Frontiers of Cosmology: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on The Frontiers of Cosmology Cargèse, France 8–20 September 2003

Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 10
Acknowledgments......Page 11
1 Basics of Cosmology......Page 12
1. Geometry and Dynamics......Page 13
2. Important quantities needed for observations......Page 16
3. Some solutions of EFL equations:some cosmological models......Page 19
4. The standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (SBBN)......Page 23
5. Observations of \"primordial abundances\"......Page 27
6. Confrontation of the observed \"primordial abundances\" to the predictions of the sBBN......Page 29
7. Conclusions......Page 31
References......Page 32
2 The X-ray View of Galaxy Clusters......Page 34
1. Observing Clusters in X-rays – the Chandra Observatory......Page 38
2. Regular Clusters XD Cooling Flows......Page 44
3. Physics of Cluster Cores......Page 47
References......Page 52
3 Clusters: an optical point of view......Page 54
1. Cluster detections in the optical......Page 55
2. Studies of clusters......Page 58
References......Page 65
1. Introduction......Page 67
2. What is a cluster?......Page 68
4. The mass function......Page 69
5. Connection to the observations......Page 70
6. Properties of Clusters and scaling relations......Page 73
7. Clusters abundance evolution......Page 75
8. The baryon fraction......Page 78
References......Page 82
1. Signals from the Dark universe......Page 85
2. Inference probes......Page 86
3. Physical probes......Page 87
References......Page 93
6 Non-thermal and relativistic processes in galaxy clusters......Page 95
1. Non-thermal and relativistic phenomena in galaxy clusters......Page 96
2. The origin of cosmic rays in galaxy clusters......Page 100
3. The astrophysics of cosmic rays in galaxy clusters......Page 104
References......Page 108
1. Introduction......Page 110
2. The hot Big-Bang scenario and its problems......Page 112
3. Inflation and inflationary dynamics......Page 118
4. Basics of cosmological perturbations......Page 126
5. Inflationary perturbations......Page 137
6. Basics of quantum field theory......Page 141
7. Perturbation spectrum......Page 143
References......Page 146
1. The two cosmological constant problems......Page 147
2. A scalar field as dark energy......Page 149
3. Stability of the w[sub(Q)] = Const regime......Page 150
4. Model building......Page 151
6. Observational status......Page 153
References......Page 155
9 CMB Observational Techniques and Recent Results......Page 157
1. Introduction......Page 158
2. Observational Techniques......Page 162
3. Recent Observations......Page 175
4. Summary......Page 178
References......Page 179
1. Introduction......Page 183
2. Cosmological Preliminaries......Page 184
3. The Last Scattering Surface......Page 186
4. Perturbations on Large and Small Scales......Page 188
5. Oscillations in the Primordial Plasma......Page 191
6. The Power Spectrum of CMB Fluctuations......Page 195
7. The CMB and Cosmological Parameters......Page 196
8. Conclusions......Page 199
Acknowledgments......Page 200
References......Page 201
1. Some History......Page 203
2. Supernova classification......Page 204
3. Input Energy......Page 207
4. Core-collapse supernovae......Page 208
6. Conclusions......Page 210
References......Page 211
1. Introduction......Page 214
2. The Hubble constant......Page 215
3. The expansion history of the universe......Page 217
4. Universal acceleration according to Type Ia supernovae......Page 218
5. Characterising dark energy......Page 221
6. Conclusions......Page 222
References......Page 223
1. Introduction......Page 225
2. Physical mechanisms......Page 226
3. Gravitational lenses in Cosmology......Page 230
4. Cosmic Shear: weak lensing as a probe of the large-scale structure......Page 236
References......Page 245
1. Introduction......Page 247
2. Local Dark Matter......Page 248
3. Clusters and Groups of Galaxies......Page 249
4. Masses of Galaxies......Page 251
5. The Nature of Dark Matter......Page 258
6. Summary......Page 262
References......Page 264
1. Challenges of dark matter......Page 269
2. Global baryon inventory......Page 270
3. Confirmation via detailed census of MWG/M31......Page 271
4. Hierarchical galaxy formation......Page 272
5. Unresolved issues in galaxy formation theory......Page 274
6. Resurrecting CDM......Page 275
7. An astrophysical solution: early winds......Page 277
8. Observing CDM via the WIMP LSP......Page 279
9. The future......Page 280
References......Page 283
1. The need for non-baryonic dark matter......Page 285
2. Popular candidates for non-baryonic dark matter......Page 287
3. Neutralino dark matter searches......Page 305
4. Conclusions......Page 332
References......Page 333