Frontiers of textile materials: polymers, nanomaterials, enzymes, and advanced modification techniques

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright Page......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 17
 1.1 Introduction......Page 19
 1.2 Polymers......Page 20
 1.3 Nanomaterials......Page 21
 1.4 Enzymes......Page 22
 1.5 Plasma and Radiations for Textiles......Page 24
 1.6 Flexible Electronics......Page 25
 References......Page 26
 2.1 Polymers......Page 31
 2.2 History of Polymer......Page 33
 2.3 Classification of Polymers......Page 34
  2.4.1 Chain Polymerization......Page 37
  2.4.2 Step Polymerization......Page 39
 2.5 Polymers in Textile Fibers......Page 41
   2.5.1.1 Cellulose......Page 42
   2.5.1.2 Cotton......Page 43
   2.5.1.4 Keratin......Page 44
   2.5.1.5 Wool......Page 45
   2.5.1.7 Silk......Page 46
   2.5.2.1 Polyethylene......Page 47
   2.5.2.2 Polypropylene......Page 51
   2.5.2.3 Polytetrafluoroethylene......Page 54
   2.5.2.4 Poly Vinyl Chloride......Page 56
   2.5.2.5 Poly Vinylidene Chloride......Page 58
   2.5.2.6 Polyamide......Page 59
   2.5.2.7 Polyethylene Terephthalate......Page 65
   2.5.2.8 Polyacrylonitrile......Page 68
   2.5.2.10 Spandex Fiber......Page 70
  2.6.1 Polyvinyl Alcohol......Page 72
  2.6.3 Sodium Alginate......Page 74
 References......Page 75
Chapter 3 Advances in Polymer Coating for Functional Finishing of Textiles......Page 79
 3.1 Introduction......Page 80
  3.2.1 Dip Coating......Page 81
  3.2.4 Gravure Roll Coating......Page 82
  3.2.6 Powder Coating......Page 83
  3.2.7 Knife Coating......Page 84
   3.2.7.3 Drying......Page 85
   3.2.7.4 Type of Knife......Page 86
   3.2.7.5 Knife Use Technologies......Page 87
   3.2.7.6 Type of Knife Coating......Page 88
  3.3.1 Plasma Treatment Technology......Page 89
  3.3.2 Electrofluidodynamic Treatment Technology......Page 90
 3.4 Coating Materials......Page 91
  3.4.2 Polyacrylics (PA)......Page 92
  3.4.3 Polyurethane (PU)......Page 93
  3.5.2 Flame Retardant......Page 95
  3.5.3 Water Repellence......Page 97
  3.5.4 Antibacterial Function......Page 99
 References......Page 100
 4.1 Introduction......Page 105
 4.2 Properties of Cyclodextrins......Page 107
 4.4 Methods for Attachment of β-CD on Textiles......Page 109
  4.5.1 Antimicrobial Activity and Drug Delivery......Page 118
  4.5.2 Fragrance Release and Anti-Odor Finishing......Page 119
  4.5.5 Flame Retardant Finishing......Page 123
 References......Page 127
Chapter 5 Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Their Applications in Textile Industry......Page 135
 5.1 Introduction......Page 136
  5.2.1 Preparation of Chitosan Nano-Fibers......Page 137
  5.2.2 Preparation of Polyethylene Glycol Capped Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)......Page 138
 5.3 Synthesis of Nano-Fiber Based Hydrogels (NFHGs)......Page 140
  5.3.2 Weaving......Page 141
 5.4 Application of Nano Textiles......Page 142
 5.5 Conclusion......Page 148
 References......Page 149
Chapter 6 Modification of Textiles via Nanomaterials and Their Applications......Page 153
 6.1 Introduction......Page 154
 6.2 Nanotextiles and Its Properties......Page 155
 6.3 Modification of Textiles via Nanoparticles......Page 156
  6.3.1 Modification via Silver Nanoparticle......Page 157
  6.3.2 Modification via Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle......Page 161
  6.3.4 Modification via Magnesium Oxide (MgO) Nanoparticles......Page 162
 6.4 Applications......Page 164
 6.5 Conclusion......Page 165
 References......Page 166
Chapter 7 UV Protection via Nanomaterials......Page 171
   7.1.1.1 UV Protection......Page 172
   7.1.1.4 Self-Cleaning or “Lotus Effect”......Page 173
  7.2.1 Chemical Properties......Page 174
 7.3 UV Protective Applications......Page 175
  7.3.2 Polymer Dispersion Methods of Nanocoating......Page 176
  7.4.1 Nanomaterials Used in UV Protective Finishing......Page 177
 7.5 Nano-ZnO-TiO2 Finishing......Page 179
  7.5.2 UV Protection Through Nano-Finishing of Textiles......Page 180
 7.6 Evaluation of UV Protection Finishes......Page 181
 7.7 Conclusions......Page 182
 References......Page 183
 8.1 Introduction of Textile Nanomaterials......Page 185
 8.2 Synthesis of Textiles Nanomaterials......Page 186
  8.2.3 Synthesis via Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Method......Page 187
  8.2.8 Synthesis via Fabrication Process......Page 188
 8.3 Characterization......Page 189
   8.3.1.2 Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)......Page 190
   8.3.1.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)......Page 191
   8.3.1.4 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM)......Page 192
   8.3.2.3 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR)......Page 193
   8.3.3.3 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)......Page 194
   8.3.3.4 Particle Size Analyzer......Page 195
   8.3.4.2 Determination of Recovery Angle and Tensile Properties......Page 196
