Frontiers of ICT in Healthcare: Proceedings of EAIT 2022

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Healthcare Informatics
Continuous Speech Recognition in Hindi for Health Care Using Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed System
		3.1 Convolutional Layers
		3.2 Fully Connected Linear Layer
		3.3 Recurrent Layers
		3.4 Softmax Layer
		3.5 Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC)
	4 Experimental Setup
		4.1 Collection of Healthcare Text Corpus
		4.2 Labeling and Transliteration of the Text Corpus
		4.3 Preparation of Speech Data
		4.4 Pre-processing of Speech Data and Feature Extraction
		4.5 Hyper-Parameters and Details
	5 Evaluation Parameters
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Future Work
	References
Improving Mental Health Through Multimodal Emotion Detection from Speech and Text Data Using Long-Short Term Memory
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Methodology
		2.2 Datasets for Text and Voice Messages for Emotion Detection
		2.3 Mathematical Formulation of LSTM
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Results
		3.2 Comparative Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Hybridized Support Vector Machine and Adaboost Technique for Malaria Diagnosis
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 The Approach
		3.2 System Architecture
		3.3 Support Vector Machines (SVM)
		3.4 AdaBoost Ensemble Classifier
		3.5 Adaptive Boost Support Vector Machine (AdaBoost SVM)
		3.6 Instrument for Data Collection and Preparation
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Performance Measurement Terms
		4.2 10-Fold Cross Validations
		4.3 Performance Evaluation
	5 Conclusion
	References
FNH—A Data Repository for Studying Fake News in Healthcare Domain
	1 Introduction
	2 Motivation and Contribution
	3 Background and Related Work
	4 Dataset Curation
	5 Data Analysis
		5.1 Assessing the Distribution of Classes
		5.2 Character Count Distribution for the Textual Data
		5.3 Word Count Distribution for the Textual Data
		5.4 N-gram Distribution for Content Attribute
		5.5 Part of Speech Analysis
		5.6 Topic Distribution for Context
		5.7 Word Cloud Distribution
		5.8 Wildcard Distribution for Content
		5.9 Publishing Date Analysis
		5.10 Bivariate Analysis of Topic and Publishing Date
	6 Potential Applications
		6.1 Fake News Detection
		6.2 Fake News Mitigation
	7 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Modeling and Simulation of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in Multilevel H Bridge Inverters for Healthcare
	1 Introduction
	2 H Bridge Inverters
		2.1 Applications
	3 Reviews of Multilevel Inverters
	4 Proposed Multilevel Inverting Models
	5 Evaluations of Multilevel Inverter
		5.1 Parametric Comparison
	6 Conclusions
	References
Classification of Melanoma Skin Cancer Using Inception-ResNet
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Method
		2.1 Network Architecture
		2.2 Training Proposed Model with ISIC 2018, ISIC 2019, and ISIC 2020 Dataset
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Performance Evaluation Metrics
		3.2 Result Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Melanoma (Skin Cancer) Classifier Using RESNet
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Data Pre-processing
		1.2 EDA-Exploratory Data Analysis
		1.3 Preprocess CSV Files
		1.4 Images
		1.5 Class Imbalance
	2 Method
		2.1 Data Preparation
		2.2 Neural Networks
		2.3 Proposed Training Loop
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Complementarity of Logistic Regression over the Nonparametric Classifications for Improved Decision-Making—A Case of Maternal Health Risk Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Data and Methodology
		3.1 Dataset
		3.2 Data Preprocessing and Descriptive Analysis
		3.3 Algorithms for Nonparametric Classifications
		3.4 Evaluation Metrics
		3.5 Parametric Test
	4 Experimental Study and Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Scope for Future Research
	References
Towards Machine Learning-Based Emotion Recognition from Multimodal Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Preprocessing
		3.2 Feature Extraction
		3.3 Ensemble Technique
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Facial Expression Performance Analysis
		4.2 Speech Signal Performance Analysis
		4.3 Text Data Performance Analysis
		4.4 Performance Analysis of Multimodal System
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Hybrid Approach for Stress Prediction from Heart Rate Variability
