FPGAs: Fundamentals, Advanced Features, and Applications in Industrial Electronics

Content: Table of Contents        1. FPGAs and their Role in the Design of Electronic Systems    1.1 Introduction    1.2 Embedded Control Systems - A Wide Concept    1.3 Implementation Options for Embedded Systems    1.3.1 Technological Improvements and Complexity Growth    1.3.2 Towards Energy-Efficient Improved Computing Performance    1.3.3 A Battle for the Target Technology?    1.3.4 Design Techniques and Tools for the Different Technologies    1.3.4.1 General-Purpose Processors and Microcontrollers    1.3.4.2 DSP Processors    1.3.4.3 Multi-Core Processors and GPGPUs    1.3.4.4 FPGAs    1.3.4.5 ASICs    1.4 How Does Configurable Logic Work?    1.5 Applications and Uses of FPGAs    2. Main Architectures and Hardware Resources of FPGAs    2.1 Introduction    2.2 Main FPGA Architectures    2.3 Basic Hardware Resources    2.3.1 Logic Blocks    2.3.2 I/O Blocks    2.3.2.1 Ser/Des Blocks    2.3.2.2 FIFO Memories    2.3.3 Interconnection Resources    2.4 Specialized Hardware Blocks    2.4.1 Clock Management Blocks    2.4.2 Memory Blocks    2.4.3 Hard Memory Controllers    2.4.4 Transceivers    2.4.4.1 PCIe Blocks    2.4.5 Serial Communication Interfaces    3. Embedded Processors in FPGA Architectures    3.1 Introduction    3.1.1 Multi-Core Processors    3.1.1.1 Main Hardware Issues    3.1.1.2 Main Software Issues    3.1.2 Many-Core Processors    3.1.3 FPSoCs    3.2 Soft Processors    3.2.1 Proprietary Cores    3.2.2 Open-Source Cores    3.3 Hard Processors    3.4 Other \"Configurable\" SoC Solutions    3.4.1 Sensor Hubs    3.4.2 Customizable Processors    3.5 On-Chip Buses    3.5.1 AMBA    3.5.1.1 AHB    3.5.1.2 Multi-Layer AHB    3.5.1.3 AXI    3.5.2 Avalon    3.5.3 CoreConnect    3.5.4 WishBone    4. Advanced Signal Processing Resources in FPGAs    4.1 Introduction    4.2 Embedded Multipliers    4.3 DSP Blocks    4.4 Floating-Point Hardware Operators    5. Mixed-Signal FPGAs    5.1 Introduction    5.2 ADC Blocks    5.3 Analog Sensors    5.4 Analog Data Acquisition and Processing Interfaces    5.5 Hybrid FPGA-FPAA Solutions    6. Tools and Methodologies for FPGA-Based Design    6.1 Introduction    6.2 Basic Design Flow Based on RTL Synthesis and Implementation Tools    6.2.1 Design Entry    6.2.2 Simulation Tools    6.2.2.1 Interactive Simulation    6.2.2.2 Mixed-Mode Simulation    6.2.2.3 HIL Verification    6.2.3 RTL Synthesis and Back-End Tools    6.2.3.1 RTL synthesis    6.2.3.2 Translation    6.2.3.3 Placement and Routing    6.2.3.4 Bitstream Generation    6.3 Design of SoPC Systems    6.3.1 Hardware Design Tools for SoPCs    6.3.2 Software Design Tools for SoPCs    6.3.3 Core Libraries and Core Generation Tools    6.4 HLS Tools    6.5 Design of HPC Multi-Thread Accelerators    6.6 Debugging and Other Auxiliary Tools    6.6.1 Hardware / Software Debugging for SoPC Systems    6.6.1.1 Software Debugging    6.6.1.2 Hardware Debugging    6.6.1.3 Hardware / Software Co-Debugging    6.6.2 Auxiliary Tools    6.6.2.1 Pin Planning Tools    6.6.2.2 FPGA Selection Advisory Tools    6.6.2.3 Power Estimation Tools    7. Off-chip and in-chip communications for FPGA systems    7.1 Introduction    7.2 Off-chip communications    7.2.1 Low speed interfaces    7.2.2 High speed interfaces    7.3 In-chip communications    7.3.1 Point-to point connections    7.3.2 Bus-based connections    7.3.3 Networks on Chip    8. Building Reconfigurable Systems using Commercial FPGAs    8.1 Introduction    8.2 Main Reconfiguration-Related Concepts    8.2.1 Reconfigurable Architectures    8.3 FPGAs as Reconfigurable Elements    8.3.1 Commercial FPGAs with Reconfiguration Support    8.3.2 Setting Up an Architecture for Partial Reconfiguration    8.3.3 Scalable Architectures    8.3.4 Tool Support for Partial Reconfiguration    8.3.5 On-Chip Communications for Reconfigurable Systems Support    8.4 RTR Support    8.4.1 Self-Managing Systems    8.4.2 Adaptive Multi-Thread Execution with Reconfigurable Hardware Accelerators    8.4.3 Evolvable Hardware    9. Industrial Electronics Applications of FPGAs    9.1 Introduction    9.2 FPGA Application Domains in Industrial Electronics    9.2.1 Digital Real-Time Simulation of Power Systems    9.2.2 Advanced Control Techniques    9.2.2.1 Power Systems    9.2.2.2 Robotics and Automotive Electronics    9.2.2.3 Use of Floating-Point Operations    9.2.3 Electronic Instrumentation    Conclusion