From Basic Survival Analytic Theory to a Non-Standard Application

Cover
Front flap
Front endpaper
Frontispiece
Title page
Copyright information
Dedication to Ru Hoogland
Contents
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 49
	ILLUSTRATORS
	PHOTOGRAPHERS
FLORA EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
	COMMITTEE MEMBERS
	EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
INTRODUCTION
Scope and presentation of the Flora
Acknowledgments (ABRS)
Acknowledgments (Peter Green)
Colour block 1
NORFOLK ISLAND & LORD HOWE ISLAND
	NORFOLK ISLAND
		VEGETATION
		NORFOLK ISLAND SPECIES LIST
	LORD HOWE ISLAND
		VEGETATION
		LORD HOWE ISLAND SPECIES LIST
	CONSERVATION
	BIBLIOGRAPHY
	KEY TO FAMILIES
MAGNOLIOPHYTA
	DICOTYLEDONAE
		1. WINTERACEAE
			ZYGOGYNUM
				Zygogynum howeanum
		2. LAURACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. CRYPTOCARYA
				1. Cryptocarya gregsonii
				2. Cryptocarya triplinervis
			2. CINNAMOMUM
				*Cinnamomum camphora
		3. PIPERACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. MACROPIPER
				1. Macropiper excelsum
				2. Macropiper hooglandii
			2. PEPEROMIA
				1. Peperomia tetraphylla
				2. Peperomia urvilleana
		4. RANUNCULACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. CLEMATIS
				1. Clematis dubia
				2. Clematis glycinoides
			2. RANUNCULUS
				1. *Ranunculus repens
				2. *Ranunculus muricatus
				3. *Ranunculus parviflorus
				4. *Ranunculus sessiliflorus
		5. MENISPERMACEAE
			STEPHANIA
				Stephania japonica var. timoriensis
		6. PAPAVERACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. ARGEMONE
				*Argemone subfusiformis
			2. PAPAVER
				1.*Papaver somniferum
				2.*Papaver rhoeas
		7. FUMARIACEAE
			FUMARIA
				1. *Fumaria muralis
				2. *Fumaria bastardii
		8. ULMACEAE
			CELTIS
				1. Celtis paniculata
				2. Celtis conferta
		9. MORACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. STREBLUS
				Streblus pendulinus
			2. TROPHIS
				Trophis scandens
			3. MORUS
				*Morus alba
			4. FICUS
				Ficus macrophylla
		10. URTICACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. URTICA
				*Urtica urens
			2. PILEA
				*Pilea microphylla
			3. ELATOSTEMA
				1. Elatostema grande
				2. Elatostema montanum
			4. BOEHMERIA
				1. Boehmeria australis
				2. Boehmeria calophleba
				3. *Boehmeria nivea
			5. PARIETARIA
				Parietaria debilis
		11. CASUARINACEAE
			CASUARINA
				*Casuarina glauca
		12. PHYTOLACCACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. PHYTOLACCA
				*Phytolacca octandra
			2. RIVINA
				*Rivina humilis
		13. NYCTAGINACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. MIRABILIS
				*Mirabilis jalapa
			2. BOERHAVIA
				Boerhavia tetrandra
			3. PISONIA
				Pisonia brunoniana
		14. AIZOACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. CARPOBROTUS
				Carpobrotus glaucescens
			2. TETRAGONIA
				1. Tetragonia implexicoma
				2. Tetragonia tetragonioides
			3. SESUVIUM
				Sesuvium portulacastrum
		15. CHENOPODIACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. ATRIPLEX
				1. *Atriplex prostrata
				2. *Atriplex semibaccata
				3. Atriplex cinerea
			2. CHENOPODIUM
				1. *Chenopodium album
				2. *Chenopodium murale
				3. *Chenopodium ambrosioides
			3. SARCOCORNIA
				Sarcocornia quinqueflora
		16. AMARANTHACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. AMARANTHUS
				*Amaranthus blitum
			2. ACHYRANTHES
				1. Achyranthes arborescens
				2. Achyranthes aspera
			3. ALTERNANTHERA
				*Alternanthera sessilis
		17. PORTULACACEAE
			PORTULACA
				*Portulaca oleracea
		18. BASELLACEAE
			ANREDERA
				*Anredera cordifolia
		19. CARYOPHYLLACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. ARENARIA
				*Arenaria serpyllifolia
			2. STELLARIA
				*Stellaria media
			3. CERASTIUM
				1. *Cerastium fontanum
				2.* Cerastium glomeratum
			4. SAGINA
				*Sagina apetala
			5. PARONYCHIA
				*Paronychia brasiliana
			6. POLYCARPON
				*Polycarpon tetraphyllum
			7. SILENE
				*Silene gallica
			8. PETRORHAGIA
				*Petrorhagia velutina