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Proposed Framework
		3.2 Data Set Description
		3.3 Feature Selection
		3.4 Classical ML Models
		3.5 ANN Model Building
		3.6 Hybrid Model Building
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Machine Learning in Healthcare
A Method of Genome Sequence Comparison Based on a New Form of Fuzzy Polynucleotide Space
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Representation of Genome Sequences
		2.2 Modified Form of NTV Metric
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Identification of Humans by Using Machine Learning Models on Gait Features
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Overview
		3.2 Extraction Process of Gait Parameters
		3.3 Classification of the Subjects
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Efficient Heart Disease Prediction Using Modified Hybrid Classifier
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Proposed Method
		3.1 Dataset
	4 Proposed Algorithm
	5 System U/I Design
	6 Result and Discussion
	7 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
An Unstructured Mammogram Analysis for Feasible Classification and Detection of Breast Cancer Using a Convolutional Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Proposed Methodology
		3.1 Algorithm
		3.2 Model Architecture
	4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Emotion Recognition from EEG Data Using Hybrid Deep Learning Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 DEAP Dataset
	4 Proposed Methodology
		4.1 Data Preparation
		4.2 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
		4.3 Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
		4.4 Proposed Hybrid CNN-LSTM Model
	5 Results
	6 Conclusion and Scope for Future Work
	References
Colon Cancer Prediction with Transfer Learning and K-Means Clustering
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Dataset Experimented
	4 Performance Measures
	5 Experiment Result and Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Lightweight Authentication Protocol  for E-Healthcare Systems Using Fuzzy Commitment Scheme
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Scheme
		2.1 Registration Procedure
		2.2 Login Procedure
		2.3 Mutual Authentication and Key Agreement Procedure
		2.4 Biometric Update Procedure
		2.5 Password Update Procedure
	3 Security Analysis
		3.1 Informal Security Analysis
		3.2 Formal Security Analysis
		3.3 Performance Comparison with Existing Schemes
	4 Conclusions
	References
Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Prediction of Cerebral Attack (Stroke)
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Work
		3.1 Dataset Acquisition
		3.2 Feature Engineering
		3.3 Model Training
		3.4 Ensemble/Stacking Algorithm
	4 Comparative Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Breast Cancer Detection Using Transfer Learning Techniques in Convolutional Neural Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 System Model Architecture
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Feature Learning Module
		3.3 Data Classification Module
	4 Experimental Results and Evaluation
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
A Machine Learning-Based Prediction Model for Fetal Health Assessment
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Dataset Description and Preprocessing
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Random Forest (RF)
		4.2 K-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN)
		4.3 Logistic Regression (LR)
		4.4 Gradient Boost (GB)
		4.5 Extreme Gradient Boost (XGB)
	5 Result and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Smart System for Assessment of Mental Health Using Explainable AI Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Methodology Adopted
		3.1 Emotion Dataset
		3.2 Preprocessing
		3.3 Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC)
		3.4 Feature Extraction
		3.5 Feature Selection Through Feature Importance
		3.6 ML Models
		3.7 Benchmark Metric Used
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Binary Classification of Thyroid Using Comprehensive Set of Machine Learning Algorithms
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Work
		3.1 Model Training
	4 Comparative Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Interpretability Approaches of Explainable AI in Analyzing Features for Lung Cancer Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Methodology and Data Preparation
