Freshwater Prawn Culture: The Farming of Macrobrachium Rosenbergii

Freshwater Prawn Culture: The farming of Macrobrachium rosenbergii......Page 6
Contents......Page 10
Preface......Page 16
Contributors......Page 18
Acknowledgements......Page 22
1.1 Origins of modern freshwater prawn culture......Page 24
1.2 Global production status......Page 28
1.3 Summary of opportunities and constraints......Page 31
1.4 References......Page 33
2.1 The genus in aquaculture......Page 35
2.2 Nomenclature and historical perspective......Page 36
2.3 Taxonomy......Page 38
2.4 References......Page 39
3.1 Habitat and life cycle......Page 41
3.2 Morphology and related topics......Page 42
3.3 Reproduction......Page 49
3.4 Ecdysis and growth......Page 53
3.5 Autotomy and regeneration......Page 54
3.6 Osmo-ionic regulation......Page 55
3.7 Larval development......Page 56
3.8 References......Page 58
4.1 Collection of broodstock......Page 64
4.2 Broodstock management......Page 67
4.3 Larval hatching systems, collection and enumeration......Page 70
4.4 Future research avenues......Page 72
4.5 References......Page 73
5.1 Site selection......Page 75
5.2 Facilities......Page 76
5.3 Hatchery operations......Page 80
5.4 Further developments......Page 88
5.5 References......Page 89
6.1 Hatchery design......Page 92
6.2 Facilities......Page 94
6.3 Water source and treatment......Page 99
6.4 General management......Page 101
6.5 Growth, survival and production......Page 108
6.6 Harvesting......Page 109
6.8 References......Page 110
7.1 Desirable food characteristics......Page 114
7.2 Supply, preparation and enhancement of brine shrimp (Artemia)......Page 115
7.3 Other larval feeds......Page 126
7.4 Feeding strategies......Page 128
7.5 References......Page 130
8 Nursery Systems and Management......Page 135
8.1 Indoor (primary) nurseries......Page 136
8.2 Outdoor (secondary) nurseries......Page 141
8.4 Multi-phase nursery systems......Page 144
8.5 References......Page 145
9 Grow-out Systems – Site Selection and Pond Construction......Page 149
9.1 Site selection......Page 150
9.2 Site development......Page 157
9.3 Pond system construction......Page 163
9.4 References......Page 178
10.1 Rearing systems......Page 180
10.2 Operation......Page 186
10.3 Prawn growth and survival......Page 192
10.4 Production models and productivity......Page 194
10.5 Environmental protection......Page 195
10.6 References......Page 196
11.1 Culture in temperate zones: problems and opportunities......Page 200
11.2 Temperate production cycle......Page 201
11.3 Marketing strategies......Page 206
11.5 References......Page 208
12 Grow-out Systems – Polyculture and Integrated Culture......Page 210
12.1 Fish and prawn interactions......Page 211
12.2 Management of prawn polyculture systems......Page 212
12.3 Integration of prawn culture with crop production......Page 219
12.5 References......Page 221
13.1 Diet and digestive physiology......Page 226
13.2 Nutrient requirements......Page 227
13.3 Grow-out feeds......Page 233
13.4 Feeding strategies......Page 237
13.6 References......Page 239
14.1 Water quality: impact and control......Page 244
14.2 Pond soil and sediment management......Page 252
14.3 Miscellaneous water and soil treatments......Page 256
14.4 References......Page 259
15.1 Health and defence......Page 262
15.2 Diagnosis......Page 266
15.3 Prophylaxis......Page 267
15.4 Therapeutic treatment......Page 268
15.5 Diseases......Page 269
15.7 References......Page 276
16.1 Male morphotypes......Page 282
16.2 Structure of mature populations......Page 288
16.3 Ontogeny and development......Page 290
16.4 Factors controlling growth variation......Page 294
16.5 The biological significance of size variation......Page 299
16.6 Commercial significance and management of size variation......Page 300
16.7 References......Page 305
17 Commercial Freshwater Prawn Farming Around the World......Page 313
17.1 Asia......Page 314
17.2 South America......Page 326
17.3 Central America and the Caribbean......Page 329
17.4 North America......Page 334
17.5 Africa......Page 335
17.7 Oceania......Page 344
17.8 Product value......Page 345
17.10 References......Page 346
18.1 Intrinsic characteristics......Page 349
18.2 Post-mortem changes......Page 354
18.3 Preservation......Page 357
18.5 Practical processing techniques......Page 364
18.6 References......Page 365
19.1 Historical perspective......Page 368
19.2 Market research and developing a marketing plan......Page 370
19.3 Marketing live or fresh prawns......Page 373
19.4 Marketing frozen prawns......Page 377
19.5 Developing a marketing strategy for freshwater prawns......Page 378
19.6 Developing marketing plans......Page 380
19.7 Marketing case studies......Page 381
19.8 Preparing freshwater prawns for consumption......Page 383
19.9 References......Page 391
20.1 Aquaculture business planning and management......Page 392
20.2 Financing commercial aquaculture projects......Page 395
20.3 Commercial prawn farming: costs and profitability......Page 397
20.4 Polyculture and integration......Page 408
20.5 Economic modelling of commercial prawn farming......Page 411
20.6 References......Page 412
21.1 Oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense)......Page 416
21.2 Monsoon river prawn (Macrobrachium malcolmsonii)......Page 421
21.3 Painted river prawn (Macrobrachium carcinus)......Page 423
21.4 Amazon river prawn (Macrobrachium amazonicum)......Page 426
21.6 Other species......Page 427
21.7 References......Page 429
22.1 Statistical information......Page 434
22.2 The freshwater prawn fisheries of Asia and the Pacific......Page 436
22.3 The freshwater prawn fisheries of Oceania......Page 446
22.5 The freshwater prawn fisheries of the Americas......Page 447
22.6 References......Page 449
23.1 Environmental and social benefits of freshwater prawn farming......Page 452
23.2 Areas of concern......Page 455
23.5 References......Page 456
Index......Page 458