From Protest to Challenge: Protest and Hope, 1882-1934

Preface
The Authors
The Documents

PART ONE AFRICAN POLITICS AND THE PRE-UNION POLITICAL ORDER, 1882-1909
Introduction
Early African Political Activity
Hopes and Grievances in the Wake of the Anglo-Boer War
African Fears at the Prospect of Union

Documents
Early African Political Activity
1. Statement by S. N. Mvambo on the purpose of Imbumba, December, 1883 {Extract}
2. Editorial on taxation, in Imvo Zabantsundu, November 10, 1884 {Extract}
3. “Muzzling the Natives.” Editorial in Imvo Zabantsundu, March 23, 1887
4. Petition to Queen Victoria, from “the Native Inhabitants of the Location of Oxkraal,” July, 1887
5. Article on the pass law deputation in Imvo Zabanstundu, July 25, 1889
6. “The Future of the Bill.” Editorial in Imvo Zabantsundu, August 15, 1894

Hopes and Grievances in the Wake of the Anglo-Boer War
7. “Questions Affecting the Natives and Coloured People Resident in British South Africa.” Statement by the Executive of the South African Native Congress, 1903 {?}
8a - 8d. Minutes of Evidence, South African Native Affairs Commission, 1903-1905
8a. Testimony of Martin Lutuli of the Natal Native Congress, before the South African Native Affairs Commission, May 28, 1904 {Extracts}
8b. Testimony of the Rev. E. T. Mpela, the Rev. B. Kumalo, J. Twayi, A. Jordaan, J. Mocher, J. Lavers, and Peter Thaslane of the Native Vigilance Association of the Orange River Colony, before the South African Native Affairs Commission, September 23, 1904 {Extracts}
8c. Testimony of the Rev. Samuel Jacobus Brander, the Rev. Joshua Mphothleng Mphela, and Stephen Nguato of the Ethiopian Catholic Church in Zion, before the South African Native Affairs Commission, October 4, 1904 {Extracts}
8d. Testimony of James B. Mama and John Makue, Transvaal, before the South African Native Affairs Commission, October 7, 1904 {Extracts}
9. Petition to King Edward VII, from the Native United Political Associations of the Transvaal Colony, April 25, 1905
10. Resolutions of the South African Native Congress, April 10, 1906 {Extracts}
11. Petition to King Edward VII, from the Orange River Colony Native Congress, June, 1906
12. Petition to the House of Commons, from J. Tengo Jabavu and thirteen other signatories, July 13, 1906
13. Petition to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, from the Natal Native Congress, October, 1908

African Fears at the Prospect of Union
14. Petition to the South African National Convention from “aboriginal natives of South Africa, resident in the Transvaal,” October 22, 1908
15. Resolutions of the South African Native Convention, March 24-26, 1909
16. Petition to the Governor of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope, from the Traskeian Territories General Council, June 21, 1909
17. Petition to the House of Commons, from W. P. Schreiner, A. Abdurahman, J. Tengo Jabavu, et al, July, 1909
18. “Latest Developments.” Editorial in Imvo Zabantsundu, August 31, 1909

PART TWO THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS COMES INTO BEING: ACCELERATED PROTEST AND APPEALS ABROAD, 1910-1920
Introduction
The Establishment of the South African Native National Congress
The Land Question
Further Grievances
Appeals Abroad
Documents

The Establishment of the South African Native National Congress
19. “A Talk Upon My Native Land.” Pamphlet by the Rev. John L. Dube, 1892 {Extract}
20. “The Regeneration of Africa.” Article by Pixley ka Isaka Seme, in The African Abroad, April 5, 1906
21. “Native Union.” Article by Pixley ka Isaka Seme, in Imvo Zabantsundu, October 24, 1911
22. “The South African Races Congress.” Inaugural Address by J. Tengo Jabavu, President, South African Races Congress, April 2, 1912
23. Constitution of the South African Native National Congress, September, 1919 {Extracts}

The Land Question
24. “The Squatters' Bill.” Article in Imvo Zabantsundu, March 19, 1912
25. Petition to the Prime Minister, from the Rev. John L. Dube, President, South African Native National Congress, February 14, 1914
26. “Resolution against the Natives Land Act, 1913 and the Report of the Natives Land Commission,” by the South African Native National Congress, October 2, 1916
27a - 27c. Minutes of Evidence, Eastern Transvaal Natives Land Committee, October 1917-January 1918
27a. Testimony of Saul Msane, Sprinkhaan, and Jonas Mapope before the Eastern Transvaal Natives Land Committee, October 23, 1917 {Extracts}
27b. Testimony of the Delegation of the South African Native National Congress, Ermelo, before the Eastern Transvaal Land Committee, January 8, 1918
27c. Letter to the Sub-Native Commissioner, Pietersburg, from Filipus Bopape, November 23, 1917