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion with Future Work
	References
Healthcare Security and Blockchain
Impregnable Healthcare Ecosystem Using Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence Approaches
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Proposed Work
		3.1 Coupling Method
		3.2 Branched Blockchain Approach
	4 Result
		4.1 Blockchain EHRs Addition
		4.2 Blockchain EHRs Retrieval
		4.3 IoT Endpoint + AI
		4.4 AI Models Metrics
	5 Conclusion
	6 Future Work
	References
RIWT Generative Feedback Residual Network for Secure Clinical Data Communication in Healthcare Unit
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Preliminaries
	4 RIWT
	5 Residual Network
	6 Proposed Scheme
		6.1 Hiding Network
		6.2 Recovery Network
		6.3 Loss Function
	7 Experimental Analysis
		7.1 Visual Analysis
		7.2 Image Quality and Comparison
	8 Conclusion
	References
Blockchain-Based Smart Integrated Healthcare System
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Motivation and Contribution
	3 Proposed System
	4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Designing a Secure Robust Medical Image Authentication Based on Watermarking Using the ED-DWT and Encryption
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Contribution of Work
	2 Literature Review of Secure Watermarking
		2.1 Review of Encryption Methods
	3 ED Coefficients Determination
	4 Proposed Watermark Embedding
		4.1 Watermark Insertion Rule
	5 Secure and Fast Encryption
	6 Experimental Results and Analysis
	7 Comparison of Results
	8 Conclusions and Future Scope
		8.1 Future Scope and Drawbacks
	References
IoT-Based Secure Blockchain Framework for Patient Record Management Using MPRESENT Lightweight Block Cipher
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Internet of Things (IoT)
		1.2 Lightweight Cryptography (LWC)
		1.3 The Blockchain (BC)
	2 Literature Survey and Motivation
	3 MPRESENT and IoT Security
		3.1 MPRESENT Algorithm
		3.2 MPRESENT in IoT Security
		3.3 Mathematics Behind PRESENT Algorithm
	4 The Blockchain Framework
		4.1 Mathematics Behind Ethereum
		4.2 The Framework and Implementation
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Secure Electronic Health Record Storage System Based on Hyperledger Fabric, IPFS, and Secret Sharing Scheme
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Preliminary Knowledge
		3.1 Blockchain
		3.2 Hyperledger Fabric
		3.3 InterPlanetary File System
		3.4 Secret Sharing Scheme
	4 Proposed System
		4.1 System Conceptual Design
		4.2 Workflow
	5 Discussion and Security Analysis
	6 Conclusions and Future Scope
	References
Attribute-Based Personal Health Record Protection Algorithm for Cloud-Based Healthcare Services
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 The Proposed Method
	4 The Proposed PHR Security Algorithm
		4.1 Setup
		4.2 Key Generation
		4.3 Encryption Phase
		4.4 Decryption
	5 Simulation Settings
	6 Performance Evaluation
	7 Conclusion
	References
Pixel Interpolation Followed  by Prediction Error Expansion-Based Reversible Information Hiding Algorithm for Securing Healthcare Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Proposed Method
		3.1 Data Embedding
		3.2 Data Extraction
	4 Experimental Results and Analyses
	5 Conclusion
	References
Healthcare in COVID-19 Scenario
Similarity Study of Spike Protein of Coronavirus by PCA Using Physical Properties of Amino Acids
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Result and Dıscussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Spread of COVID-19 Based on Socio-economic Factors: A Comparison of Prediction Models
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Work
	4 Data Source and Collection
	5 Data Cleaning and Pre-processing
	6 Exploratory Data Analysis
	7 Feature Engineering
	8 Outlier Detection and Removal
	9 Model Execution
		9.1 XGBoost
		9.2 Support Vector Machines
		9.3 Lasso Regression
		9.4 Light GBM
	10 Results and Discussions
	11 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
India’s COVID-2019 Epidemic Data Analysis Using Machine Learning Techniques: A Case Study of SIR Model
	1 Introduction
	2 SIR Model
	3 Experimental Result
		3.1 Estimation of Infection Rate
		3.2 Estimation of Recovery Rate ( γ )
		3.3 Calculation of Infection for All Time
		3.4 Simulation of SIR Model
		3.5 Calculation of Herd Immunity
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Fine-Tuned Predictive Models for Forecasting Severity Level of COVID-19 Patient Using Epidemiological Data