		20. POLYGONACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. PERSICARIA
				Persicaria decipiens
			2. FALLOPIA
				*Fallopia convolvulus
			3. MUEHLENBECKIA
				1. Muehlenbeckia australis
				2. Muehlenbeckia complexa
			4. RUMEX
				1. *Rumex conglomeratus
				2. *Rumex crispus
				3. *Rumex brownii
		21. PLUMBAGINACEAE
			PLUMBAGO
				Plumbago zeylanica
		22. OCHNACEAE
			OCHNA
				*Ochna serrulata
		CLUSIACEAE
		23. ELAEOCARPACEAE
			ELAEOCARPUS
				Elaeocarpus costatus
		24. TILIACEAE
			TRIUMFETTA
				*Triumfetta rhomboidea
		25. STERCULIACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. UNGERIA
				1. Ungeria floribunda
			2. BRACHYCHITON
				*Brachychiton acerifolius
		26. MALVACEAE
			Key to Genera
			1. MALVA
				*Malva parviflora
			2. MALVASTRUM
				*Malvastrum coromandelianum
			3. SIDA
				1. *Sida carpinifolia
				2. *Sida rhombifolia
			4. ABUTILON
				1. Abutilon julianae
				2. *Abutilon grandifolium
			5. MODIOLA
				*Modiola caroliniana
			6. PAVONIA
				*Pavonia hastata
			7. HIBISCUS
				1. Hibiscus tiliaceus
				2. Hibiscus diversifolius
				3.* Hibiscus mutabilis
				4. *Hibiscus pedunculatus
				5. Hibiscus insularis
			8. LAGUNARIA
				Lagunaria patersonia subsp. patersonia
		27. FLACOURTIACEAE
			XYLOSMA
				1. Xylosma parvifolium
				2. Xylosma maidenii
		28. VIOLACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. MELICYTUS
				1. Melicytus ramiflorus
				2. Melicytus novae-zelandae
				3. Melicytus latifolius
			2. VIOLA
				Viola betonicifolia
		29. FRANKENIACEAE
			FRANKENIA
				*Frankenia pulverulenta
		30. PASSIFLORACEAE
			1. Passiflora aurantia
			2. Passiflora herbertiana subsp. insulae-howei
			*Passiflora edulis
		31. CUCURBITACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. DIPLOCYCLOS
				Diplocyclos palmatus
			2. ZEHNERIA
				Zehneria baueriana
			3. CUCUMIS
				*Cucumis anguria
				32. CAPPARACEAE
			4. SICYOS
				Sicyos australis
		32. CAPPARACEAE
			Capparis nobilis
		33. BRASSICACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. BRASSICA
				1. *Brassica napus
				2. *Brassica juncea
			2. RAPISTRUM
				*Rapistrum rugosum
			3. CAKILE
				*Cakile edentula
			4. LEPIDIUM
				1. Lepidium howei-insulae
				2. Lepidium nesophilum
				3. *Lepidium bonariense
				4. *Lepidium africanum
			5. CORONOPUS
				*Coronopus didymus
			6. CAPSELLA
				*Capsella bursa-pastoris
			7. LOBULARIA
				*Lobularia maritima
			8. CARDAMINE
				*Cardamine hirsuta
			9. RORIPPA
				*Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum
			10. MATTHIOLA
				Matthiola incana
			11. SISYMBRIUM
				1. *Sisymbrium officinale
				2. *Sisymbrium orientale
		34. EPACRIDACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. LEUCOPOGON
				Leucopogon parviflorus
			2. DRACOPHYLLUM
				Dracophyllum fitzgeraldii
		35. SAPOTACEAE
			POUTERIA
				1. Pouteria costata
				2. Pouteria myrsinoides
		EBENACEAE
		36. SYMPLOCACEAE
			SYMPLOCOS
				Symplocos candelabrum
		37. MYRSINACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. AEGICERAS
				Aegiceras corniculatum
			2. RAPANEA
				1. Rapanea ralstoniae
				2. Rapanea myrtillina
				3. Rapanea platystigma
				4. Rapanea mccomishii
		38. PRIMULACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. ANAGALLIS
				*Anagallis arvensis
			2. SAMOLUS
				Samolus repens
		39. PITTOSPORACEAE
			PITTOSPORUM
				1. Pittosporum bracteolatum
				2. Pittosporum erioloma
				3. *Pittosporum crassifolium
				4. *Pittosporum undulatum
		40. CRASSULACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. CRASSULA
				Crassula sieberiana
			2. BRYOPHYLLUM
				*Bryophyllum pinnatum
		41. ROSACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. RUBUS
				*Rubus fruticosus
			2. PRUNUS
				*Prunus persica
			3. DUCHESNEA
				*Duchesnea indica
			4. ERIOBOTRYA
				*Eriobotrya japonica
			5. RHAPHIOLEPIS
				Rhaphiolepis umbellata
			6. COTONEASTER
				*Cotoneaster glaucophyllus
		42. MIMOSACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. ACACIA
				1. *Acacia parramattensis
				2. *Acacia dealbata
			2. PARASERIANTHES
				*Paraserianthes lophantha