Further Grievances
28. Testimony of Chief Stephen Mini, J. T. Gumede, and the Rev. Abner Mtimkulu of the Natal Native Congress, before the Select Committee on Native Affairs, June 15 and 18, 1917 {Extracts}
29. “To the Native Conference at Queenstown.” Address by Meshach Pelem, President, Bantu Union, February 26, 1919 {Extracts}
30. Address on disturbances in Bloemfontein location, by I. J. Nthatisi, March 4, 1919
31. “Pass Law Resisters, Native Case Stated.” Report on interview with I. Bud Mbelle, J. W. Dunjwa, and P. J. Motsoakae of the South African Native National Congress, April 1, 1919
32. “Presidental Address” by S. M. Makgatho, South African Native National Congress, May 6, 1919
33a - 33c. Minutes of Evidence, Select Committee on Native Affairs, June, 1920
33a. Testimony of J. Tengo Jabavu, before the Select Committee on Native Affairs, June 15, 1920
33b. Testimony of Meshach Pelem, President, Bantu Union, before the Select Committee on Native Affairs, June 11, 1920 {Extract}
33c. Testimony of the Rev. Z. R. Mahabane, President, Cape Province Native Congress, before the Select Committee on Native Affairs, June 15, 1920
34. “Native Unrest.” Paper by Professor D. D. T. Jabavu read before the Natal Missionary Conference, July, 1920

Appeals Abroad
35. Petition to King George V, from the South African Native National Congress, July 20, 1914
36. “An Appeal to the Members of the Imperial Parliament and Public of Great Britain.” Petition from the South African Native National Congress, 1914
37. Native Life in South Africa, by Solomon Plaatje, 1916 {Extracts}
38. Petition to King George V, from the South African Native National Congress, December 16, 1918

PART THREE NEW GROPINGS FOR EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATION AND REPRESENTATION, 1921-1934
Introduction
Africans “Respectfully Submit”
Africans and Whites in Dialogue
Non-Europeans Meet Together
Africans Acting Alone
Documents

Africans “Respectfully Submit”
39a - 39d. The Governor-General's Native Conferences
39a. Proceedings and Resolutions of the Governor-General's Native Conference, 1923 {Extracts}
39b. Proceedings and Resolutions of the Governor-General's Native Conference, 1924 {Extracts}
39c. Proceedings and Resolutions of the Governor-General's Native Conference, 1925 {Extracts}
39d. Proceedings and Resolutions of the Governor-General's Native Conference, 1926 {Extracts}
40a - 40b. Minutes of Evidence, Select Committee on Subject of Native Bills, May, 1927
40a. Testimony of Charles Sakwe, Elijah Qamata, and William Mlandu of the Transkeian Native General Council, before the Select Committee on Subject of Native Bills, May 6, 1927 {Extracts}
40b. Testimony of Professor D. D. T. Jabavu, Walter Rubusana, and the Rev. Abner Mtimkulu of the Cape Native Voters' Convention and Meshach Pelem of the Bantu Union, before the Select Committee on Subject of Native Bills, May 30, 1927 {Extracts}

Africans and Whites in Dialogue
41a - 41d. Views of Africans
41a. “The Race Problem.” Article in The Guardian by R. V. Selope Thema, September, 1922
41b. “Christianity, Basis of Native Policy?” Article in The Workers' Herald by James S. Thaele, December 21, 1923
41c. “The Native Problem.” Article in The Cape Times by the Rev. Abner Mtimkulu, May 30, 1924
41d. “Bridging the Gap Between White and Black in South Africa.” Address by Dr. A. B. Xuma at the Conference of European and Bantu Christian Student Associations at Fort Hare, June 27-July 3, 1930 {Extracts}
42a - 42b. Dutch Reformed Church Conferences
42a. Proceedings and Resolutions of the Dutch Reformed Church Conference, September, 1923 {Extracts}
42b. Report on proceedings and resolutions of the Dutch Reformed Church Conference, February 3, 1927 {Extracts}
43a - 43b. National European-Bantu Conferences
43a. Proceedings and Resolutions of the National European-Bantu Conference, February, 1929 {Extracts}
43b. Proceedings and Resolutions of the National European-Bantu Conference, July, 1933 {Extracts}