   8.4.1.1 Anti-Bacterial Properties of Textile Nanomaterial......Page 197
   8.4.1.5 Flame Retardant Properties of Textile Nanomaterial......Page 198
   8.4.1.8 Economical and Environmental Aspects of Textile Nanomaterial......Page 199
   8.4.2.4 Textile Nanomaterial Used in Lifestyle......Page 200
 8.6 Conclusion......Page 201
 References......Page 202
Chapter 9 Biomaterials-Based Nanogenerator: Futuristic Solution for Integration Into Smart Textiles......Page 207
 9.1 Introduction......Page 208
  9.2.1 Cellulose-Based......Page 209
  9.2.2 Collagen-Based......Page 212
  9.2.3 Protein-Based......Page 215
 9.3 Conclusion......Page 216
 References......Page 217
 10.1 Introduction......Page 221
 10.2 Basic Principle and Types of Solar Cells......Page 223
  10.3.1 Textiles in Perovskite Solar Cells......Page 224
  10.3.2 Textiles in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells......Page 228
 10.4 Conclusion......Page 230
 References......Page 231
Chapter 11 Multifunctionalizations of Textile Materials Highlighted by Unconventional Dyeings......Page 237
 11.2 Functionalization of Textile Materials: Functionalization Techniques......Page 238
 11.3 PAN: Functionalization/Multifunctionalization by Chemical Treatments......Page 241
  11.3.1 Dyeing of Functionalized Acrylic Fibers with Different Reagents......Page 247
  11.3.2 Functionalization of PAN-M with Basic Reagents......Page 248
  11.3.3 Dyeing of PAN-M Functionalized with Basic Reagents......Page 256
  11.4.1 Multifunctionalization of PAN Fiber with Chitosan......Page 262
   11.4.1.1 Multifunctionalization of PAN-M Fiber with Chitosan by Means of Electrostatical Bonding......Page 263
   11.4.1.2 Multifunctionalization PAN-M Fiber with Chitosan via Covalent Bonds......Page 265
   11.4.1.3 Multifunction of PAN Fiber with MCT-ß-CD......Page 266
 11.5 Polyethylene Terephthalate: Functionalization Ways......Page 267
  11.5.1 Functionalization of PET with Basic Reagents......Page 268
   11.5.1.1 Dyeing of PET Functionalized with Agents Having Basic Character......Page 271
  11.5.2 PET Functionalization with Alcohols......Page 273
   11.5.2.1 Multifunctionalized PET Dyeing with Alcohols......Page 275
  11.5.3 PET-Multifunctionalization with MCT-ß-CD......Page 278
  11.5.4 Functionalization of the PET Surface with Plasma Treatment......Page 279
   11.5.4.1 Dyeing of PET Functionalized by Means of Plasma and Grafting with Polyfunctional Compounds......Page 282
 11.6 Cotton: Multifunctionalization Ways......Page 284
  11.6.1 Surface Activation with Plasma Followed by Grafting with Polyfunctional Compounds......Page 285
  11.6.2 Alkyl Chitosan Grafting on Cotton......Page 287
   11.6.2.1 Dyeing of Cotton Grafted with Alkyl Chitosans......Page 291
   11.6.3.1 Functionalization of Cotton with Tetronic 701 and Chitosan......Page 293
   11.6.3.3 Successive Functionalization of Cotton with a Tetrol (Tetronic 701), Chitosan, and MCT-ßCD......Page 295
  11.6.4 Multifunctionalization of Cotton with Carbonyl Compounds and MCT-ß-CD......Page 296
 11.7 Conclusions......Page 297
 References......Page 298
Chapter 12 Advanced Dyeing or Functional Finishing......Page 309
 12.1 Introduction......Page 310
  12.3.1 Ultrasound Technology......Page 311
  12.3.3 Ozone Technology......Page 312
  12.3.5 Gamma Radiation Technology......Page 313
  12.3.9 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (Sc. CO2) Technology......Page 314
 12.4 Applications of Ultrasonics in Textiles......Page 315
  12.4.1 Principle of Ultrasound Dyeing Technique......Page 316
  12.4.3 Different Section of the Machine......Page 317
  12.4.4 K/S Value......Page 318
  12.4.6 Comparison of Ultrasound Dyeing Technique with the Conventional Dyeing Technique for Various Textile Materials......Page 319
  12.4.7 Dyeing of Polyester by Disperse Dye......Page 321
 12.5 Conclusions......Page 322
 References......Page 323
Chapter 13 Plasma and Other Irradiation Technologies Application in Textile......Page 327
 13.1 Introduction......Page 328
 13.2 Plasma Treatment of Textile......Page 330
 13.3 Optical Properties of Plasma......Page 332
 13.4 Improvement in Hydrophobic Attribute......Page 334
  13.4.1 Surface Chemistry of Hydrophobic Textile......Page 335
 13.5 Improvement in Liquid Absorbency and Coloration......Page 338
  13.6.1 On Silk Fiber......Page 340
  13.6.2 On Wool Fabric......Page 342
 13.7 UV Irradiation......Page 343
 13.8 Laser Irradiation......Page 344
 13.10 Summary......Page 345
 References......Page 346
Chapter 14 Bio-Mordants in Conjunction With Sustainable Radiation Tools for Modification of Dyeing of Natural Fibers......Page 353
 14.3 Isolation Process......Page 354
 14.4 Role of US and MW in Isolation......Page 355
 14.6 Shade Development Process......Page 356
  14.6.2 Bio-Mordant......Page 357
 14.10 Harmal......Page 358
 14.11 Recent Advances......Page 359
 References......Page 362
Index......Page 367
Also of Interest......Page 373
EULA......Page 375