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Objective
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Theoretical Background
		3.1 Data Preprocessing
		3.2 Feature Engineering
		3.3 Encoding and Over-Sampling Techniques
		3.4 Correlation Matrix (Heatmap) and Machine Learning Models
	4 Proposed Workflow and Methodology
	5 Experimental Setup and Implementation
		5.1 Data Collection
		5.2 Data Preprocessing on Raw Data
		5.3 Handcrafted Feature Generation
		5.4 Dataset Analysis and Visualizations
	6 Prediction and Result Analysis
	7 Conclusion
	References
An Ensemble Machine Learning Model to Detect COVID-19 Using Chest X-Ray
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Materials and Methodology
		3.1 Collecting the Data-Source
		3.2 Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 Performance Metrics
		4.2 Derived Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Prediction of COVID-19 Cases Using the ARIMA Model and Machine Learning
	1 Introduction
		1.1 The Utility of Time Series
		1.2 Covid-19
		1.3 Research Objective
		1.4 Research Motivation
		1.5 Research Contribution
		1.6 Road Map
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Genetic Programming
		2.2 ARIMA-WBF Models
		2.3 Two-Piece Scale Mixture Normal (TP-SMN)
		2.4 Dynamic Statistical Techniques
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Understanding ARIMA Model and Its Components
		3.2 Stationarity of Data in ARIMA Model
		3.3 ARIMA Model Parameters and Notations
		3.4 Forecasting with ARIMA Model
		3.5 Dataset
	4 Result
	5 Conclusion
	References
Travelling Guidance Using ACO and HBMO Techniques in COVID-19 Pandemics: A Novel Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Proposed Mathematical Model
	4 Algorithmic Representations
	5 Results and Discussions
	6 Conclusions
	References
Restoration and Enhancement of COVID-19 Variants Using CT Images
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Existing Method and Its Limitations
	4 Proposed Method and Advantages
		4.1 2D Improved Anisotropic Diffusion Bilateral Filter (2D IADBF)
		4.2 2D Edge Preservation Efficient Histogram Improvement (2D EPEHI)
	5 Experimental Setup
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Parameter Settings
	8 Qualitative Analysis
		8.1 Qualitative Analysis on Covid-19 Images
	9 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
IoT in Healthcare
MediFi: An IoT-Based Health Monitoring Device
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement
	3 Literature Survey
	4 “MediFi”—The Wearable Device
	5 System Architecture
	6 Device Circuit and Working
	7 Simulation and Implementation Results
	8 Benefits
	9 Future Scope
	10 Conclusion
	References
Fog-Based Smart Road Safety Application Using IoT
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 IoT Application Use Case
	4 Simulation and Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Efficient Computing Resource Sharing for Mobile Edge-Cloud Computing Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 System/Network Design
		2.2 System Optimization
	3 Proposed Methodology
		3.1 System Model
		3.2 Algorithms Used
	4 Simulation and Performance Evaluation
		4.1 Experimental Setup
		4.2 Performance Evaluation
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Stream Cipher for Privacy Preservation of Biometric Data in IoMT
	1 Introduction
	2 The Literature Review and Motivation
	3 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set (IFS)
	4 The Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR)
	5 Proposed Intuitionistic Fuzzy Stream Cipher and IoMT Secure Model
	6 Result and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Sleep Monitoring with Wearable Sensor Data in an eCoach Recommendation System: A Conceptual Study with Machine Learning Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Data Collection
		2.2 Data Processing and Preparation
		2.3 Model Training and Testing
		2.4 Model Evaluation Metrics
		2.5 Transfer Learning for Recommendation Generation
	3 Experimental Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
LSEA-IOMT: On the Implementation of Lightweight Symmetric Encryption Algorithm for Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed Algorithm
	4 Security Analysis
		4.1 Known Plain Text Attack
		4.2 Known Cipher Text Attack
	5 Performance Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Image Processing in Healthcare