		43. CAESALPINIACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. CAESALPINIA
				1. Caesalpinia bonduc
				2. *Caesalpinia major
				3. *Caesalpinia decapetala
			2. SENNA
				1. *Senna septemtrionalis
				2.*Senna pendula
			3. CHAMAECRISTA
				*Chamaecrista rotundifolia
		44. FABACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. CASTANOSPERMUM
				*Castanospermum australe
			2. SOPHORA
				Sophora howinsula
			3. MILLETTIA
				Millettia australis
			4. INDIGOFERA
				*Indigofera suffruticosa
			5. DESMODIUM
				1. *Desmodium incanum
				2. *Desmodium tortuosum
			6. ERYTHRINA
				1. *Erythrina speciosa
				2. *Erythrina caffra
				3. *Erythrina × sykesii
			7. MUCUNA
				Mucuna gigantea
			8. CANAVALIA
				Canavalia rosea
			9. PUERARIA
				*Pueraria lobata
			10. GLYCINE
				*Glycine microphylla
			11. LABLAB
				*Lablab purpureus
			12. VIGNA
				Vigna marina
			13. CARMICHAELIA
				Carmichaelia exsul
			14. STREBLORRHIZA
				Streblorrhiza speciosa
			15. LOTUS
				*Lotus angustissimus
			16. VICIA
				1. *Vicia sativa
				2. *Vicia hirsuta
				3. *Vicia tetrasperma
			17. LATHYRUS
				*Lathyrus latifolius
			18. MELILOTUS
				*Melilotus indicus
			19. MEDICAGO
				1. *Medicago lupulina
				2. *Medicago polymorpha
			20. TRIFOLIUM
				1.*Trifolium repens
				2. *Trifolium glomeratum
				3. *Trifolium campestre
				4. *Trifolium dubium
				5. *Trifolium subterraneum
			21. CROTALARIA
				*Crotalaria agatiflora
			22. LUPINUS
				*Lupinus cosentinii
			23. TELINE
				*Teline monspessulana
		45. PROTEACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. GREVILLEA
				*Grevillea robusta
			2. HAKEA
				1. *Hakea salicifolia
				2. *Hakea sericea
		46. LYTHRACEAE
			LYTHRUM
				*Lythrum hyssopifolia
		47. THYMELAEACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. PIMELEA
				Pimelea congesta
			2. WIKSTROEMIA
				Wikstroemia australis
		48. PUNICACEAE
			PUNICA
				*Punica granatum
		49. ONAGRACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. EPILOBIUM
				Epilobium billardierianum
			2. OENOTHERA
				1. *Oenothera affinis
				2. *Oenothera stricta
				3. *Oenothera drummondii
				4. *Oenothera tetraptera
		50. MYRTACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. LEPTOSPERMUM
				Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. howense
			2. MELALEUCA
				Melaleuca howeana
			3. EUCALYPTUS
				1. *Eucalyptus botryoides
				2. *Eucalyptus fibrosa
			4. METROSIDEROS
				1. Metrosideros nervulosa
				2. Metrosideros sclerocarpa
				3. *Metrosideros kermadecensis
			5. PSIDIUM
				1. *Psidium guajava
				2. *Psidium cattleianum
					2a. Psidium cattleianum var. cattleianum
					2b. Psidium cattleianum var. littorale
			6. CLEISTOCALYX
				Cleistocalyx fullagarii
			7. EUGENIA
				*Eugenia uniflora
		51. GROSSULARIACEAE
			COROKIA
				Corokia carpodetoides
		52. SANTALACEAE
			EXOCARPOS
				1. Exocarpos homalocladus
				2. Exocarpos phyllanthoides
		53. LORANTHACEAE
			ILEOSTYLUS
				Ileostylus micranthus
		54. VISCACEAE
			KORTHALSELLA
				1. Korthalsella disticha
				2. Korthalsella emersa
				3. Korthalsella rubra
		55. CELASTRACEAE
			ELAEODENDRON
				Elaeodendron curtipendulum
		56. ICACINACEAE
			PENNANTIA
				Pennantia endlicheri
		57. EUPHORBIACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. PHYLLANTHUS
				*Phyllanthus tenellus
			2. DRYPETES
				Drypetes deplanchei
			3. BALOGHIA
				Baloghia inophylla
					*Acalypha wilkesiana
			5. RICINUS
				*Ricinus communis
			6. HOMALANTHUS
				Homalanthus populifolius
			7. EXCOECARIA
				Excoecaria agallocha
			8. EUPHORBIA
				1. Euphorbia obliqua
				2. Euphorbia psammogeton
				3. *Euphorbia supina
				4. *Euphorbia prostrata
				5. *Euphorbia cyathophora
				6. *Euphorbia peplus
				7. Euphorbia norfolkiana
		58. LINACEAE
			1. *Linum trigynum
			2. *Linum marginale
		59. POLYGALACEAE
			POLYGALA
				*Polygala myrtifolia
		60. MELIANTHACEAE
			MELIANTHUS
				*Melianthus major
		61. SAPINDACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. GUIOA
				Guioa coriacea
			2. DODONAEA
