From Movements to Parties in Latin America: The Evolution of Ethnic Politics

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface and Acknowledgments......Page 9
Abbreviations and Acronyms......Page 13
1 Introduction: Toward a Comprehensive Theory of Ethnic Party Formation and Performance......Page 27
institutions, party systems, and social movements......Page 32
ethnic politics, social movements, and political parties......Page 37
research design......Page 41
organization of the book......Page 47
2 Institutions, Party Systems, and Social Movements......Page 48
ethnic parties and the permissive institutional environment......Page 49
Decentralization......Page 51
Reserved Seats and Quotas......Page 53
Proportional Representation......Page 54
Threshold of Representation......Page 55
ethnic parties and party systems......Page 58
Dealignment......Page 59
Party System Fragmentation......Page 60
The Weakness or Decline of Leftist Parties......Page 61
ethnic parties and social movements......Page 66
Access to the Constitutional Reform Process......Page 67
The Diffusion Effect......Page 68
Organizational Maturity of Indigenous Movements......Page 69
Proportional Size, Dispersion, and Concentration of Indigenous Population......Page 72
conclusion......Page 74
3 "A Reflection of Our Motley Reality": Bolivian Indians’ Slow Path to Political Representation......Page 75
indigenous social movements in bolivia......Page 76
The First Wave of Highland Indigenous Organizations......Page 78
Indigenous Movements in the Lowlands......Page 86
understanding ethnic party formation......Page 88
Strategic Decision-Making Scenario I......Page 91
Strategic Decision-Making Scenario II......Page 93
Strategic Decision-Making Scenario III......Page 97
Strategic Decision-Making Scenario IV......Page 102
Strategic Decision-Making Scenario V......Page 103
understanding new ethnic party performance......Page 104
The Pre--Reform Era (1978--1993)......Page 105
The Post--Reform Era (1995--2002)......Page 111
conclusion......Page 121
coda......Page 123
4 "We Are the Government": Pachakutik’s Rapid Ascent to National Power......Page 125
indigenous social movements in ecuador......Page 126
Indigenous Organizations in the Sierra......Page 128
National Indigenous Organizations......Page 132
understanding ethnic party formation......Page 139
Strategic Decision-Making Scenario I......Page 141
Strategic Decision-Making Scenario II......Page 142
Decision-Making Scenario III......Page 148
understanding ethnic party performance......Page 149
conclusion......Page 164
5 "It Is Not a Priority": The Failure to Form Viable Ethnic Parties in Peru......Page 166
indigenous social movements in peru......Page 167
Indigenous Movements in the Sierra......Page 171
Indigenous Organizations in the Amazon......Page 183
The Emergence of a National Indigenous Organization......Page 188
understanding ethnic party formation......Page 189
Strategic Decision-Making Scenario I......Page 196
Future Prospects......Page 198
understanding ethnic party performance......Page 199
conclusion......Page 201
6 Argentina, Colombia, and Venezuela: Unlikely Cases of Ethnic Party Formation and Success......Page 203
Colombia......Page 204
Venezuela......Page 208
Argentina......Page 211
constitutional reform conjuncture......Page 216
Colombia......Page 219
Strategic Decision-Making Scenario I......Page 221
Venezuela......Page 222
Strategic Decision-Making Scenario I......Page 223
Argentina......Page 224
understanding ethnic party performance......Page 225
Colombia......Page 227
Venezuela......Page 233
conclusion......Page 236
explaining ethnic party formation......Page 238
Indigenous Social Movements: Resources, Opportunities, and Organization......Page 239
Permissiveness of the Institutional Environment......Page 240
Openness of the Party System......Page 241
understanding ethnic party performance......Page 243
Indigenous Social Movements: Resources and Opportunities......Page 244
Permissiveness of the Institutional Environment......Page 245
Openness of Party System......Page 247
looking ahead......Page 249
implications for the future of democracy and indigenous peoples......Page 253
References......Page 263
Index......Page 297