Free Trade Agreements in the Asia Pacific (World Scientific Studies in International Economics)

Preface......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 8
1.1. Rapid expansion of FTAs......Page 14
1.2. Characteristics and motives of FTAs in East Asia......Page 18
2. Objectives of the Research Project......Page 20
3.1. Quality of FTAs......Page 21
3.2. Impacts of FTAs......Page 24
4. Future Research Agenda......Page 26
References......Page 27
1. Introduction......Page 28
2.1. Theoretical survey on ROO......Page 29
2.2.1. ROOs in the US and EU FTAs......Page 33
2.2.2. ROOs in East Asian FTAs......Page 34
3. Empirical Assessment of ROOs......Page 36
3.1. Analysis on index components......Page 37
3.2.1. Existing studies......Page 40
3.2.2. Restrictiveness of ROO in FTAs by Japan and Korea......Page 43
4. Agricultural Liberalisation in Major FTAs......Page 46
4.1. FTAs by Western countries......Page 47
4.2. FTAs by Japan and Korea......Page 49
4.3. ASEAN–China FTA......Page 50
5. Conclusion......Page 52
References......Page 53
1. Introduction......Page 56
2.1. Regional characteristics of form......Page 57
2.2. Negative-list versus positive-list approach—Contents......Page 60
2.3. The GATS template versus the NAFTA template......Page 67
3. Domestic Regulation......Page 69
4. Market Access and National Treatment......Page 70
5. Comparison Between Bilateral and Multiple Member Agreements......Page 71
7. Overall Evaluation on Liberalisation......Page 72
8. Summary......Page 78
Appendix......Page 79
References......Page 9
1. Introduction......Page 108
2. Methodology......Page 109
3.1. Degrees of restrictions......Page 112
3.2. Assessment by country......Page 117
3.3. Types of restrictive measures......Page 122
3.4. Restrictions on different sectors......Page 123
4. Concluding Remarks......Page 124
Appendix......Page 125
References......Page 157
1. Introduction......Page 158
2.1. The basic idea and structure of safeguard mechanisms......Page 159
2.2. The intrinsic nature of bilateral and regional safeguard mechanisms......Page 162
2.3.1. Indicators for analysis and their descriptions......Page 165
2.4.1. NAFTA......Page 169
2.4.2. EFTA......Page 170
2.4.3. AFTA......Page 171
2.4.4. EC–Mexico......Page 172
2.4.6. US–Singapore......Page 173
2.4.8. Japan–Mexico......Page 174
2.4.9. Japan–Singapore......Page 175
2.4.12. China–ASEAN......Page 176
3.1. No general safeguard type......Page 177
3.2.2. GATT type......Page 178
3.2.4. European type......Page 179
4. Final Remarks......Page 180
Appendix......Page 182
References......Page 190
1.1.1. Welfare decomposition of efficiency improvement......Page 192
1.2. Location effects and regional disparity......Page 194
1.4.1. Computable equilibrium models and their advantage......Page 195
1.5. Accumulation effect measured by a CGE model......Page 196
1.6. The global trade analysis project model......Page 197
2.1. Trade and tariff structures of the three countries of Japan’s existing FTAs......Page 198
2.2. Details of simulations and technical assumptions......Page 200
2.3. Macroeconomic impacts......Page 201
2.4. Impacts on sectors......Page 203
3.1. Static simulation......Page 205
3.2. Results of static simulation......Page 206
3.3. Dynamic simulations: Model structures and assumptions......Page 209
3.4. Results of dynamic simulation: Baseline scenario......Page 211
3.6. Alternative scenarios: An FTA with the United States and liberalising agriculture......Page 212
4.1. Implications of the study......Page 214
Appendix 1: Simpli.ed Framework for Welfare Analysis......Page 215
Appendix 2: Baldwin Dynamic Specification......Page 216
Appendix 3: Sector and Region Aggregation......Page 219
References......Page 220
1. Introduction......Page 222
2. Intra-FTA Trade Dependency for Selected FTAs......Page 224
3.1. Brief survey of the literature......Page 228
3.2.1. Analysis of general FTA effects......Page 230
3.2.2. Analysis of trade creation and trade diversion effects......Page 234
3.2.3. Analysis of selected products......Page 239
4. Concluding Remarks......Page 247
Appendix: Description of the Data......Page 248
References......Page 265
1. Introduction......Page 268
2.2. Utilisation rate of FTAs......Page 270
2.3. Reasons for low utilisation rate......Page 271
2.4. Impacts of FTAs on Japanese companies......Page 274
3. Determinants of the Use of FTAs: An Application of the Probit Model......Page 275
Appendix: Characteristics of Questionnaire Respondents......Page 280
References......Page 284
1. Introduction......Page 286
2.1. Overview......Page 288
2.2.1. Japanese exports to Mexico......Page 299
2.2.2. Japanese imports from Mexico......Page 304
2.3. Gravity model estimation of Japanese trade......Page 313
3. Effects of the Japan–Mexico EPA Beyond Trade Liberalisation......Page 316
3.1. Business environment......Page 317
3.2. Government procurement......Page 319
4. Conclusion......Page 320
Appendix......Page 322
References......Page 325
Index......Page 328