				Dodonaea viscosa
					a. Dodonaea viscosa subsp. viscosa
					b. Dodonaea viscosa subsp. burmanniana
		62. ANACARDIACEAE
			SCHINUS
				*Schinus terebinthifolius
		63. MELIACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. MELIA
				*Melia azedarach
			2. DYSOXYLUM
				1. Dysoxylum bijugum
				2. Dysoxylum pachyphyllum
		64. RUTACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. MELICOPE
				1. Melicope contermina
				2. Melicope littoralis
				3. Melicope polybotrya
			2. ZANTHOXYLUM
				Zanthoxylum pinnatum
			3. SARCOMELICOPE
				Sarcomelicope simplicifolia
			4. CITRUS
				*Citrus jambhiri
		65. OXALIDACEAE
			OXALIS
				1. *Oxalis debilis
				2. Oxalis corniculata
		66. GERANIACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. ERODIUM
				*Erodium moschatum
			2. GERANIUM
				1. *Geranium molle
				2. *Geranium dissectum
				3. *Geranium solanderi
			3. PELARGONIUM
				*Pelargonium australe
		67. TROPAEOLACEAE
			TROPAEOLUM
				*Tropaeolum majus
		68. ARALIACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. DELARBREA
				*Delarbrea paradoxa
			2. POLYSCIAS
				Polyscias cissodendron
			3. MERYTA
				1. Meryta angustifolia
				2. Meryta latifolia
			4. TETRAPANAX
				*Tetrapanax papyrifer
		69. APIACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. HYDROCOTYLE
				1. Hydrocotyle hirta
				2. *Hydrocotyle bonariensis
			2. CENTELLA
				*Centella asiatica
			3. APIUM
				1. Apium prostratum
				2. *Apium graveolens
			4. CICLOSPERMUM
				*Ciclospermum leptophyllum
			5. DAUCUS
				*Daucus glochidiatus
			6. TORILIS
				*Torilis nodosa
		70. LOGANIACEAE
			GENIOSTOMA
				1. Geniostoma huttonii
				2. Geniostoma petiolosum
		71. GENTIANACEAE
			CENTAURIUM
				*Centaurium tenuiflorum
		72. APOCYNACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. MELODINUS
				Melodinus baueri
			2. ALYXIA
				1. Alyxia lindii
				2. Alyxia squamulosa
				3. Alyxia ruscifolia
				4. Alyxia gynopogon
			3. OCHROSIA
				Ochrosia elliptica
			4. VINCA
				*Vinca major
			5. PARSONSIA
				Parsonsia howeana
		Colour block 2
		73. ASCLEPIADACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. GOMPHOCARPUS
				*Gomphocarpus physocarpus
			2. TYLOPHORA
				Tylophora biglandulosa
			3. MARSDENIA
				1. Marsdenia rostrata
				2. Marsdenia tubulosa
		74. SOLANACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. NICOTIANA
				1. Nicotiana forsteri
				2. *Nicotiana tabacum
			2. PETUNIA
				*Petunia × hybrida
			3. LYCIUM
				*Lycium ferocissimum
			4. SOLANUM
				1. *Solanum americanum
				2. *Solanum nigrum
				3. Solanum aviculare
				4. *Solanum mauritianum
				5. Solanum bauerianum
				6. *Solanum linnaeanum
			5. PHYSALIS
				1. *Physalis peruviana
				2. *Physalis ixocarpa
			6. NICANDRA
				*Nicandra physalodes
			7. SOLANDRA
				*Solandra maxima
			8. BRUGMANSIA
				*Brugmansia suaveolens
			9. DATURA
				*Datura stramonium
		75. CONVOLVULACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. IPOMOEA
				1. *Ipomoea alba
				2. *Ipomoea cairica
				3. *Ipomoea indica
				4. Ipomoea pes-caprae
			2. CALYSTEGIA
				1. Calystegia affinis
				2. Calystegia soldanella
			3. DICHONDRA
				Dichondra repens
		76. BORAGINACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. LANTANA
				*Lantana camara
			2. VERBENA
				1. *Verbena bonariensis
				2 *Verbena brasiliensis
				3. *Verbena litoralis
			3. AVICENNIA
				1. Avicennia marina
			Doubtful records
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. ECHIUM
				*Echium plantagineum
			2. CYNOGLOSSUM
				*Cynoglossum australe
			77. VERBENACEAE
		78. LAMIACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. PLECTRANTHUS
				Plectranthus graveolens
			2. MENTHA
				1. *Mentha spicata
				2. *Mentha × piperita
			3. SALVIA
				1. *Salvia coccinea
				2. *Salvia verbenaca
			4. PRUNELLA
				*Prunella vulgaris
			5. MARRUBIUM
				*Marrubium vulgare
			6. STACHYS
				*Stachys arvensis
			7. LAMIUM
				*Lamium amplexicaule
			8. WESTRINGIA
				Westringia viminalis
		79. PLANTAGINACEAE
			PLANTAGO
				1. *Plantago major
				2. *Plantago lanceolata
