITARY INTER-ALLIED CONTROL COMMISSION AND THE GERMAN RESPONSE......Page 249
CONCLUSION......Page 258
NOTES......Page 260
MUNITIONS SUPPLY IN THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR, 1 7 5 6 – 1 7 6 3......Page 267
THE PROBLEMATIC ROLE OF CHEMISTRY IN 19TH-CENTURY MUNITIONS......Page 269
TRANSITION: NOBEL AND THE NOBEL CARTEL......Page 270
THE FIRST WORLD WAR: PLUS ÇA CHANGE…......Page 271
NOTES......Page 274
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 277
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS......Page 289
INDEX......Page 291