Cardiovascular Disease Prediction in Retinal Fundus Images Using ERNN Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Work
		3.1 Dataset Availability
		3.2 GLCM Based Feature Extraction
		3.3 ICA Based Feature Selection
		3.4 Enriched Recurrent Neural Network (ERNN) Based Classification
		3.5 Pseudocode for ERNN Classification
	4 Performance Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
Medical Image Security Using RIW for Grayscale and Color Images
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review of Related Work
	3 Proposed Methodology
		3.1 Encoding Algorithm
		3.2 Location Map
		3.3 Decoding Algorithm
	4 Proposed Methodology for RGB Color Images
	5 Implementation Details
		5.1 Test Images
	6 Result Analysis
	7 Conclusion
	References
Feather-Light Vessel Segregation Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Feature Extraction
		2.1 32 Gabor Filters
		2.2 The Different Edge Detectors
		2.3 Blurring Methods
	3 XGBoost
	4 Algorithm: Way of Working
	5 Analysis and Evaluation of Results
	6 Future Prospects and Conclusion
	References
Hyperspectral Image Segmentation Using Balanced Entropic Thresholding
	1 Inroduction
		1.1 Deep Learning Based Approach
		1.2 Nature Inspired Approach
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Cuckoo Search Algorithm
		2.2 LÉvy Flight Function
		2.3 Tsallis Entropy
		2.4 Renyi's Entropy
	3 Proposed Methodology
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Dataset Description
		4.2 Performance Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Deep SqueezeNet-Based Diagnosis of the Breast Cancer Using Ultrasound (US) Images
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Materials and Methods
		3.1 US Image DataSet
		3.2 The Pre-trained SqueezeNet Architecture and Fine-Tuning Procedure
	4 Results
		4.1 Tools Used
		4.2 Performance Evaluation
		4.3 Result Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
Automated Brain Tumor Segmentation Using GAN Augmentation and Optimized U-Net
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed System for Brain Tumor Segmentation
		2.1 Module 1: Data Augmentation
		2.2 Module 2: Image Segmentation
		2.3 Module 3: All Modules Integrated
	3 Experimental Result
	4 Conclusion
	References
Estimation of Different Transformation Parameters Based on Optimised Scale Invariant Feature Transform for Image Registration
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Methodology
		2.1 Feature Extraction by SIFT
		2.2 Feature Selection by AOA
	3 Result Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Designing an Iterative Adaptive Arithmetic Coding-Based Lossless Bio-signal Compression for Online Patient Monitoring System (IAALBC)
	1 Introduction
	2 The Technique
		2.1 Encoding Frequency and Magnitude Components (IAALBC-EFMC)
		2.2 Decoding Frequency and Magnitude Components (IAALBC-DFMC)
	3 Results and Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
Healthcare Security of Patient's Medical Images by PEE-Based RIW Without Location Mapping
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Algorithm
		2.1 Embedding Process
		2.2 Extraction and Image Restoration Process
	3 Software Implementation of Proposed Algorithm
	4 Results and Analysis
		4.1 Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR)
		4.2 Structural Similarity (SSIM) Index
	5 Conclusion
	References
Deep Cervix Model Development from Heterogeneous and Partially Labeled Image Datasets
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Self-supervised Learning
		2.2 Federated Self-supervised Learning (FSSL)
		2.3 Proposed Approach: Cervical Model Development
	3 Experimental Protocol
		3.1 Dataset Description
		3.2 Network Architecture
		3.3 Competing Methods
		3.4 Parameter Settings
		3.5 Implementation
		3.6 Evaluation Metrics
	4 Experimental Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Scope of Future Work
	References
Region Separated Vessel Segmentation in Fundus Image Using Multi-scale Layer-Based Convolutional Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Methodology
		2.1 Region Separation
		2.2 Multi-scale Layer Network
	3 Experimental Observation
	4 Conclusion
	References
MsMED-Net: An Optimized Multi-scale Mirror Connected Encoder-Decoder Network for Multilingual Natural Scene Text Recognition
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Past Works
		1.2 Motivation
		1.3 Contribution
	2 Proposed Methodology
		2.1 Data set Preparation
		2.2 Experiments
	3 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Author Index