				3. Plantago hedleyi
				4. *Plantago debilis
		80. OLEACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. OLEA
				1. *Olea europaea
				2. Olea paniculata
			2. CHIONANTHUS
				Chionanthus quadristamineus
			3. NESTEGIS
				Nestegis apetala
			4. LIGUSTRUM
				1. *Ligustrum lucidum
				2. *Ligustrum sinense
			5. JASMINUM
				1. Jasminum didymum
				2. Jasminum simplicifolium
		81. SCROPHULARIACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. VERBASCUM
				1. *Verbascum thapsus
				2. *Verbascum virgatum
			2. MISOPATES
				*Misopates orontium
			3. VERONICA
				1. *Veronica plebeia
				2. *Veronica persica
				3. *Veronica arvensis
			4. CALCEOLARIA
				*Calceolaria tripartita
		82. MYOPORACEAE
			MYOPORUM
				1. Myoporum obscurum
				2. Myoporum insulare
		83. OROBANCHACEAE
			OROBANCHE
				*Orobanche minor
		84. GESNERIACEAE
			NEGRIA
				Negria rhabdothamnoides
		85. ACANTHACEAE
			HYPOESTES
				*Hypoestes phyllostachya
		86. BIGNONIACEAE
			PANDOREA
				Pandorea pandorana
		87. CAMPANULACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. WAHLENBERGIA
				1. Wahlenbergia gracilis
				2. Wahlenbergia insulae-howei
			2. PRATIA
				*Pratia purpurascens
			3. LOBELIA
				Lobelia anc
		88. GOODENIACEAE
			SCAEVOLA
				Scaevola taccada
		89. RUBIACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. PENTAS
				*Pentas lanceolata
			2. ATRACTOCARPUS
				Atractocarpus stipularis
			3. COPROSMA
				1. Coprosma prisca
				2. Coprosma baueri
				3. Coprosma pilosa
				4. Coprosma lanceolaris
				5. Coprosma huttoniana
				6. Coprosma putida
				7. Coprosma inopinata
			4. COFFEA
				1. *Coffea arabica
			5. PSYCHOTRIA
				Psychotria carronis
			6. SHERARDIA
				*Sherardia arvensis
			7. RICHARDIA
				*Richardia stellaris
		90. CAPRIFOLIACEAE
			LONICERA
				*Lonicera japonica
		91. VALERIANACEAE
			CENTRANTHUS
				*Centranthus ruber
		92. ASTERACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. CIRSIUM
				*Cirsium vulgare
			2. CARDUUS
				*Carduus tenuiflorus
			3. SILYBUM
				*Silybum marianum
			4. CENTAUREA
				*Centaurea melitensis
			5. HYPOCHAERIS
				1. *Hypochaeris glabra
				2. *Hypochaeris radicata
			6. PICRIS
				*Picris hieracioides
			7. TRAGOPOGON
				Tragopogon porrifolius
			8. TARAXACUM
				*Taraxacum officinale
			9. LACTUCA
				*Lactuca saligna
			10. SONCHUS
				1. *Sonchus oleraceus
				2. *Sonchus as
				3. *Sonchus megalocarpus
			11. ARCTOTHECA
				*Arctotheca calendula
			12. PSEUDOGNAPHALIUM
				Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum
			13. GAMOCHAETA
				*Gamochaeta purpurea
			14. EUCHITON
				Euchiton involucratus
			15. FACELIS
				*Facelis retusa
			16. CASSINIA
				Cassinia tenuifolia
			17. ASTER
				*Aster subulatus
			18. ERIGERON
				*Erigeron karvinskianus
			19. CONYZA
				1. *Conyza bonariensis
				2. *Conyza sumatrensis
				3. *Conyza parva
			20. OLEARIA
				1. Olearia ballii
				2. Olearia mooneyi
				3.Olearia elliptica
			21. BRACHYSCOME
				Brachyscome segmentosa
			22. ARGYRANTHEMUM
				*Argyranthemum frutescens
			23. LEUCANTHEMUM
				*Leucanthemum × superbum
			24. SOLIVA
				*Soliva pterosperma
			25. COTULA
				Cotula australis
			26. ROLDANA
				*Roldana petasitis
			27. LORDHOWEA
				Lordhowea insularis
			28. DELAIREA
				*Delairea odorata
			29. SENECIO
				1. *Senecio elegans
				2. Senecio australis
				3. Senecio pauciradiatus
				4. Senecio evansianus
				5. Senecio howeanus
				6. Senecio hooglandii
			30. ERECHTITES
				*Erechtites valerianifolia
			31. CRASSOCEPHALUM
				*Crassocephalum crepidioides
			32. CHRYSANTHEMOIDES
				*Chrysanthemoides monilifera
			33. WOLLASTONIA
				Wollastonia biflora
			34. SIGESBECKIA
				*Sigesbeckia orientalis
			35. BIDENS
				*Bidens pilosa
			36. GAILLARDIA
				*Gaillardia × grandiflora
			37. GALINSOGA
				*Galinsoga parviflora
			38. TAGETES
				*Tagetes minut
			39. AGERATUM
				*Ageratum conyzoides
			40. AGERATINA
				1. *Ageratina adenophora
				2. *Ageratina riparia
	MONOCOTYLEDONAE
		93. LIMNOCHARITACEAE
			1. HYDROCLEYS
				*Hydrocleys nymphoides