Non-Europeans Meet Together
44. Proceedings and Resolutions of the Non-European Conference, June, 1927 {Extracts}
45. Report on proceedings and resolutions of the Non-European Conference, in The Cape Times, January 4 and 6, 1930 {Extracts}
46. Proceedings and Resolutions of the Non-European Conference, January, 1931 {Extracts}
47. “Native Disabilities in South Africa.” Pamphlet by Professor D. D. T. Jabavu, July, 1932

Africans Acting Alone
48a - 48m. The African National Congress Strives for Unity
48a. “The Exclusion of the Bantu.” Address by the Rev. Z. R. Mahabane, President, Cape Province National Congress, 1921
48b. Resolutions of the Annual Conference of the African National Congress, May 28-29, 1923
48c. Resolutions of the Annual Conference of the African National Congress, May 31, 1924
48d. Report on proceedings and resolutions of the Annual Conference of the African National Congress, January 4-5, 1926 {Extracts}
48e. Resolutions of the Convention of Bantu Chiefs, Held under the auspices of the African National Congress, April 15, 1927
48f. “To All Leaders of the African People.” Statement by J. T. Gumede, President, ANC, September 7, 1927
48g. “What Do the People Say?” Editorial in Abantu-Batho, January 26, 1928
48h. Report of T. D. Mweli Skota, Secretary-General of the African National Congress, January, 1930 {?}
48i. Report on the proceedings of the Annual Conference of the African National Congress, in Umteteli wa Bantu, May 3, 1930
48j. “ANC Calls for Passive Resistance.” Statement in Umteteli wa Bantu, June 27, 1931
48k. Report on the proceedings of the Special Emergency Convention of the African National Congress in Umteteli wa Bantu, June 23, 1932
48l. “The African National Congress—Is It Dead?” Pamphlet by Pixley wa Isaka Seme, 1932 {Extract}
48m. “I Appeal to the African Nation.” Article by Pixley ka Isaka Seme, in Umteteli wa Bantu, November 10, 1934
49a - 49c. The Voice of Labor
49a-l - 49a-3. Predecessors of the I.C.U.
49a-l. Address by Selby Msimang, President, Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union of South Africa, July 23, 1921
49a-2. Memorandum from the Transvaal Native Mine Clerks' Association to the Mining Industry Board, 1922
49a-3. Petition to the Prince of Wales, from the Transvaal Native Mine Clerks' Association, June 23, 1925
49b-l - 49b-6. Kadalie's I.C.U.
49b-l. “African Labour Congress.” Article by Clements Kadalie, National Secretary, I.C.U., in The Workers' Herald, December 21,1923
49b-2. Revised Constitution of the I.C.U., 1925 {Extracts}
49b-3. Resolutions of demonstration against the Prime Minister's Native Bills, 1926
49b-4. Letter to the Prime Minister, from A. W. G. Champion, Acting National Secretary, I.C.U., May 23, 1927 {Extracts}
49b-5. “Open Letter to Blackpool.” Article by Clements Kadalie, in The New Leader, September 30, 1927
49b-6. “Economic and Political Program for 1928.” Statement by Clemente Kadalie, 1928
49c-l - 49c-2. Successors of the I.C.U.: I.C.U. Yase Natal
49c-l. Constitution, Rules and Bye-Laws, I.C.U. Yase Natal, 1929 {Extracts}
49c-2. “Blood and Tears.” Pamphlet by A. W. G. Champion, 1929 {Extracts}
50a - 50b. Cape Voters
50a. Petition to the South African Parliament, from the Cape Native Voters' Convention, January 3, 1928
50b. Report on the proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Cape Native Voters' Convention, in Imvo Zabantsundu, January 8, 1929
51a - 51c. Urban Africans Organize
51a. “Urban Native Legislation.” Address by R. H. Godlo, President, Location Advisory Boards' Congress of South Africa, December 19, 1929
51b. “Urban Native Legislation.” Memorandum to the Minister for Native Affairs from the Location Advisory Boards' Congress of South Africa, September 8, 1930
51c. “Social Conditions Among Bantu Women and Girls.” Address by Charlotte Maxeke at the Conference of European and Bantu Christian Student Associations at Fort Hare, June 27-July 3, 1930 {Extract)

Chronology of Chief Events, 1882 - 1934
Bibliographical Notes
Contents for Volume II
Contents for Volume III
Index of Selected Organizations
Index of Selected Names