Freedom After Kant: From German Idealism to Ethics and the Self

Acknowledgements
Notes on contributors
Introduction
	Part 1. The eighteenth century: Kant and his contemporaries; freedom and normativity
	Part 2. The nineteenth century: The post-Kantians, idealists and pragmatists; nature, politics and experience
	Part 3. The twentieth century: New developments;freedom, the self and others
	Notes
	References
1  Freedom, radical evil and ‘ought implies can’: A problem for Kant Robert Stern
	1. Evil, grace and freedom – and ‘ought implies can’
	2. ‘Ought implies can’: Rebutting the argument from pointlessness
	3. ‘Ought implies can’: Rebutting the argument from justice
	Notes
	References
2  Reinhold on free will and moral obligation: A Kantian response Jochen Bojanowski
	1. Reinhold’s definitions of free will
	2. Embracing Reinhold’s theory of free will
	3. Resisting Reinhold’s theory of free will
	4. Response to critics
	Conclusion
	References
3  Kant and the fate of freedom: 1788–1800 Owen Ware
	1. Introduction
	2. Kant and the causality of freedom
	3. ‘Necessity everywhere’: Ulrich’s charge
	4. The ‘non-entity’ of freedom: Creuzer’s complaint
	5. A ‘higher legislation’: Fichte to the rescue
	6. The ‘real issue’ of freedom: Schelling in 1795
	7. The ‘genesis’ of freedom: Fichte in 1798
	8. The ‘weaving of an unknown hand’: Schelling in 1800
	9. Closing remarks
	Abbreviations
	Notes
	References
4  Fichte on self-sufficiency and teleology Gabriel Gottlieb
	1. Introduction
	2. Fichte’s deduction of the moral principle
	3. Self-sufficiency and conceptual formation
	4. Self-sufficiency, striving and the infinite
	5. Conclusion
	Notes
	References
5  The feeling of freedom: Schelling on the role of freedom in grasping nature Dalia Nassar
	1. Background
	2. Schelling’s alternative
	3. Freedom and compulsion
	4. Conclusion
	Notes
	References
6  Is autonomy sufficient for freedom? Charlotte Alderwick
	1. Negative freedom and laws of nature: Freedom in the Critique of Pure Reason
		1.1 The second analogy and natural laws
		1.2 The third antinomy and the possibility for autonomy
	2. The Groundwork: Autonomy, rational self-determination and transcendental freedom
		2.1 Freedom as autonomy in the Groundwork
		2.2 The formula of universal law
		2.3 Summary
	3. Rational self-determination in Schelling’s Naturphilosophie
		3.1 The Naturphilosophie and the Critique of Judgement
		3.2 The Naturphilosophie
		3.3 The breakdown of autonomy in the Naturphilosophie
		3.4 Schelling’s new directions
	Notes
	References
7  Freedom and Hegel’s theory of the state Christoph Schuringa
	1. Introduction
	2. Freedom as the topic of the Philosophy of Right
	3. Empirical and true freedom in Hegel’s early texts
	4. Universality and individuality
	5. A dualism in the Philosophy of Right
	6. In the direction of a solution
	Notes
	References
		Primary texts
		Secondary texts
8  ‘In and through their association’: Freedom and communism in Marx Andrew Chitty and Jan Kandiyali
	1. Introduction
	2. Freedom ‘in and through’ association
	3. Free activity as voluntary self-realization
	4. Communism and the enablement of freedom
	5. Marx and Kant on freedom
	Acknowledgements
	Notes
	References
9  Mill on freedom, normativity and spontaneity Christopher Macleod
	1. The determinacy of mind
	2. Mechanism and normativity
	3. Mechanism and will
	4. Mechanism and spontaneity
	Notes
	References
10  Practical grounds for freedom: Kant and James on freedom, experience and an open future Joe Saunders and Neil Williams
	1. Introduction
	2. Kant’s ‘compatibilism’
	3. James, chance, and an open future
	4. Kant, James and the location of freedom
	5. Conclusion
	Notes
	Bibliography
	Other Referenced Texts
11  Levinas and finite freedom James H.P. Lewis and Simon Thornton
	1. Introduction
	2. Shapeless freedom and the element
	3. Infinite freedom and the will
	4. A tension: Heteronomy
	5. A further tension: Social dependence
	6. Finite freedom and antagonism
	7. Conclusion
	Notes
	References
12  Rethinking existentialism: From radical freedom to project sedimentation Jonathan Webber
	1. Sartre’s theory of radical freedom
	2. Beauvoir’s theory of project sedimentation
	3. Sedimentation and rational autonomy
	4. Projects as commitments
	5. Projects and cultural values
	6. Sedimentation, culture and freedom
	7. The transformation of Sartre’s philosophy
	Notes
	References
13  Murdoch and freedom Ana Barandalla
	1. Introduction
	2. The structure of the concept of freedom
	3. Freedom: “the movement of the lonely will”
	4. Freedom in Murdoch
	5. Murdoch’s individual
	6. Murdoch’s morality
	7. Murdoch’s freedom
	8. Constitutivism
	9. Murdoch and constitutivist freedom
	10. Constitutivism and Murdoch’s wish list
	11. Conclusion
	Notes
	Bibliography
Index