		94. HYDROCHARITACEAE
			HALOPHILA
				Halophila ovalis
		95. JUNCAGINACEAE
			TRIGLOCHIN
				Triglochin striata
		96. ZOSTERACEAE
			ZOSTERA
				Zostera capricorni
		97. ARECACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. HOWEA
				1. Howea belmoreana
				2. Howea forsteriana
			2. LEPIDORRHACHIS
				Lepidorrhachis mooreana
			3. HEDYSCEPE
				Hedyscepe canterburyana
			4. RHOPALOSTYLIS
				Rhopalostylis baueri
		98. PANDANACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. FREYCINETIA
				Freycinetia baueriana
			2. PANDANUS
				Pandanus forsteri
		99. ARACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. ZANTEDESCHIA
				*Zantedeschia aethiopica
			2. COLOCASIA
				*Colocasia esculenta
			3. XANTHOSOMA
				*Xanthosoma sagittifolium
		100. COMMELINACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. COMMELINA
				Commelina cyanea
			2. CALLISIA
				*Callisia fragrans
			3. TRADESCANTIA
				1. *Tradescantia fluminensis
				2. *Tradescantia zebrina
				3. *Tradescantia spathacea
		101. FLAGELLARIACEAE
			FLAGELLARIA
				Flagellaria indica
		CENTROLEPIDACEAE
		102. JUNCACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. JUNCUS
				1. *Juncus pallidus
				2. Juncus continuus
				3. *Juncus aridicola
				4. *Juncus articulatus
				5. *Juncus bufonius
			2. LUZULA
				Luzula longiflora
		103. CYPERACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. CYPERUS
				1. *Cyperus rotundus
				2. *Cyperus eragrostis
				3. *Cyperus involucratus
				4. *Cyperus albostriatus
				5. *Cyperus gracilis
				6. Cyperus lucidus
			2. PYCREUS
				*Pycreus polystachyos
			3. KYLLINGA
				*Kyllinga brevifolia
			4. ELEOCHARIS
				Eleocharis acuta
			5. BULBOSTYLIS
				Bulbostylis densa
			6. BOLBOSCHOENUS
				Bolboschoenus fluviatilis
			7. ISOLEPIS
				1. Isolepis nodosa
				2. Isolepis inundata
				3. Isolepis sp.
			8. SCHOENOPLECTUS
				Schoenoplectus validus
			9. MACHAERINA
				Machaerina insularis
			10. BAUMEA
				Baumea juncea
			11. GAHNIA
				Gahnia xanthocarpa
			12. UNCINIA
				Uncinia debilior
			13. CAREX
				1. Carex inversa
				2. Carex breviculmis
				3. Carex brunnea
				4. Carex neesiana
				5. Carex pumila
		104. POACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. ARUNDINARIA
				*Arundinaria simonii
			2. MICROLAENA
				Microlaena stipoides
			3. STIPA
				*Stipa ramosissima
			4. LOLIUM
				1. *Lolium perenne
				2. *Lolium rigidum
					2a. *Lolium rigidum Gaudin var. rigidum
					2b. *Lolium rigidum var. rottboellioides
			5. VULPIA
				1. *Vulpia bromoides
				2. *Vulpia myuros
			6. BRIZA
				1. *Briza maxima
				2. *Briza minor
			7. POA
				1. *Poa ann
				2. *Poa pratensis
				3. Poa poiformis
			8. DACTYLIS
				*Dactylis glomerata
			9. CATAPODIUM
				*Catapodium rigidum
			10. AVENA
				1. *Avena barbata
				2. *Avena sativa
				3. *Avena byzantina
			11. ROSTRARIA
				*Rostraria cristata
			12. AIRA
				*Aira cupaniana
			13. ANTHOXANTHUM
				*Anthoxanthum odoratum
			14. PHALARIS
				1. *Phalaris minor
				2. *Phalaris aquatica
				3. *Phalaris canariensis
			15. AGROSTIS
				1. Agrostis aemula
				2. Agrostis avenacea
				3. *Agrostis gigantea
			16. AMMOPHILA
				*Ammophila arenaria
			17. ECHINOPOGON
				Echinopogon ovatus
			18. DICHELACHNE
				1. Dichelachne micrantha
				2. Dichelachne crinita
			19. LAGURUS
				*Lagurus ovatus
			20. POLYPOGON
				*Polypogon monspeliensis
			21. BROMUS
				1. *Bromus diandrus
				2. *Bromus catharticus
				3. *Bromus hordeaceus
				4. *Bromus scoparius
			22. ELYMUS
				1. Elymus multiflorus
				2. Elymus rectisetus
			23. HORDEUM
				*Hordeum murinum
					a. *Hordeum murinum subsp. glaucum
					b. *Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum
			24. CHIONOCHLOA
				Chionochloa howensis
			25. RYTIDOSPERMA
				1. Rytidosperma racemosum
				2. Rytidosperma unarede
			26. ARUNDO
				*Arundo donax
			27. PHRAGMITES
				Phragmites australis
			28. ERAGROSTIS
				1. *Eragrostis cilianensis
				2. *Eragrostis brownii
			29. ELEUSINE
				*Eleusine indica
			30. SPOROBOLUS
				1. Sporobolus virginicus
