Foundations of Infectious Disease: A Public Health Perspective

Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
CHAPTER 1 Historical Perspectives
	Introduction
	Plague
	Smallpox
	Syphilis
	Studying Infectious Diseases: Historical Roots
	Early Attempts at Cure and Prevention of Infectious Diseases
	Categorizing Infectious Diseases
	19th-Century Theories of Disease Transmission
	Quantifying Infectious Diseases
	The Germ Theory of Disease
	Vector-Borne Diseases
	20th-Century Infectious Disease Initiatives
	20th-Century Advances In Antimicrobial Drugs
	Emerging Infectious Diseases
	Conclusion
	Key Terms
	Review Questions
	Bibliography
CHAPTER 2 Basics of Infectious Disease Epidemiology
	Introduction
	Key Concepts
	Prevalence and Incidence
	Diagnostic Screening Tests
	Herd Immunity
	Transmission and Distribution of Infectious Diseases
	The Epidemiologic Triangle
	Modeling Infectious Disease Transmission
	Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics: Contributing Factors
	Dynamic Models of Disease Transmission
	The Structure of the Host Population
	Conclusion
	Key Terms
	Review Questions
	Bibliography
CHAPTER 3 Study Designs
	Introduction
	Key Concepts
	Target, Source, and Study Populations
	Descriptive Studies
	Analytical Studies
	Meta-Analyses and Ecologic Studies
	Randomized Controlled Trials
	Measures of Association in Epidemiologic Studies
	Internal and External Validity and Reliability of Study Results
	Confounding and Bias
	Conclusion
	Key Terms
	Review Questions
	Bibliography
CHAPTER 4 Infectious Disease Prevention
	Introduction
	Key Concepts
	Vaccines
	Types of Vaccines
	Other Vaccine Issues
	The Public Health Impact of Vaccines
	Vaccines and Infectious Disease Eradication
	Infectious Disease Prevention at the Individual Level: The Importance of Handwashing
	Prevention of Foodborne Infections
	Prevention of Diarrheal Illness
	Prevention of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases
	Blood Donor Screening and Infectious Disease Prevention
	Quarantine and Isolation in Infectious Disease Prevention
	Conclusion
	Key Terms
	Review Questions
	Bibliography
CHAPTER 5 Investigating Infectious Disease Outbreaks
	Introduction
	Key Concepts
	Infectious Disease Surveillance
	The Starting Point
	Planning an Outbreak Investigation
	Choosing a Study Design
	Person, Place, and Time
	Types of Outbreaks
	The Role of the Laboratory in Infectious Disease Investigations
	Environmental Assessments
	Communication of Findings
	Conclusion
	Key Terms
	Review Questions
	Bibliography
CHAPTER 6 The Immune System and Infectious Disease
	Introduction
	Key Concepts
	Overview of Innate and Adaptive Immune Defenses
	Phagocytosis
	Thanks for the Complement
	Complement–Phagocyte Synergism and the Acute Inflammatory Response
	Interferons
	Innate Lymphoid Cells
	Enter the Eosinophils
	Adaptive Immune Responses and the Importance of Specificity
	The Structure and Function of Antibodies
	T Cell Activation and Antigen- Presenting Cells
	Memory, the Immunological Sort
	Controlling the Immune Response
	Collectins and Ficolins
	You Give Me Fever
	Natural Killer Cells
	More on Phagocytosis: Surround, Dispatch, and Absorb
	Cytokines: Their Role in Infection Control and Disease
	Antibody-Mediated Immune Response
	Cell-Mediated Host Immunity
	The Downside of the Host Immune Response
	Conclusion
	Key Terms
	Review Questions
	Bibliography
CHAPTER 7 Prion Infections
	Introduction
	Key Concepts
	Sheep Scrapie
	Kuru
	Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
	Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
	Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
	Conclusion
	Key Terms
	Review Questions
	Bibliography
CHAPTER 8 Viral Infections
	Introduction
	Key Concepts
	Influenza
	Measles
	Hepatitis B
	Ebola
	Zika Virus
	Conclusion
	Key Terms
	Review Questions
	Bibliography
CHAPTER 9 HIV/AIDS
	Introduction
	Key Concepts
	Transmission of HIV
	Clinical Aspects of HIV/AIDS
	Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS
	Prevention of HIV/AIDS
	Conclusion
	Key Terms
	Review Questions
	Bibliography
CHAPTER 10 Bacterial Infections
	Introduction
	Key Concepts
	Classification of Bacteria
	Antibiotic Resistance
	Tuberculosis
	Cholera
	Conclusion
	Key Terms
	Review Questions
	Bibliography
CHAPTER 11 Parasitic Infections
	Introduction
	Key Concepts
	Types of Parasites
	Types of Hosts
	Modes of Transmission
	Protozoal Infection: Malaria
	Protozoal Infection: Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis)
	Protozoal Infection: Human African Trypanosomiasis
	Protozoal Infection: Cryptosporidiosis
	Helminthic Infections
	Trematode Infection: Schistosomiasis
	Nematode Infection: Hookworm
	Nematode Infection: Lymphatic Filariasis
	Nematode Infection: Onchocerciasis (Non-lymphatic Filariasis)
	Conclusion
	Key Terms
	Review Questions
	Bibliography
CHAPTER 12 Foodborne Infections
	Introduction
	Key Concepts
	Food Safety Standards in the United States
	Foodborne Salmonella spp. Infections
	Foodborne Clostridium perfringens Infections
	Foodborne Clostridium botulinum Infections
	Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes Infections
	Foodborne Trichinella spp. Infections
	Foodborne Taenia Solium Infections
	Foodborne Norovirus Infections
	Conclusion
	Key Terms
	Review Questions
	Bibliography
CHAPTER 13 Sexually Transmitted Infections
	Introduction
	Key Concepts
	Chlamydia trachomatis as an STI
	Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections
	Syphilis
	Chancroid Ulcers
	Oral and Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
	Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Infections
	Behavioral Models and STI Prevention
	Addressing High-Risk Sexual Behaviors
	Conclusion
	Key Terms
	Review Questions
	Bibliography
CHAPTER 14 Healthcare- Acquired Infections
	Introduction
	Key Concepts
	Historical Overview of HAIs
	Why Do HAIs Occur?
	Common Etiologies of HAIs
	HAI Surveillance in the United States
	Risk Factors for HAIs
	Transmission Routes of HAIs
	CDC and NHSN Categories of HAIs
	Emerging HAIs
	Viral HAIs
	Fungal HAIs
	Conclusion
	Key Terms
	Review Questions
	Bibliography
CHAPTER 15 Neglected Tropical Diseases
	Introduction
	Key Concepts
	Buruli Ulcer
	Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV)
	Chromoblastomycosis
	Dengue Fever
	Foodborne Trematodiases: Clonorchiasis, Opisthorchiasis, Fascioliasis, and Paragonimiasis
	Dracunculiasis (Guinea-Worm Disease)
	Leishmaniasis
	Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease)
	Mycetoma
	Rabies
	Ocular Trachoma
	Yaws
	Conclusion
	Key Terms
	Review Questions
	Bibliography
CHAPTER 16 Future Trends
	Introduction
	Key Concepts
	Global Preparedness for Emerging Infectious Disease Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics
	Global Warming, Climate Change, and Infectious Diseases
	Conclusion
	Key Terms
	Review Questions
	Bibliography
Glossary
Index