				2. *Sporobolus africanus
			31. LEPTURUS
				Lepturus repens
			32. CHLORIS
				1. *Chloris gayana
				2. *Chloris truncata
			33. CYNODON
				*Cynodon dactylon
			34. OPLISMENUS
				Oplismenus hirtellus
			35. PANICUM
				1. Panicum effusum
				2. *Panicum maximum
			36. ECHINOCHLOA
				*Echinochloa crusgalli
			37. PASPALUM
				1. *Paspalum dilatatum
				2. Paspalum scrobiculatum
				3. Paspalum distichum
				4. Paspalum vaginatum
			38. AXONOPUS
				1. *Axonopus fissifolius
				2. *Axonopus compressus
			39. SETARIA
				1.*Setaria pumila
				2. *Setaria verticillata
				3. *Setaria palmifolia
			40. STENOTAPHRUM
				*Stenotaphrum secundatum
			41. RHYNCHELYTRUM
				*Rhynchelytrum repens
				*Rhynchelytrum repens
			42. MELINIS
				*Melinis minutiflora
			43. DIGITARIA
				1. Digitaria setigera
				2. *Digitaria violescens
				3. *Digitaria ciliaris
				4. *Digitaria sanguinalis
			44. PENNISETUM
				1. *Pennisetum clandestinum
				2. *Pennisetum purpureum
			45. CENCHRUS
				Cenchrus caliculatus
			46. SPINIFEX
				Spinifex sericeus
			47. IMPERATA
				*Imperata cylindrica
			48. SORGHUM
				*Sorghum arundinaceum
			49. BOTHRIOCHLOA
				*Bothriochloa macra
			50. CYMBOPOGON
				Cymbopogon refractus
			51. ROTTBOELLIA
				*Rottboellia coelorachis
		105. TYPHACEAE
			TYPHA
				1. Typha orientalis
				2. Typha domingensis
		MUSACEAE
		106. CANNACEAE
			CANNA
				1. *Canna indica
				2. *Canna × generalis
		107. PONTEDERIACEAE
			EICHHORNIA
				*Eichhornia crassipes
		108. LILIACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. ASPARAGUS
				1.*Asparagus asparagoides
				2.*Asparagus aethiopicus
				3.*Asparagus plumosus
			2. DIANELLA
				Dianella intermedia
			3. CHLOROPHYTUM
				*Chlorophytum comosum
			4. NOTHOSCORDUM
				*Nothoscordum borbonicum
			5. AGAPANTHUS
				*Agapanthus praecox subsp. orientalis
			6. CRINUM
				Crinum asiaticum
			7.HIPPEASTRUM
				*Hippeastrum puniceum
			8. NARCISSUS
				*Narcissus tazetta
			9. ALSTROEMERIA
				*Alstroemeria pulchella
			10. GLORIOSA
				*Gloriosa superba
			11. LILIUM
				*Lilium formosanum
		109. IRIDACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. SISYRINCHIUM
				*Sisyrinchium micranthum
			2. DIETES
				Dietes robinsoniana
			3. HOMERIA
				*Homeria flaccida
			4. FERRARIA
				*Ferraria crispa
			5. ROMULEA
				*Romulea rosea
			6. GLADIOLUS
				Gladiolus × hortulanus
			7. ANOMATHECA
				*Anomatheca la
			8. TRITONIA
				*Tritonia lineata
			9. CROCOSMIA
				*Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora
		110. ALOACEAE
			ALOE
				1. *Aloe maculata
				2. *Aloe ciliaris
		111. AGAVACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. AGAVE
				*Agave americana
			2. FURCRAEA
				*Furcraea foetida
			3. PHORMIUM
				Phormium tenax
			4. SANSEVIERA
				*Sanseviera trifasciata
			5. CORDYLINE
				Cordyline obtecta
		112. SMILACACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. SMILAX
				Smilax australis
			2. GEITONOPLESIUM
				Geitonoplesium cymosum
		113. ORCHIDACEAE
			KEY TO GENERA
			1. TROPIDIA
				1. Tropidia viridifusca
			2. PTEROSTYLIS
				1. Pterostylis curta
				2. Pterostylis obtusa
				3. Pterostylis pedunculata
			3. CORYBAS
				Corybas barbarae
			4. MICROTIS
				Microtis unifolia
			5. CALANTHE
				Calanthe triplicata
			6. OBERONIA
				Oberonia titania
			7. PHREATIA
				1. Phreatia limenophylax
				2. Phreatia paleata
			8. DENDROBIUM
				1. Dendrobium macropus
					1a. Dendrobium macropus subsp. macropus
					1b. Dendrobium macropus subsp. howeanum
				2. Dendrobium moorei
				3. Dendrobium brachypus
			9. BULBOPHYLLUM
				Bulbophyllum argyropus
			10. PLECTORRHIZA
				Plectorrhiza erecta
			11. TAENIOPHYLLUM
				Taeniophyllum muelleri
PINOPHYTA
	114. ARAUCARIACEAE
		ARAUCARIA
			Araucaria heterophylla
	115. CUPRESSACEAE
		CUPRESSUS
			*Cupressus lusitanica
PTERIDOPHYTA
	116. PSILOTACEAE
		KEY TO GENERA
		1. PSILOTUM
			Psilotum nudum
		2. TMESIPTERIS
			1. Tmesipteris norfolkensis
			2. Tmesipteris truncata
	117. LYCOPODIACEAE
		KEY TO GENERA
		1. HUPERZIA
			Huperzia varia
		2. LYCOPODIELLA
			Lycopodiella cernua
			Doubtful record
	118. SELAGINELLACEAE
		SELAGINELLA
			*Selaginella kraussiana
			Doubtful record
	119. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
		KEY TO GENERA
		1. OPHIOGLOSSUM
			1. Ophioglossum reticulatum
			2. Ophioglossum petiolatum
			3. Ophioglossum coriaceum
			4. Ophioglossum pendulum
		2. BOTRYCHIUM
			Botrychium australe
	120. MARATTIACEAE
		MARATTIA
			1.Marattia salicina
			2.Marattia howeana
	121. OSMUNDACEAE
		LEPTOPTERIS
			Leptopteris moorei
	SCHIZAEACEAE
	122. HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
		KEY TO GENERA
		1. HYMENOPHYLLUM
			1. Hymenophyllum howense
			2. Hymenophyllum moorei
		2. CREPIDOMANES
			1. Crepidomanes endlicherianum
			2. Crepidomanes saxifragoides
		3. CEPHALOMANES
			1. Cephalomanes atro
			2. Cephalomanes bauerianum
	123. ADIANTACEAE
		KEY TO GENERA
		1. ADIANTUM
			1. Adiantum aethiopicum
			2. Adiantum diaphanum
			3. Adiantum pubescens
			4. Adiantum hispidulum
			Doubtful records
		2. CHEILANTHES
			1. Cheilanthes sieberi
			2. Cheilanthes distans
		3. PELLAEA
			1. Pellaea falcata
			2. Pellaea paradoxa
			Doubtful record
	124. VITTARIACEAE
		VITTARIA
			Vittaria elongata
	125. PTERIDACEAE
		PTERIS
			1. Pteris kingiana
			2. Pteris tremula
			3. Pteris microptera
			4. Pteris zahlbruckneriana
	126. GLEICHENIACEAE
		STICHERUS
			Sticherus lobatus
	127.POLYPODIACEAE
		KEY TO GENERA
		1. PLATYCERIUM
			Platycerium bifurcatum
		2. PYRROSIA
			Pyrrosia confluens
		3. PHYMATOSORUS
			1. Phymatosorus pustulatus
				1a. Phymatosorus pustulatus subsp. pustulatus
				1b. Phymatosorus pustulatus subsp. howensis
			2. Phymatosorus scandens
	128. GRAMMITIDACEAE
		GRAMMITIS
			1. Grammitis diminuta
			2. Grammitis nudicarpa
			3. Grammitis wattsii
	129. CYATHEACEAE
		CYATHEA
			1. Cyathea australis
			2. Cyathea macarthurii
			3. Cyathea howeana
			4. Cyathea brevipinna
			5. Cyathea robusta
			6. Cyathea brownii
			Doubtful record
	130. THELYPTERIDACEAE
		KEY TO GENERA
		1. CHRISTELLA
			1. Christella dentata
			2. Christella parasitica
		2. MACROTHELYPTERIS
			Macrothelypteris torresiana
	131. DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
		KEY TO GENERA
		1. HISTIOPTERIS
			Histiopteris incisa
		2. HYPOLEPIS
			1. Hypolepis dicksonioides
			2. Hypolepis tenuifolia
			3. Hypolepis elegans
		3. PTERIDIUM
			1. Pteridium esculentum
			Doubtful record
	LINDSAEACEAE
	132. ASPLENIACEAE
		ASPLENIUM
			1. Asplenium australasicum
				1a. Asplenium australasicum f. australasicum
				1b. Asplenium australasicum f. robinsonii
			2. Asplenium milnei
			3. Asplenium difforme
			4. Asplenium surrogatum
			5. Asplenium polyodon
			6. Asplenium pteridoides
			7. Asplenium dimorphum
			Doubtful record
	133. ATHYRIACEAE
		KEY TO GENERA
		1. DIPLAZIUM
			1. Diplazium assimile
			2. Diplazium australe
			3. Diplazium melanochlamys
		2. LUNATHYRIUM
			Lunathyrium japonicum
	134. DRYOPTERIDACEAE
		KEY TO GENERA
		1. PHANEROPHLEBIA
			*Phanerophlebia falcata
		2. ARACHNIODES
			Arachniodes aristata
		3. POLYSTICHUM
			1. Polystichum moorei
			2. Polystichum whiteleggei
		4. LASTREOPSIS
			1. Lastreopsis calantha
			2. Lastreopsis nephrodioides
			Doubtful record
	135. DAVALLIACEAE
		KEY TO GENERA
		1. NEPHROLEPIS
			Nephrolepis cordifolia
		2. ARTHROPTERIS
			Arthropteris tenella
			Doubtful records
	136. BLECHNACEAE
		KEY TO GENERA
		1. BLECHNUM
			1. Blechnum patersonii
			2. Blechnum geniculatum
			3. Blechnum norfolkianum
			4. Blechnum contiguum
			5. Blechnum howeanum
			6. Blechnum fullagarii
			Doubtful record
		2. DOODIA
			1. Doodia aspera
			2. Doodia media
			3. Doodia caudata
			Doubtful record
APPENDIX
	APOCYNACEAE
		PARSONSIA
	ASTERACEAE
		SENECIO
	POLYPODIACEAE
		PHYMATOSORUS
GLOSSARY
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	X
	Z
Abbreviations and Contractions
	Literature
	Herbaria
	States, Territories
	General abbreviations
	Symbols
Publication date of previous volumes
INDEX
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	X
	Y
	Z
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